"Autumn Color Map of Que Hua" depicts the beautiful scenery of Jinan, but little known is that Zhao Mengfu, the author of the painting, is not from Jinan, and this painting is not made by Jinan, which is related to the meticulous painting claiming to be from Jinan, and the survival of the painting is also related to Emperor Qianlong. Zhao Mengfu (1254- 1322), a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang Province, was appointed by Yuan Shizu in the summer and June of the 29th year of Zhiyuan (1292) as "the general manager of Jinan Road, who was in charge of all the armies along the road, and the general manager was short of officials". He stayed in Jinan for three years. Zhao Mengfu's poem is "pure and elegant, which makes people want to fly out of the dust". After he became an official, he went deep into folk customs and visited Baotu Spring, Daming Lake and other places, leaving many poems praising Jinan's landscape, especially Baotu Spring, the first spring scenic spot in Jinan. People in Jinan are most familiar with the poem "Clouds and water are steaming, but they don't pay attention to China". 1295, Zhao Mengfu resigned from the capital, returned to his hometown, and made careful friends. Zhou Mi is good at calligraphy and painting, rhythm and poetry. His poems are of halal origin, close to Jiang Kui, and elegant and graceful in style. He and Wu Wenying are also called "the second window", and he is a representative writer of the metrical ci school in the late Song Dynasty. Two people appreciate each other and are like brothers. However, compared with famous Jinan celebrities such as Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji and Min Ziqian, the name Zhou Mi is still relatively unfamiliar, and many readers don't know much about him.
Zhou Mi (1232 —— 1298), whose name is Gong Jin, was originally from Jinan, and was called the director mountain of Chinatown. Although he was born in the south of the Yangtze River, he never forgot that he was a descendant of Qilu (the first year of Song Jingkang (1 126), and nomadic people went south to destroy the Northern Song Dynasty. He signed the poem "Grass Window Rhyme", and in his later years, unofficial history called himself "thorough". He also said in Dong Qiye's Talk: "I am a neat person for the rest of my life, living at the foot of Mount Li, or living in China's careless sunshine ... I am too neat to be together." (Qi people are from Jinan, and Jinan was called Qi or in the early Yuan Dynasty) These are full of deep homesickness. In their communication, Zhao Mengfu told Zhou Mi many times about the beautiful scenery, simple folk customs and abundant spring water in Jinan, which caused Zhou Mi to miss his hometown deeply.
Once, two people and some friends were drinking and writing poems. Everyone is laughing and talking about the famous mountains and rivers they have visited. Zhao Mengfu praised the victory of Jinan's landscape. Speaking of Que Mountain and Huabei Mountain, one is round and honest, the other is pointed into the sky, and the two peaks are very different in shape, which makes people present fascinated. After listening to Zhao Mengfu's description, he yearned for Jinan more, so he begged Zhao to draw a picture for him to make up for his regret that he had never set foot in his native land. Zhao Sui drew the autumn scenery of Huabu Zhanshan in Jinan and Queshan nearby from memory. While painting, he made an in-depth introduction to the landscape and folk customs of Jinan, and inscribed the words "autumn flowers"-the national treasure painting and calligraphy was born. In the painting, Changting is layered, fishing boats haunt, trees and cottages are hidden, and two mountains on the plain protrude, which are far apart; Trees are red and green, dry and wet, tall and tall, varied, sparse and elegant; Houses, people and animals, reed boat nets are all described in detail, and many scenery are patchwork, full of rhythm, originality and no axe. Today, there is still Zhao Mengfu's inscription on the color picture of Quehuaqiu: "I am loyal to my father, and I am loyal to qi zhou. After leaving office, I want to talk about the mountains and rivers of Qi. I am the most famous one, but I don't care. Seen in Zuo Zhuan, the shape is steep and unique, and it is this picture. To its east is Queshan Mountain. It is called "Quehua Autumn Color Map". " This inscription tells the origin of this "homesick painting", and the public respect in the text is thorough.
As a famous painting, the story of "Que Hua Qiu Se Tu" does not end here. Not to mention, after painting, it was chased and collected by many famous artists. In the Qing dynasty, it was also included in the palace and was loved by Qianlong. The emperor with a good inscription was still writing "Autumn Flowers" at the beginning, with nine inscriptions and countless seals. In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), Qianlong and Empress Fu Cha (that is, Empress Xiaoxian) came to Jinan, and when they visited Daming Lake, they boarded the Queqiao Club. At that time, Queqiao Bridge was a famous ancient bridge in Jinan, running from east to west, between Baihuazhou and Daming Lake. This bridge is tens of feet high. Seen from the north, the nearby Huming Lake is full of lotus flowers and willow trees, and ships come and go. In the distance, Que Shanxi leans against Huashan East, and the two mountains are far apart. The fields are flat, and houses and huts are looming in the misty rain. Ganlong enjoys the picturesque scenery in front of him. Isn't it the autumn scenery in Jinan described in "Quehua Autumn Color Map"? The people on standby took out the real thing from the palace and looked at the landscape painting before the exhibition of Quehua Ershan, which was of great interest. He improvised a poem on the Quehua Bridge: "Daming is on the Milky Way, why open the Quehua Bridge?" In the spring breeze at the beginning of autumn and moon, white elm should accommodate thousands of willows. "
Coincidentally, shortly after he recited the poem, the queen died on her way back to Beijing, and Ganlong burst into tears. Sad, he was greatly annoyed, thinking that the poem he wrote on the magpie bridge was unlucky. The cowherd and the weaver girl fell in love but separated, and what aroused his interest in poetry was Autumn Flowers and Autumn Colors, which was the culprit. Emperor Qianlong immediately ordered: burn "Quehua Autumn Color Map"! The accompanying officials tried their best to persuade, but after hundreds of years of circulation, this painting was even harder to get. Once burned, wouldn't it be reviled by future generations? Gan long immediately ordered: I found that the paintings of the ancients were inaccurate and should be burned so as not to miss the war in the Qing Dynasty. But this painting has been circulated for hundreds of years before it was finally obtained, so I have the right to collect it in Otani and seal it forever, so no one can see it. In this way, "Quehua Autumn Color Map" was put into the cold palace. No matter whether the legend is true or not, it is certain that in the Qing Dynasty, the "Quehua Autumn Color Map" was indeed hidden in the palace and was not seen by outsiders.
At the beginning of 1949, "Quehua Autumn Color Map" was transported to Taiwan Province Province with more than 5,500 boxes of precious cultural relics and was treasured in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Now, another late autumn is coming, and this "homesick painting" is even more homesick. ...
Zhao Mengfu, with the word Ang, is named Song Xuedao, Gulbodao and Crystal Palace Road. Xing Wu (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) people. He is good at painting landscapes, figures, pommel horses, bamboo stones and flowers and birds. The landscape is based on Dong Yuan and Li, and the figures and pommel horses are based on Li and Tang people. His paintings have two characteristics, one is neat and the other is bold. These two characteristics have made great progress in pen and ink techniques and have a great influence on later generations.