1929 65438+1October 15. Martin Luther king Jr. was born in a small Victorian building at 50 1 Auburn Street, Atlanta, USA. His father is a priest and his mother is a teacher. He learned how to love, sympathize and understand others from his mother. I learned courage, strength, frankness and frankness from my father. However, living in a slum, he also felt the dignity of his personality and the pain of being black. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, smart and studious Jin entered Morehouse College with excellent results to study sociology, and then obtained a bachelor's degree in literature.
Although the American economy developed rapidly after the war, its powerful political and military forces made it the top spot in the "free world". But black people in China are discriminated and oppressed economically and politically. Facing the ugly reality, King decided to be a priest for social equality and justice. He studied at Kraze Theological Seminary and Boston University successively. After receiving his doctorate in theology at 1955, he went to work as a pastor at Dex Christian Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.
195565438+In February, Montgomery Day police arrested Rosa parks, a black woman, for violating the bus seat segregation regulations. Jin Sui and several black activists organized Montgomery Municipal Improvement Association, calling on nearly 50,000 blacks in the city to boycott public laws and companies 1 year, forcing the court to decide to cancel the seat segregation on local transportation. This is the first time that the black people in the southern United States won the struggle by their own strength, which opened the prelude to the civil rights movement that lasted for more than 10 years, and also made Dr. King the leader of the civil rights movement.
1On April 4th, 968, Kim was assassinated by a racist.
The United States government stipulates that the third Monday in June of 1 is Martin Luther King Memorial Day, starting from 1986. ..
On Non-violence Advocacy
Martin Luther King, who grew up with racism, was deeply hurt by racism, so he actively participated in the struggle against apartheid. But what he advocated was non-violent struggle, which really had ideological reasons. He was deeply influenced by Gandhi and Christianity and was a typical pacifist. He stressed that in the struggle for freedom and equal rights for blacks, we should not do illegal things, and we should not let "creative protests degenerate into violent acts", but must have the lofty realm of "using spiritual strength to deal with force". In his view, the spiritual strength here is to influence black enemies with "fraternity" and "kindness" advocated by Christianity to make them put down their butcher knives.
The reason why Jin has this idea is directly related to his study in his youth. When he was studying at crozet College in Pennsylvania, he used his spare time to read famous theological works-books written by people about faith, and philosophical works-books about lifestyle. They were deeply impressed by the ideas in these books and finally put them into practice. But what excites Martin Luther King most is the thought of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's non-violence, or the philosophy of spiritual power, is the spiritual pillar for the Indian people to resist the political and military forces of British imperialism. The Indian people have been holding demonstrations against foreign political rule, regardless of whether such rule is well-intentioned or not. Whether right or wrong, they have to make their own decisions.
Gandhi said that although they must be prepared to sacrifice their lives for independence, they must never kill for it-no matter how rudely they are treated.
Martin began to believe that victory could be achieved in India as well as in the United States. He led a large-scale civil rights movement based on the principle of non-violence with his own actions.
The background of this speech
In the southern United States in the 1950s, it was like a prison for "liberated" blacks. Alabama is the state with the most rampant racial discrimination. Here, black people's right to vote is brutally deprived and restricted, and appalling lynching atrocities continue to occur. The apartheid system prevents blacks from going to school with whites, worshipping in the same church, entering white hotels, inns, restaurants and entertainment places, and even setting fences at bus stops to stipulate that whites and blacks get on the bus separately.
Martin Luther King, a young black priest who grew up with racial discrimination, participated in and led the anti-racial discrimination movement of black people boycotting buses in Montgomery from 65438 to 0955, and finally forced the Supreme Court of the United States to make a decision to cancel this system. 1963, he organized a large-scale demonstration of Birmingham blacks for freedom and equal rights, which pushed the black movement from the south to the north. On August 28th, the struggle reached its climax. 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C., and held a "free March" demonstration by peaceful assembly. Just in front of the Lincoln Memorial, Martin Luther King gave an exciting speech to the demonstrators. In his speech, he expressed his non-violent thoughts and his pursuit and vision for freedom, equality and justice.