Literati and writers during the Southern Dynasties and the Qi and Liang Dynasties. Filial piety Originally from the plain (now Shandong). Father Liu _, Liu in Song Dynasty, was a civil servant from the official history to Shixing. In the early Song and Ming Dynasties, Shandong was conquered by the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time, Liu Jun was still a child, living in his hometown with his mother, and was abducted and sold to Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). Later, he was forced to move to Sanggan, and it was not until Emperor Yong of Qi returned to the south the following year. Liu Jun was eager to learn from an early age. He has annotated Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and the collected materials are quite rich, which are still valued today. His poems and songs have also been handed down. However, his life is bumpy and his official career is very bumpy. After his death, his master called him Mr. Xuan Jing.

Chinese name: Liu Jun.

Liu Jun Mbth

Nationality: Southern Dynasties

Place of birth: Shandong

Occupation: writer

Representative works: On Distinguishing Fate, On Spreading Scatter.

all one's life

Liu Jun's essays are quite distinctive among writers in the Southern Dynasties, and their representatives are the theory of distinguishing fate and the theory of breaking off diplomatic relations. The main idea of "the theory of distinguishing destiny" is to explain that people's poverty is determined by "destiny" and is not affected by personnel or ghosts. According to him, "those who are born with all things are called Tao, and those who are born without owners are called nature." Natural people, seeing things as they are, don't know why. " People's wealth is not consciously arranged by any god, so "there is no poison in life and no piety in death." Liu: It is not his anger to fall into a deep spring, nor is it his happiness to rise to a lonely man and few women. " He listed that in history, some people were blessed by good deeds, some were cursed by evil deeds, and some were blessed by evil deeds. He said: "for good, for evil, it never rains but it pours, and there are different wastes, and God wobbles!" " Therefore, he does not recognize the existence of God, but some unknowable contingency, which constitutes the different fate of people. This argument actually reflects the resentment of the middle and lower literati in feudal society under the condition of depression and helplessness.

His "On Guang San" mercilessly exposed and lashed out at the "human world" of the literati in the Southern Dynasties. Liang Chu is very appreciated. After Ren died, his son lived in poverty, but his friends seldom took care of him. Liu Jun is very dissatisfied with this. His "wide breakup theory" was born. This paper classifies the so-called "friendship" in the world and holds that there are five kinds of friendship in the world: "potential friendship" (attachment to powerful people); "Bribery" (catering to the rich); "Talking about friendship" (making friends with celebrities and seeking praise); "Poor friends" (use each other if you don't succeed, and forget your friendship once you succeed); "Quantity" (considering making friends with each other, you can get benefits). In his view, these five motives for making friends are all based on self-interest, and they are "uninformed and ignorant" rather than real friendship. He gave a vivid description of this hypocritical "five contacts". For example, when he wrote "quantity", he described those snobs who "treat morally good people as if they were traveling in the dust and met the same soil stalk"; As for the bad guys with poor quality, as long as they are beneficial to themselves, they can also "crawl and lick hemorrhoids, and the golden cream shows sincerity." This enlightenment to the world at that time was obviously not limited to some friends before Ren's death, but involved the psychological state and moral outlook of the whole feudal scholar-bureaucrat class. Therefore, this article has become a rare parallel prose masterpiece in the Southern Dynasties. He also wrote a preface devoted to the setbacks and misfortunes in his life. But what remains today is only the last part of this article, similar to the praise of historical biography. This article has a certain influence on later generations.

Liu Jun's poems are rare now. Today, only four poems are recorded in Kuaiqinli's Poems of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Generally speaking, he is good at writing landscapes, such as Jiangzhou Guishi Poetry, which reveals frustrated grievances and secluded thoughts. Living in a Mountain Camp takes seclusion and wandering immortals as its theme, and its poetic style is relatively simple, close to that of Jin and Song Dynasties, which is not the same as that of the literati at that time.

Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains six volumes of Liu Jijun, which has been lost.

Liu Jun is eager to learn.

original text

Liu Jun was thirsty for knowledge, sent people to watch, studied while attending classes, and often lit torches from night to night. When sleeping, _ its beard and hair, as well as the feeling of repetition, its energy is so. At that time, Wei Xiaowen chose everything, and everyone in the south of the Yangtze River was learned, except your brothers. Qi Yongming went to Jiangnan and changed his name to Xiao. Because I was not enlightened when I was young, I was more refined and wise at night. I don't know much about it, but I want a different book. If I hear different books, I will pray for them. Cui Weizu of Qinghe called it "book prostitution", so he wrote many books to show off literature. (This article is selected from "Southern History Liu Junchuan")

translate

There is a young man named Liu Jun, who likes reading very much, lives in other people's homes, studies hard by himself, and often reads with a hemp torch. From night to the next morning, sometimes I accidentally fall asleep and burn my hair. He noticed this and went on reading, staying up all night. That is his spirit! At that time, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei selected talents on a large scale, and people of insight in Jiangnan went to see him and applied for selection. Only the Liu Jun brothers were not selected. During the reign of Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty, he rushed to the south of the Yangtze River, changed his name to Jun, and proofread his words. I think I was not enlightened when I was young, but I am more experienced and savvy when I am an adult. That's great. Because his knowledge is not very extensive, he asks for rare books. I heard that someone has such a book and will definitely borrow it. Cui Weizu of Qinghe called him a "bookworm". Because he has read a lot of books, his handwriting is beautiful and brilliant.

Word explanation

Xian (reading Wu's third voice): Go around the hall corridor.

Classroom reading: reading according to the prescribed curriculum.

Liao: burn.

_ (Read the fourth sound if): Burn.

Wei Xiaowen chose everything at that time: the then Emperor Wei Xiaowen selected talents on a large scale.

Shen Wei: Employment and Promotion

Qi: Qi State in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Yongming: the year number of Emperor Wu of Qi.

Book lust: refers to being too poor and addicted to books. Prostitution: excessive.

Prayer: supplication.