For everything, only love is the best teacher, which far exceeds the sense of responsibility.

-Einstein

Brief introduction to life

1March, 879 14 was born in Ulm, Germany, a small business owner's family. A year later, my family and I moved to Munich. 1894, his family moved to Milan, Italy. From 65438 to 0895, he transferred to the state middle school in Arau, Switzerland. 1896 entered the normal department of Zurich University of Technology to study physics, 1900 graduated. 190 1 acquired Swiss nationality. 1902 After graduating from university, I was unable to enter academic institutions. He just found a temporary job as an examiner in Bern, Switzerland, and was hired as a technician in Bern, Switzerland, engaged in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. But there, Einstein's scientific passion stifled by formal education finally reappeared in Generation, and his relaxed work allowed Einstein to continue to devote himself to scientific research. He used his spare time to do scientific research. 1905, Einstein, who was nearly 26 years old, published three papers in succession (light quantum, Brownian motion and special relativity), and made historic achievements in three different fields of physics, especially the establishment of special relativity and the proposal of light quantum theory, which promoted the revolution of physics theory. In the same year, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Zurich with his thesis "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size". Einstein was a part-time lecturer at Berne University from 65438 to 0908. 1909 left the patent office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. 191/kloc-0 was a professor of theoretical physics at the Deutschland University in Prague, and 19 12 was a professor at his alma mater, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. 19 14 years, at the invitation of Max Planck and Walter Nernst, he returned to Germany as the director of the Royal Institute of Physics William and a professor at the University of Berlin until 1933. 1920 At the invitation of Hendrick Antoine Lorenz and paul ehrenfest, he was also distinguished professor of Leiden University in the Netherlands. After the outbreak of World War I, he devoted himself to public and underground anti-war activities. Einstein published his general theory of relativity in 19 15. His prediction that light will bend after passing through the gravitational field of the sun was confirmed by the observation of the total solar eclipse by British astronomer arthur stanley eddington in 19 19. 19 16 The gravitational wave he predicted was also confirmed in 1978. Einstein and relativity have become household names in the west, but they have also attracted vicious attacks from chauvinists, militarists and anti-Semitists in Germany and other countries. 19 17, Einstein put forward the theory of stimulated radiation, which became the theoretical basis of laser. Einstein was awarded the 192 1 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on photoelectric effect. 1933 1 10 After the Nazi Party seized the German regime in October, Einstein was the primary object of persecution in the scientific community. Fortunately, he was giving a lecture in America at that time and was not killed. Returning to Europe in March, he took refuge in Belgium. On September 9, he found himself being followed by the Gestapo who planned to assassinate him. He crossed the ocean in the starry night, transferred to Princeton University in the United States in June 5438+10, and served as a professor in the newly-built Institute for Advanced Studies until his retirement in June 5438 +0945. 1940 Obtaining American citizenship. 1939, he was told that uranium nuclear fission and its chain reaction were discovered. Under the impetus of Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt and suggested developing an atomic bomb to prevent the Germans from taking the lead. On the eve of the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Einstein was strongly dissatisfied with this. After the war, the United States waged unremitting struggles and launched a peaceful movement against the dangers of nuclear war and fascism. Einstein died of ruptured aortic aneurysm at Princeton. According to his will, there will be no funeral, no grave, no monument, and the ashes will be scattered in a place that will always be kept secret, and no place will be sacred. Einstein spent the rest of his life exploring the theory of grand unification, but this work has never been successful. Now the grand unified theory is the central issue in theoretical physics research. 1955 In April, Einstein signed the Russell-Einstein Declaration on his deathbed, calling on people to unite and prevent the outbreak of a new world war. Einstein was not only a great scientist but also a pacifist. He witnessed the destruction of human civilization in two world wars and thought that peace was the primary problem of mankind. 1999 Time Magazine selected him as the man of the century. The objective existence of atoms and molecules made the German chemist ostwald, who was the most firmly opposed to atomism, take the initiative to declare that "the atomic hypothesis has become a scientific theory with a solid foundation" in 1908. 1In June, 905, Einstein finished his long paper "On Electrodynamics of Moving Objects", which initiated a new era of physics and put forward the special theory of relativity completely. This is the result of Einstein's ten-year exploration, which largely solved the crisis of classical physics at the end of 19, changed the space-time view of Newtonian mechanics, exposed the equivalence of matter and energy, and created a brand-new world of physics, which is the greatest revolution in the field of modern physics. 1905 In September, Einstein wrote a short article, is the inertia of an object related to the energy it contains? ",as an inference of relativity. Mass-energy equivalence is the theoretical basis of nuclear physics and particle physics, and it also paved the way for the release and utilization of nuclear energy in the 1940s. In this short period of six months, Einstein's breakthrough achievements in science can be said to be "unprecedented". Even if he gave up physics research, even if he only accomplished any of the above three achievements, Einstein would leave an extremely important mark on the history of physics development. Einstein dispelled the "dark clouds in the clear sky of physics" and ushered in a more brilliant new era of physics.