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The Process and Result of Huang Chao Uprising
Huang Chao Uprising refers to the popular uprising led by Huang Chao during the five to four years of Ganfu, which is the follow-up of Wang Xianzhi Uprising. It was also the longest, widest and most far-reaching peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. The Huang Chao Rebellion hit nearly half of the Tang Dynasty, which led to the decline of national strength in the late Tang Dynasty.

Rebel against the Tang dynasty

Huang Chao initially attacked Yizhou in the east; Turn to Shandong, Henan and other places and capture eight counties such as Yangzhai and Tancheng; Advance into Ruzhou. In September of the third year, Fu conquered Ruzhou, killed General Dong of Tang Dynasty, captured Governor Zhi of Ruzhou, and directed at Luoyang, the eastern capital. Wang Lian is the cousin of Prime Minister Wang Duo. Wang Lian wrote a letter to Pei Rui, the secretariat of the State of Qi, expressing his willingness to accept "harness".

At the end of 2008, he was tempted to surrender and was willing to pay back blows with blows and supervise the army. Huang Chao resolutely opposed it and cursed Xian Zhi: "I made a big wish with you and went to earth. Now that you have left the post alone, what happened to the more than 5 thousand people? " Later, Xianzhi was injured in the head by a stick, and her head was broken, which made a lot of noise. After the courtship failed, Pei Le, the secretariat of the State of Qi, fled to Ezhou. Soon, the two armies split and more than 3,000 people plundered Qi from Xianzhi. Huang Chao led two thousand troops to the north.

In February of the fourth year of Fu, Huang Chao led an army to capture Yunzhou and killed Xue Chong, our time. In March, Yizhou broke again. Kenji once attacked Ezhou, and Wang and Huang jointly attacked Songzhou, and soon split. Kenji turned to Yingzhou, and Tang Xuanzong recruited Yang, the deputy supervisor, to persuade him to surrender. Kenji sent businessmen, Chu and others to negotiate surrender, but they were hijacked by Tang Zhaoping on the way. He was wrongly reported because he was insatiable, and the merchant transferred him.

After the "killing", the imperial court suppressed "reactive power", relieved him of his military power, promoted Zeng to be the ambassador, and transferred me to make Gao Pian to Jingnan as the ambassador. At the beginning of five years, Wang Xianzhi army attacked Luocheng and Jingnan. Due to the arrival of Shatuo reinforcements, Jiangling was burned and went to China. In February of the fifth year of Fu, after Huangmei was defeated, he was killed by Zeng, and the rest rushed to Bozhou to take refuge in Huang Chao, and was promoted to Huang Chao, calling himself "General Tengfei", and then moved to Huanghuai Valley and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

South of the Yangtze river

In March of the fifth year of Fu, Huang Chao army attacked Bianzhou and Songzhou. For the southeast, Zhang Zimian was blocked by the battalion and turned to Weinan, Yexian and Yangzhai. The court recruited 3000 soldiers to guard the east. Huang Chao led the army to cross the river south, echoed the old army from a distance, and captured Rao, Xin and other states. In February of the same year, he entered Fuzhou and transferred to Guangdong.

In October of Fu's sixth year, the peasant uprising army conquered Guangzhou and captured me and made Li Tiao alive. After resting in Guangzhou for two months, the insurgents were supplemented by personnel and armed forces. At this time, Huang Chao issued the political declaration of the Northern Expedition in the name of "Ten Commandments", and put forward the specific political proposition of "forbidding the secretariat to farm land and making the county magistrate insurrection". Send troops north.

Support the northern expedition

Because of the hot and humid climate in mountainous areas, there are many malaria patients in Huang Chao's army, and the generals "urged them to return to the north to make big profits". Peasant army morale is low, Huang Chao is determined to return to the north. Yes, a raft

At this time, the peasant army went south to Yongzhou and Hengzhou and arrived at the gates of Tanzhou. Li got a fright and closed the gate. Huang Chao to fight, a day in Tanzhou. One hundred thousand people in Tang Jun are infected with Xiangjiang River. Let 50 troops advance into Jiangling, and the king will seize Xiangyang, while Huang Chao will occupy Jiangling without bloodshed and go north to Xiangyang. Liu Jurong, commander of Shandong Road, joined hands with Cao Quanke, the secretariat of Zizhou, and made a major breakthrough in Jingmen. Seven of the ten prisoners were cut, and Huang Chao and Jean Jean Jean crossed the river with the rest. At this point, Liu Jurong stopped his offensive with "no letter from the court". When Cao Quanke was about to cross the river, the court ordered Taining to ask Duan to replace Cao Quanke. The imperial edict appointed Duan as the secretariat of Langzhou. Huang Chao plundered fifteen states including Jiangxi, Rao, Xin, Chi and Xuan.

In March of the first year of Ming Dynasty, Gao Pian sent soldiers Zhang Lin to cross the river to attack Huang Chao, and Huang Chao retreated to Raozhou. Zhang Lin went after them, and in May, Huang Chao retreated to Xinzhou. In spring and summer, the epidemic in Lingnan caused heavy losses to Huang Chao's army. "The deceased was thirteen or fourteen years old", and Zhang Lin gave chase. Huang Chao surrendered, bribed Zhang Lin with a lot of gold and begged him to show mercy. Gao Pian went to court, claiming that Huang Chao's army "has been uneven for several days, so please send troops home". Prime Minister Xie Lu dismissed all Tang soldiers in the name of the imperial court. Huang Chao learned that Tang Daobing was crossing the Huaihe River in the north and immediately broke up with Gao Pian. In May, he went north again and attacked Zhou Mu and Wuzhou. Zhang Lin died in Xinzhou. In June, Chizhou, Zhou Mu and Wuzhou were successively conquered.

In August of the first year of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Chao defeated Cao Quansheng, crossed the Huaihe River, and Huaibei was in an emergency. Gao Pian was awed by its power and stayed in Yangzhou to preserve his strength. In October, Huang Chao captured Shenzhou and entered Yingzhou, Songzhou, Xuzhou and Yanzhou. In November, Huang Chao went to Ruzhou, and on 17th, Luoyang, the eastern capital, was captured. Liu stayed and led the officials to meet him. More than ten days later, the troops marched west from Luoyang and fought fiercely for only six days. Tongguan was captured on December 3, Huazhou was captured on December 4, and then hegemony was achieved. On the fifth day, he fled to Chengdu, Sichuan with eunuch Tian and others. Tian was afraid that Nuozong would be held accountable, and he was responsible for it himself, and was demoted as a prince. Lu died of medicine.

Emperor Chang 'an

In the first year of Zhonghe, Huang Chao's army entered Chang 'an, and General Zhang Zhifang, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, led the crowd to welcome Huang Chao's army into the city, saying, "Follow the crowd and don't rob the rich." . After entering the city, the military discipline was strict. He told the city people: "It is a pity that Li doesn't love grass, but it is happy to be like grass. Distribute the property to the poor, and the people attend and welcome it.

In November of the first year of Ming dynasty, it was established in Hanyuantang, and the Daqi regime was established, with the title of Jin Tong. Former North Korean officials keep the following four grades, leaving the rest alone. Shang let Qiu be the secretariat and assistant minister, and changed Hong to assistant minister, and Pi Rixiu to Hanlin. Soon, his men "killed people all over the street, but the nest could not be banned." Several people in Tangmen stayed in Chang 'an, and the officials in Tangmen could not live without fear. "Fu Qin Yin" words: "Huaxuan embroidered hub are sold, not half.

In the second year of neutralization, Tang Xizong, Sichuan counterattacked. In September, Zhu Wen, the general of the Qi army, surrendered to Tang Jun during the battle with Wang Chongrong in Tongzhou, and was appointed as General You Jinwu and given the name Quan Zhong. More than 10,000 people in Tang Jun went south, and Zhao Zhang, the general of the Qi army, died, while Huazhou and Lantian were successively lost. Huang Chao withdrew from Chang 'an in April of the third year of Zhonghe and fled to Shangshan, discarding gold and jewels along the way. Tang Jun is not in a hurry to chase after treasure. Meng Jie, the general of Qi, led his army to attack Cai Zhou. Tang Jun commander-in-chief Qin Zongquan was defeated and surrendered. In June, he surrounded Chen Zhou. Zhao Jian, the Secretariat, met with stubborn resistance, fought hundreds of battles and failed to attack its city. Qi Mengkai was captured and sacrificed on his way to Henan. When Huang Chao heard that Meng Jie had been killed, he was very angry and his troops were eager to settle down. He "dug five deep trenches and attacked with all his might" and vowed to avenge Meng Jie. In order to cope with the food of the whole army, Huang Chao ate human flesh and started hundreds of sledgehammers at the same time, becoming a human flesh workshop to supply rations. All men, women and children, regardless of age, are included in the sledgehammer, which is called "Kampong Mill Village".

Huang Chao lived in Chen Zhou for a few days or three hundred days and ate hundreds of thousands of people. In nearby Xihua, Tang Jun and Huang were defeated and the Qi army retreated. The siege of Chenzhou has been solved. Huang Chao led the troops to Bianzhou, but the five thousand elite still failed to catch up with the girder.

In the spring of the fourth year of Zhonghe, Li Keyong led the troops to cross the river by 50,000, and defeated the Qi army in Taikang, Bianhe and Wangmandu. Huang Chao had to move to Shandong. In March of the same year, Zhu Wen defeated Huang Chao in Wang Mandu, and Shu, Ge, Huo Cun, Zhang Guiba and Zhang Guihou of Huang Chao surrendered to Zhu Wen. But the remnants of Huang Chao fled to the northeast, and Li Ke was used to seal the mound. It rained, and nearly a thousand troops from Huang Chao arrived in Yanzhou. "Dick fought day and night, but he didn't get a nest of food and grass, but he came back." On June 15th, Wuning appointed Pu to lead ten thousand troops and then surrendered.

June, 2008 17 "When Huang Chao entered Mount Tai, Pu met him and ordered a group of people to arrest him. When we get to the Wolf and Tiger Valley, the lair will chop up his lair and his second brother Ye Yi and send them to Xuzhou. " Nie Jianguang, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in 254 years of Zi Tongzhi's Brief Volume: "Huang Chao died in the south of Jiuding Mountain in Taishan Mountain, and there was a big burial, commonly known as Huang Chao's tomb." According to The Story of Mount Tai Daoli, the "one-nest dispute" refers to Lin Yan's saying, "If you marry me first, you will get rich and not benefit others. Words, nest nephews, can't bear it; The Bird's Nest committed suicide. " According to Shao Bo's Biography of Huang Chao in the New Tang Dynasty, in June of the fourth year in Zhonghe, Tang Shi, Shipu took Huang Chao as its ally, which is false. It is said that Huang Chao is immortal in both the East and the West. He was anxious to give in. He was trapped in the Wolf-Tiger Valley of Mount Tai. He became a monk, so he had to get rid of himself. He went to Henan to vote for tickets. So when afraid to recognize each other, but let nanzenji speak for himself. "Shaowen, Henan Province after Pottery Art" also records that "Huang Chao fled and later wished to be a pagoda, with a poetic cloud; Thirty years ago, flying on the grass, wearing an iron robe, nobody asked me in Tianjin Bridge. I leaned against the dangerous fence to watch the sunset. "

Subsequent uprising

After Huang Chao's death, Huang Chao began to wander from his son Huang Hao and became a "wandering army". When Zhao Zongtian attacked Hunan in the early years of recovery, he was killed by Deng, a local tyrant in Xiangyin. At this point, the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty ended. In autumn and July of the fourth year of Zhonghe in Tang Xizong, Xianzong held a captive ceremony in Daxuan Building. Wuning of our time offered Huang Chao's head with twenty or thirty concubines in Huang Chao. "Xianzong asked:' You and Cao are proud of your son, and the world is a blessing to the country. "What is a thief?" Thorium said.