Zhongyan history
The predecessor of Zhongyan is China Salt Company, which was established in February 1950. It is directly managed by the Central Ministry of Trade (later changed to the Ministry of Commerce), mainly engaged in the procurement, transportation, allocation, sales, storage and export of salt products in North China, East China and Central South China, and under the authorization of the Central Ministry of Trade, it leads and manages the salt trade of wholesale private businessmen. 1954 was placed under the management of the Central Ministry of Light Industry.
Uncovering the History of China Salt Industry 1965 In February, in order to implement a highly centralized and unified management of salt production and marketing and break the boundaries between regions and departments, the central government established the National Salt Industry Trust on the basis of China Salt Industry Company, and the State Council authorized the centralized and unified management of the national salt industry. That year, Bo Yibo served as the deputy director of the State Planning Commission, and the Party Committee of the Ministry of Light Industry made a report on the pilot salt tray and future opinions to Bo Yibo and the Central Committee.
1968, Salt Trust was forced to disintegrate. 1980, China Salt Industry Company was renamed China National Salt Industry Corporation. In 2000, it was placed under the management of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), and it was a large state-owned enterprise.
Zhongyan: Another PetroChina?
China has a history of more than 1000 years. 1990 and 1996, respectively, the State Council issued the Regulations on Salt Industry Management and the Measures for Salt Franchise to regulate and adjust the salt industry. Based on these two documents, China has formed a monopoly system from China National Salt Corporation to provincial salt companies in the field of salt wholesale. The monopoly formed by this monopoly system belongs to the state monopoly and is usually regarded as a legal monopoly.
In 2004, the annual output of China National Salt was150,000 tons, accounting for 18% of the national output. Salt production is 2.8 million tons, accounting for 30% of China's output; The annual sales of salt is 6.5438+0.6 million tons, covering 420 million people in China, accounting for 36% of the land area, with total assets of 3.7 billion, 46 holding subsidiaries and more than 53,000 employees.
20 1 1 At the end of the year, the annual output of salt from China National Salt Corporation was14.62 million tons, ranking second in the world, and the supply, transportation and sales of salt accounted for 37.85% of the national territory. The scale of total assets has grown to 43.6 billion yuan, with 47 wholly-owned and holding subsidiaries and more than 55,000 employees.
By the end of September of 20 13, the total revenue of China tobacco reached 20.407 billion yuan, an increase of only 979 million yuan. Operating profit, total profit and net profit are all losses, of which the net profit attributable to the owners of the parent company is 428 million yuan, compared with the loss of 65.438+0.565438 billion yuan in the same period last year, and the government subsidized 236 million yuan.
Judging from the data of the past nearly 10 years, the profit scale of China National Salt, which is in a monopoly position, has not increased, but has lost money, and it needs financial subsidies to survive. This situation is no different from most state-owned enterprises such as PetroChina and Sinopec.
China Tobacco has been monopolized by shelling for many times.
If China Tobacco is positioned as a service-oriented state-owned enterprise, then the loss is excusable. However, from the perspective of official website, it has two major tasks: first, to be stronger and better, and to maintain and increase the value of state-owned assets; The second is to undertake the production and operation tasks of national salt monopoly and ensure the supply of qualified iodized salt nationwide.
Assets have been preserved and increased, but the supply of qualified iodized salt in China has not been guaranteed.
In May 2009, led by the Ministry of Health, a low-key survey on iodine nutrition status of residents in coastal areas was conducted in Zhejiang, Liaoning, Fujian and Shanghai. The results show that iodized salt, which was originally used to prevent big neck disease, leads to excessive iodine content in the public, which poses great health risks. This result has caused serious doubts about the national iodized salt policy.
On July 26th, 20 10, the Ministry of Health announced the national food safety standard "Iodine content in edible salt (draft for comment)", which acknowledged that excessive iodine threatened health and suggested reducing the iodine content in salt. Previously, China adjusted the iodine content in salt three times. The repeated adjustment of iodized salt content has exposed the disadvantages of "one size fits all" iodine content caused by salt monopoly. Today, "we should eat non-iodized salt" and "iodine supplementation should be refined", and these voices are still there.
Not only that, the high salt price in the market caused by the monopoly of China National Salt Company has also been widely criticized.
From June, 5438 to October, 2008/KLOC-0, Mao Xiang submitted "About the Right to Claim &; lt； Measures for salt monopoly &; gt； Legitimacy review proposal, arguing that the Measures for Salt Monopoly promulgated by 1996 is suspected of violating the Anti-Monopoly Law.
In 2009, Oriental Public Welfare Legal Aid sued Beijing Salt Industry for monopoly profiteering, which was not accepted by the court and was later dropped. In 2009, Chen Guowei, supervisor of the Enterprise Supervisory Board of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, criticized the salt monopoly: the reform of China's salt monopoly system should be accelerated to break the monopoly of state-owned enterprises, but China National Salt Industry Corporation blocked this reform.
Zhang Chunxiao, a professor at the National School of Administration, once wrote that China's salt industry system does not distinguish between government and enterprise, and franchise rights and supervision rights are combined into one, which leads to the expansion of franchise rights and weakening of supervision in many places.
Where is China Tobacco going?
The monopoly of Zhongyan on the whole industry of salt production, wholesale and retail does not guarantee the safety of Chinese people's code, but it also creates sky-high salt. I can't help asking, how much corruption and gray income has not been exposed in China Tobacco? What's the difference between Zhongyan and PetroChina? What is the significance of China Tobacco's continued monopoly?
20 13 China salt industry co., ltd was established under the background that the third plenary session of the 18th CPC central Committee proposed the reform of state-owned enterprises. Will the first modern company named after the Chinese prefix of ancient salt industry follow the example of PetroChina to break the monopoly?