1955 12.5 a black woman was sentenced to two years in prison for refusing to give up her seat to a white man, and Rosa parks, a civil rights activist, refused to abide by the apartheid policy on the Montgomery bus. Later, black residents launched a bus boycott movement and elected Kim as the leader of their new form of Montgomery Rights Promotion Association. The bus boycott lasted for a year from 65438 to 0956, and Martin Luther King became famous in World War I.. 1956, 16 In February, the United States Supreme Court declared the laws of racial segregation in Alabama unconstitutional, and the regulations of racial segregation on buses in Montgomery City were also abolished.
In order to seek the further development after Montgomery's victory, Martin Luther King and other southern black leaders established the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference on 1957. From 65438 to 0959, Martin Luther King went to India, further developing Gandhi's non-violent strategy. At the end of that year, Martin Luther King resigned from Dexter and returned to Atlanta to become a ebenezer Baptist pastor with his father.
1960, black college students began a wave of sit-in protests, which promoted the formation of the student non-violence coordination Committee. Martin Luther King supported the student movement and showed interest in creating a youth chapter of the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference. Student activists admired him, but they were dissatisfied with Martin Luther King's top-down leadership style and decided to gain autonomy. As an adviser to the Student Non-violence Coordination Committee, Ella Baker, who was the deputy director of the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference, explained to representatives of other civil rights organizations that the Student Non-violence Coordination Committee would remain a student-led organization. In the "hitchhiking movement" of 196 1, Martin Luther King was criticized for refusing to participate in the activity, which aggravated his tension with young radicals. The contradiction between the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference and the Student Non-violence Coordination Committee continued in the Albany Movement until 196 1 and 1962. With 1963 becoming Time Magazine's Person of the Year and 1964 winning the Nobel Peace Prize, the popularity of Martin Luther King continued to rise. However, in addition to fame and praise, there are also contradictions within the leadership of the movement. Malcolm x's thought of self-defense and black nationalism resonated in the north, and the power of urban blacks surpassed King's call for non-violence. At the same time, King had to face public criticism from Stokely Carmichael, the founder of the "Black Power" movement.
20 1 1 On August 28th, the memorial statue of Martin Luther King was unveiled in national mall. Previously, only several famous presidents in American history, such as Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Roosevelt, had memorial statues here. Martin Luther King was the first civilian politician who was a social critic before his death and the first memorial hall for African-American political leaders, which was of great significance. Why can he win a prominent position with these famous presidents? It was he who defended the basic values of freedom, equality, democracy and justice in the Declaration of Independence and the Federal Charter by peaceful struggle, which made him, like these presidents, widely respected by the American people and well-known in American history. 1967, the inter-ethnic violence in the city escalated, and Edgar Hoover, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, took the opportunity to strengthen the comprehensive efforts to undermine Kim's leadership. In addition, King's public criticism of the US involvement in the Vietnam War strained his relationship with the lyndon johnson administration.
1967 17 In February, Martin Luther King launched a campaign to fight economic problems for the poor, which was not supported by early civil rights reformers. The following year, during a strike in Memphis in support of cleaning workers, he delivered his final speech "I have reached the top". 1968 was assassinated by a racist on the second floor of the Lorraine motel in Memphis, Tennessee on the evening of April 4, at the age of 39.