Lao zi Lao zi
(about 5765438 BC +0 ~ 4765438 BC +0), the word Bo Yang, posthumous title Yong, also known as Li Er (in ancient times, "old" and "Li" were homonyms; "Stigma" and "ear" are synonyms. Qu (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province) is a native of the ancient county of Chu. He was once the "treasurer" of the Zhou Dynasty, one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in China, and was honored as the ancestor of Taoism and a world cultural celebrity. Laozi's thought advocates "inaction", and Laozi uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe. This is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "independence and no danger". The book Laozi contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and the "movement of Tao" can be transformed from opposition, "what is right is strange, what is good is evil" and "what is bad is good, and what is bad is hidden". He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", and "being and nothing" are the foundation, and "everything in the world is born of something and born of nothing". "The way of heaven, the loss is more than enough, but the way of man is not, and the loss is not enough"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" . His theory has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its contents are mainly found in the book Laozi. His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school he founded not only made important contributions to the development of China's ancient ideology and culture, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ideology and culture for more than two thousand years. Some people think that Lao Laizi is also a Chu. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote 15 books to promote Taoism. Some people think it is Zhou Taishi (dān), who lived 100 years after the death of Confucius. Sima Qian, a famous historian, explained in Historical Records of Laozi's Biography of Han Fei that there were two kinds of speculations about Laozi at that time. "Or: Lao Laizi is also Lao Laizi, who wrote fifteen books for the use of Taoism and was contemporary with Confucius." At that time, Sima Qian also suspected that Laozi was an old laizi. Not the founder of Taoism. Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching, is also known as Tao Te Ching. 1973, the silk book Laozi was unearthed from Mawanghan Tomb, which brought unprecedented dawn to the study of old learning for thousands of years. There are two versions of the silk book Laozi, with the German article in the front and the Taoist article in the back. Especially in the second edition, the words "morality" and "Tao" are obviously separated after the two articles. This makes it clear that since Wei and Jin Dynasties, it has been called Tao Te Ching by mistake, and the arrangement order of German articles and Taoist articles is reversed. Laozi's Tao Te Ching, which was found in the Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave, is mostly composed of upper and lower parts, without chapters, which is different from the order of the upper and lower volumes of Tao Te Ching (the Tao Ching is in the front and the latter is in the back, with a total of 8 1 chapter). In the 1970s, Laozi and the Classic of Virtue and Daoism unearthed from Mawangdui bamboo slips and silk books were the editions of Emperor Wendi in Chinese twenty years ago (AD 168), which were eight or nine hundred years earlier than Dunhuang manuscripts, and the German works came after the former ones. It can be seen that Laozi's Classic of Virtue and Taoism is an old biography since the Warring States Period, which accords with Laozi's original intention of returning morality to Taoism and returning morality to Taoism. Dunhuang manuscripts, bamboo slips of Mount Li and silk books of Mawanghandui all keep this true face and are the best materials for studying Laozi. Not only that, Han Feizi's Jie Lao and Yu Lao in the pre-Qin period also said that morality comes first. It can be seen that Laozi before Wei and Jin Dynasties is actually a classic of morality and Taoism, which not only has moral connotation, but also contains the profound artistic conception of morality returning to Taoism and cultivating Taoism with morality.
Landlord, give some experience.