Friedrich engels (1820.1.28—1895.8.5) is one of the founders of Marxism, a mentor and leader of the proletariat all over the world, and a close comrade-in-arms of Marx. Born in Bamen, Rhine province, Prussia. Father is the owner of a textile mill. 1837, I was forced to do business without graduating from middle school. While working in Bremen, the radical literary group "Young Germany" published a letter from Wu Peishan Valley in its magazine "Deutsche Telekom", exposing the darkness of the feudal system. 184 1 year, he went to Berlin for military service. During this period, he often attended lectures at Berlin University, participated in young hegelians, and wrote works such as Schelling and Enlightenment, criticizing Schelling's mysticism. 1842 After serving in September, he went to work in a joint venture between his father and others in Manchester, England. Here, I often go to factories and workers' residential areas to investigate and study the working class, associate with activists of the British constitutional movement, and write articles for newspapers such as Rheinische Zeitung. 1In February, 844, the Critique Outline of Political Economy was published in the German-French Yearbook, criticizing the capitalist economic system from the perspective of socialism. At this time, he has turned from revolutionary democracy to communism and from idealism to materialism.

1844 At the end of August, Engels returned from England and met Marx when passing through Paris, fighting side by side for life. In Paris, he co-wrote The Holy Family with Marx, criticizing young hegelians's idealistic philosophy and clarifying that people are the creators of history. 1March 845, The Status of the British Working Class was completed, which explained for the first time that the proletariat is not only a suffering class, but also a class that can strive for its ultimate liberation, and put forward the idea that socialism should be combined with the workers' movement. German Ideology was co-written with Marx in 1845, which further criticized young hegelians's idealism, exposed the reactionary face of Germany's "real socialism" and expounded the basic principles of historical materialism. 1846 and 1847, the Communist Communication Committee and the German Workers' Association were jointly established in Brussels, and successfully launched the struggle against average communism and "real socialism" in proudhon and wetering among workers' organizations. 1847 joined the communist youth league with Marx and drafted two drafts of the communist creed and the communist principle for the league. After the second congress of the League, Marx and R Engels were entrusted by the congress to jointly write the programmatic document "* *" of scientific communism from 1847 to 12 to 1848, which became the guide of proletarian movement all over the world.

1848, after the German revolution broke out, Engels returned to Germany from France with Marx, founded the New Rheinische Zeitung, United the proletariat and carried out a lot of revolutionary work. 1849 From May to July, he personally participated in the German people's armed uprising, which showed his outstanding military talents. After the uprising was suppressed, he went to London via Switzerland to rebuild the local organization and central Committee of the Communist League with Marx. 1850-1852 in order to sum up the experience of 1848 revolution, he wrote two books, German Peasant War and German Revolution and Counter-Revolution. In order to help Marx economically, he returned to Manchester in June 1850 1 1 and engaged in business activities until June 1870 when he moved to London. In these twenty years, I corresponded with Marx almost every day to discuss various political issues, natural science and social science. 1851-1862, he published articles in The New York Daily Tribune and other newspapers, expounding and supporting the revolutionary struggles of the Italian, Irish, Polish, German, American and China people, studying military theories with great interest, and writing a lot of far-sighted military articles. At the same time, he was very concerned about the Constitution Movement.

1864 After the establishment of International Working Men’s Association First International, Engels and Marx took an active part in the international leadership work, and fought against proudhon School, bakunin School, Trade Union School and Lassall School in principle, which established the leading position of Marxism in the international workers' movement. 1870 After the Franco-Prussian War broke out in July, a series of military commentary articles were published, which scientifically estimated the progress of the war. 187 1 In March, Paris workers held an armed uprising and established the Paris Commune. Later, together with Marx, they actively supported the Paris Commune. From 1872 to 1873, he wrote On Housing which criticized proudhon. After the dissolution of the First International, under the condition that Marx mainly devoted himself to writing Das Kapital, he undertook the task of expressing their opinions in regular newspapers, especially in the struggle against hostile thoughts. When the German Social Democratic Labor Party (Eizenakh School) merged with the opportunist Lhasa School in 1875, together with Marx, it seriously criticized the capitulationist position of the leaders of Eizenakh School and Lhasa's viewpoint in the Gotha Program. 1876- 1878 wrote the book "Anti-Turin", which comprehensively criticized Turin's viewpoint and systematically discussed the three components of Marxism for the first time. 1879 co-wrote the famous letter of accusation with Marx, criticizing the reformism and capitulationism of the Zurich trio in the German party. From the early 1970s to 1883, he devoted himself to the study of philosophical problems in natural science, made many notes and summarized the most important achievements of natural science at that time. After his death, these notes were compiled into a book Dialectics of Nature.

1After Marx's death in March, 883, Engels took on the heavy responsibility of sorting out and publishing Marx's documentary heritage and continued to lead the international workers' movement, and wrote many important works. The second and third volumes of Das Kapital edited by him were published in 1885 and 1894 respectively. 1884 wrote the origin of family, private ownership and state, which clarified the process of class generation, the origin and essence of state. 1888 wrote ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy, which revealed the relationship between Marxism and Hegel's philosophy and Feuerbach's philosophy, and elaborated the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism in detail. 1889 personally participated in the establishment of the second international, guided its activities, and resolutely fought against all kinds of opportunism. 189 1 At the beginning of the year, despite many obstacles, Marx's Critique of the Gotha Program was published in public, which dealt a heavy blow to opportunism. In March of the same year, Marx's French Civil War was reprinted and a preface was written for it. In June, he wrote an article criticizing the draft plan of Erfurt. 1894, in view of the wrong positions of the German Social Democratic Party and the French Workers' Party on the peasants' issue, he wrote the Franco-German Peasants' Issue and expounded the theory of agricultural socialist transformation. 1895 wrote the introduction of the second edition of Marx's Class Struggle in France, and analyzed the strategic basis of the workers' movement under the changing conditions of class struggle. In his later years, he wrote many letters to activists all over the world, further developing the principle of historical materialism. 1895 died in London on August 5th.

Lenin pointed out: "The great contribution of Marx and Engels with world historical significance lies in their scientific analysis of the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable transition to communism where no one exploits people"; "It is precisely because they pointed out to the proletarians of all countries that the role, task and mission of proletarians are to start a revolutionary struggle against capital" (Selected Works of Lenin, Volume 3, p. 603).