Zheng Banqiao (1693.11.22-1765.1.22), namely Zheng Xie, a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, was born in1693 and died in/kloc. He lives in Yangzhou and sells paintings for a living. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan. In Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", and a world-renowned painter and writer with "Three Unique Poems and Paintings". His life can be divided into five stages: studying, teaching, selling paintings in Yangzhou, being a scholar, being an official, being an official in Shandong and selling paintings in Yangzhou again. A, reading teaching Zheng Xie (1693- 1766) from Xinghua, Jiangsu. Originally from Suzhou. His ancestors moved from Nagato in Suzhou to Wangtou in xinghua city, and moved to Zheng Banqiao in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the14th generation. His father, Zheng Zhiben, whose real name is Li 'an and Meng Yang, was born in Lin. He is an outstanding scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence. He is a disciple at home and has hundreds of students. Zheng Banqiao was born on1October 22nd. At that time, his family had declined and his life was very poor. At the age of three, my biological mother Wang Fu died. At the age of fourteen, I lost my stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Nurse Fei is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman. She gives meticulous care and meticulous care and becomes the pillar of life and feelings. Zheng Banqiao was smart and literate when he was three years old. By the age of eight or nine, he had been a literary and art federation under the guidance of his father. When I was young, my father and I went to Maojiaqiao in Zhou Zhen to study. At the age of sixteen, I learned lyrics from my hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. Around the age of twenty, he was admitted as a scholar. Married at 23, Mrs. Xu. It was/kloc-0' s first trip to Beijing in the autumn of 998, and in a few small words, Ouyang Xiu< The Voice of Autumn >> was written. At the age of 26, I have been teaching in Jiangcun, Zhou Zhen. At the age of 30, my father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and a son, and life was even more difficult. Do> poem, lamenting that Zheng Sheng had no camp for 30 years. "Second, Yangzhou sells paintings because of the hardships of life. After 30 years old, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum to sell paintings in Yangzhou for a living, which really saved the poor and made him look elegant." During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, some tourism activities were also interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu died and wrote a poem to mourn. At the age of 32, I traveled to Jiangxi, where I met Lu Bao, an unscrupulous master and Manchu scholar. At the age of 33, he traveled to Beijing, made friends with Zen Zunsu and his family's children, talked loudly, and hid the characters, so he got a crazy name. During his fame, he married Prince Kangxi and Wang Yunxi of Shen Jun, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, a guest from Tongzhou. Thirty-six-year-old, studying in Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, writing in calligraphy & gt one for each person. At the age of 37, I worked as the first draft of>. Thirty-nine years old, Mrs. Xu is critically ill. During his ten years in Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao made many painting friends, such as Jin Nong and Huang Shen. These painting friends are closely related to his past and have a great influence on his creative thinking and even his personality. Third, Zhongjuren, Jinshi, Guan You 1732, Zheng Banqiao, 40 years old, drinking poetry in >. For further study, I went to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang to study. At present, Biefeng Temple in Jiaoshan has a woodcut couplet room for Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy, which is elegant and has few flowers. "1736, the first year of Qianlong, I was 44 years old. In Beijing, I took the exam of the Ministry of Rites. In the palace, in May, I took the court exam in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. I am the 88th Jinshi of China Dimei, and I was born as a scholar. I wrote a poem for>, saying, "I am also called a scholar in Zhong Kui, and I am the best scholar in Tangui." The joy is beyond words. 1737, forty-five, stayed in Beijing for about a year, but failed, and returned to Yangzhou in the south. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng, she married Rao. Nurse faye's minions. 1739, at the age of 47, he wrote Four Lyrics for Yu Jianzeng, the traffic supervisor of Huainan. 1740, Dong is 48 years old> Preface. 174 1 year-old, 49 years old, went to Beijing and was treated by Wang Yunxi, Shen Jun County. Fourth, when Shandong became an official at the age of 50, that is, in the spring of 1742, he wrote poems and ci collections for Fan County, and Fan County was also a county magistrate. 1743, 5 1 year-old, revised & gt several times, and finally finalized it, engraved by Shangyuan Stuart Gao Wen. 1744, Rao Sheng. During the slaughter period, we paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's feelings, revived the people, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. 1746, Qianlong eleven years, 54 years old, transferred from Fan County to Wei County. It was the great famine in Shandong in 2008, and people ate people. Wei county was originally a prosperous city, but it suffered from natural disasters year after year. Disaster relief has become an important part of Zheng Banqiao's governance of wei county. He opened warehouses to relieve goods, so that people could have vouchers to supply, and built cities, recruiting hungry people from far and near to work, and large families in the city took turns to open factories to cook porridge. We sealed Xiaomi's house and lived in more than 10 thousand people. In autumn, the harvest is not good, donations are cheap, and IOUs are destroyed. The living don't count. Banqiao lamented that the hungry people in Wei County gave food. & lt escape from the desert >>. 1748, Gao Bin, a university student, and Liu Tongxun, a viceroy, went to Shandong for disaster relief, followed by Banqiao. In autumn, the disaster situation in wei county gradually eased, and the hungry people also went through the customs to return home. & lt enjoy driving >> discipline. In order to prevent the invasion of water, we donated money to advocate the overhaul of Weixian city wall. Late autumn, book & gt. 175 1 year, seawater flooded, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in northern wei county to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's official intention is that if he succeeds, it will benefit the people. Therefore, when he is in power, he can sympathize with civilians and small traders, reform abuses, and safeguard their interests from laws and measures. During the Banqiao massacre in Weifang, he was diligent and honest, left no problems behind, and was not unfair to the people, and won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in wei county, and people are compatible with luxury. Zheng Banqiao admired literature, discovered talents, and left many stories. 1747, Debao, a flag bearer from Huang Zheng, Manzhouli, took the examiner in Shandong, and Banqiao was in the examination room, singing with each other. 1748, Gan Long visited Shandong. Zheng Banqiao is a history of calligraphy and painting. He took part in the preparations and arranged everything for the emperor to climb Mount Tai. He lay on Mount Tai for more than 40 days, often proud of it, and carved a seal in the history of Yunganlong Cambodian calligraphy and painting. "1749, 57 years old, Rao's son died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's garden with Shen Yanfang. Reorder & gt,< poetry notes >>,<& ltWord money >>, and handwritten Fu Zi. Written in1750 < <; Banqiao preface >>. . In the same year, Wenchang Temple was rebuilt and the champion bridge was advocated. & lt Wenchang shrine >>. 175 1 year, 59 years old, making < < rare lake paint > > banner. 1752, presided over the repair work of wei county City God Temple, and wrote < < inscription of City God Temple > >. In the << Wenchang Shrine >> and> past, Banqiao urged the gentry in Wei County to cultivate good manners and incorruptible conduct, which had considerable influence among the people in Wei County. In the same year, I wrote a piece of paper with Weixian Gaohe, making a running script of seven words, simplifying trees and introducing new February flowers. " Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in wei county, and his> forty songs were particularly popular. Fifth, sell paintings again. Yangzhou citizens are children of Shunchu, so they should study more when they have time. "In the seven years of Guan Wei, Banqiao reached a new peak in terms of official management, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the official management of literary names is very important to the times." Banqiao has been an official for ten years and has gained insight into the darkness of officialdom. His ambition of "contributing to the world and keeping people healthy" is hard to realize, and his intention in back in the game is increasing day by day. 1753, Zheng Banqiao was 61 years old. He worked for the welfare of the people and joined the government. When we arrived in Weifang, the people blocked the way, and every family made a portrait to offer sacrifices, and spontaneously set up a shrine for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao made a living by selling paintings, traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, and interacted with fellow painters and poets. 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After Qiantang, go to Huiji, explore Yu's point, visit Lanting, and go back and forth. 1757, 65 years old, participated in the restoration of Hongqiao hosted by Yu Jianzeng, the traffic Commissioner of Huaibei, got to know Yuan Mei and had poetry exchanges. During this period, Banqiao made many paintings and calligraphy works, which were widely circulated. 1766 65438+1October 22nd (December 12th, 30th year of Qianlong) Banqiao died and was buried in Ruanzhuang, Chengguan, xinghua city at the age of 73. Zheng Banqiao's two sons died young, and the son of Zheng Mo, Emperor Taizong, inherited Tian Si. Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchids, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. , and is famous for its elegant appearance and strong style. He advocated that the ancient law should not be ignored, and the law should be natural and enjoyable. He put forward a three-stage painting theory of "having bamboo in the eye", "having bamboo in the chest" and "having bamboo in the hand". He combined thoughtful thoughts with skillful pen and ink skills, and Banqiao took cursive script as the backbone to draw bamboo, which received the artistic effect of "not being chaotic and sparse, getting rid of the habits of the times and having great power". The bamboo painted by Banqiao is lifelike, with both form and spirit. The intention is to write first, and the interests are outside the law. The orchids painted by Banqiao are mostly orchids from Shan Ye, and the brilliant nature of orchids is described with strong cursive brushstrokes. Banqiao painted stone, and the bone method used a pen. First, the outline of the stone was drawn, and sometimes Lanzhu was used, which was very harmonious and unified. Zheng Banqiao's paintings brought fresh vitality to the book circle of the Qing Dynasty at that time. Intellectuals and working people regard it as a treasure, and they pay a lot of money to buy it, which is widely circulated. According to legend, Zheng Banqiao Painting Fan, Zheng Banqiao was appointed as the county magistrate of Wei County in his later years in Qing Dynasty. One day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans staring blankly on a pile of unattended fans. Zheng Banqiao caught up with him and picked up a fan, which was as white as snow without words or pictures. Now that we have missed the season of using fans, naturally no one will buy them. Zheng Banqiao learned from the investigation that the old lady's family was poor and decided to help her. So Zheng Banqiao borrowed a pen, ink and inkstone from a shop and splashed ink with a pen. I saw bamboo in Ran Ran, vanilla, autumn chrysanthemum in Ao Shuang, falling snow and cold plum dancing on the fan, which was poetic and picturesque, making the poems and paintings on the fan set each other off. The surrounding audience rushed to buy it, and soon, a bunch of fans sold out. Three generations of Zheng Banqiao's ancestors were literati and great-grandfather, who was born in Xiang; Grandfather Qing, a high-ranking Confucian official, father, Ang Lee, and Lin Zexu were born. Gui You, 1693, Kangxi was born in Gubanqiao, Dongmen, Xinghua on October 25th. At the age of 4, Mrs. Wang died; My 5-year-old father followed Mrs. Juhao. 14 years old, my stepmother, Mrs. Hao, passed away. About 2000 years ago, when I was young, I studied in Maojiaqiao, Zhou Zhen. At the age of 20, I wrote a poem by Mr. Lu Zhongyuan, a predecessor of Xinghua. At the age of 23, he married Xu, a Zhouyi native. At the age of 24, he was a scholar and began to teach at the age of 26. Li Zhengan, a 30-year-old father, died. 365,438+0 years old, selling paintings in Yangzhou this year, about ten years. His son also died in this year or so. 39 years old, 173 1 year old, 9 years old, his wife Xu died. 40 years old, 1732, Lunzi was in Yongzheng for ten years. In autumn, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination, and won the prize with the Voice of Denan Weijie. At the age of 43, in February of the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, she was engaged to Raowu, a girl from the northern suburb of Yangzhou, and was named "Xijiangyue". 44-year-old, 1736 Chen Bing, from February to March of the first year of Qianlong, went to Beijing to take the exam, and was the 88th Jinshi of China Erjia. Forty-five-year-old, a pawn of nursing fee, recovered from Cheng's support, Nora's. 50-year-old, 1742, Ren Xuren, worked for seven years, was appointed as the county magistrate of Fan County in the spring, and also served as the county magistrate in the summer. My 52-year-old concubine has a baby. At the age of 54, he changed from Fan County to Wei County and was re-elected for seven years. At the end of 60, he was dismissed as a county magistrate. At the age of 63, he and Li He made Three Friends. 73-year-old, wrote "Bamboo Stone Map" in April, and "Xiuzhu Niigata Map" on May 3. 1765 (thirty years of Qianlong) died of illness in Qingyuan, xinghua city, on December 12, 1998, leaving no children. Adopted by his son Zheng Tian, he was buried in Ruanzhuang (now Ruancun, Daduo Town) in the east of the city. Banqiao's "Living in Idleness" says: "Jing's wife rubs the inkstone and grinds new ink, while weak women learn regular script with stationery". Legend has it that Banqiao studied books, mistakenly referring to respectful practice on Xu at night. Xu said, "Everyone has his own body." This sentence touched Banqiao, so he learned half from ancient books and left half, and founded "Six Books and a Half". According to Seven Songs, at the age of 30, Xu gave birth to two girls and one son, and another girl. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, namely 1732, Zheng Banqiao, with the help of his friends, went to take the exam and won the prize. In the first year of Qianlong, that is, 1736, he was once again a scholar, and five years later he was appointed as the county magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province. Fan County is located on the north bank of the Yellow River with a population of 100,000, but there are only 40 or 50 families in the county, which is not as big as a village. On his first day in office, Zheng Banqiao made a strange move: people made many holes in the wall of the county government. Others don't understand, ask him, he said that this is the bad habits and vulgarity of former officials. Five years later, Zheng Banqiao was transferred to the county magistrate of wei county. In order to be close to the people, every time he goes out to patrol, he doesn't set up the sign of "avoidance" and "silence", and he is not allowed to sound the gong to clear the way. Sometimes I wear clothes and sandals and visit the poor incognito. Once when I went out at night, I heard a sound of reading coming from the thatched cottage. At first glance, it turned out that a poor young man named Han Mengzhou was studying hard. Zheng Banqiao supported him with his own money. Later, Han Mengzhou took part in the imperial examination and won the Jinshi. Because Zheng Banqiao lost his only son, he always visited orphans and tried his best to help them. On rainy days, the children in the county school couldn't go home from school, so he asked someone to send meals, and thinking that children would easily break their shoes when they walked on dirt roads, he asked someone to find some old shoes for them to wear. In the case of famine, Zheng Banqiao reported the facts and urged people to help. He also ordered wealthy families to take turns to provide porridge for hungry people. He also took the lead in donating his salary. He carved a seal that said, "I can't wait to fill the global hunger debt." When the disaster was serious, he resolutely decided to open an official warehouse and borrow food from the people to save the emergency. His subordinates advised him to be cautious, because he would be punished if he opened the official warehouse without approval. Zheng Banqiao said: "Before the approval, people would have starved to death. This responsibility will be borne by me alone! " Zheng Banqiao's decisiveness saved many lives. In autumn, if the people can't return the food in a disaster year, Zheng Banqiao simply let people burn the bonds, and the people are very grateful that he is an honest official who loves the people like a child. Zheng Banqiao did not talk about ostentation and extravagance as an official, which also brought him some troubles. Because he often goes to the countryside to observe the people's feelings, his superiors often can't find him when they visit, and it is inevitable to ask questions. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, a great disaster occurred in wei county. Zheng Banqiao's application for relief angered his boss, and as a result, he was fired. Before he left, everyone came to see him off. Zheng Banqiao hired three donkeys, one riding by himself, one leading the way and the other carrying luggage. I have been a county magistrate for twelve years, but I am so clean. The people who saw me off were very moved and reluctant to part. Zheng Banqiao presented a painting to the people of Wei County as a souvenir, and wrote a poem with the inscription: Throw away the black veil, not be an official, the sleeves are cold. Write a thin bamboo and use it as a fishing rod on the autumn wind river. From then on, Zheng Banqiao returned to his hometown, painting bamboo for a living, and lived a poor and noble life. He only painted orchids, bamboos and stones all his life. He believes that the blue flowers will not fade at four o'clock, the bamboo sea will last forever, and the stone sea will not fall. This coincides with his stubborn character. His paintings are usually just a few bamboos, a stone and some pens. The composition is simple, but the layout is clever, and the thick and thin ink gives a three-dimensional impression. Bamboo leaves and orchid leaves are hooked. Although there is only one black one, it can make people feel the vitality of orchid bamboo. -Source Encyclopedia