Zhou, the word jade. Researcher, male, Han nationality, 19 18 was born in April, and his native place is Tianjin. He studied in yenching university, Beijing, with a bachelor's degree in western languages and a postgraduate degree in Chinese. He has been a teacher of yenching university Western Language Department, lecturer of Foreign Languages Department of West China University and Sichuan University, editor of Classical Department of People's Literature Publishing House, member of the 58th China People's Political Consultative Conference, director of China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification, member of Chinese Writers Association and Calligraphers Association, consultant of China Rhyme Society, China Couplet Society and China Grand View Garden Cultural Association, and honorary president of China Cao Xueqin Society. 199 1, the government began to enjoy special subsidies.

Academics focus on language, poetics and endorsement, and translation between Chinese and foreign languages; I have devoted my life to reciting, studying poetry, annotation, appreciation and theory, and also studying redology. More than 20 academic works have been published, and several more are being printed. Among them, A Dream of Red Mansions is the first and representative work.

1980 went to the United States to attend the "first international symposium on a dream of red mansions"; 1984, he was appointed by the state to the Soviet Union to inspect the stones in Leningrad. 1986- 1987, awarded by the Ruth Foundation of the United States, visited the United States to give lectures for one year and served as a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin.

Monograph of A Dream of Red Mansions: A New Certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions (400,000 words), published by Shanghai Tangdi Publishing House 1953, sold three editions in March, and then updated to 800,000 words, published by People's Literature Publishing House 1976; Cao Xueqin (140000 words), published by Writers Publishing House 1964, and later updated to 200000 words of Biography of Cao Xueqin, published by Tianjin Baihua Publishing House 1980; Gong Kao (1.20 million words) was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 1.98 o; Qin Xianji (400,000 words), published by Shanxi People's Publishing House,1985; The Story of the Stone (200,000 words), co-authored with Chang, published by Bibliographic Literature Publishing House,1985; A Dream of Red Mansions and China Culture (654.38+0.80 million words) was separated from Dongda Bookstore in Taiwan Province Province in 654.38+0.989; A Dream of Red Mansions (1 10000 words), published by Heilongjiang People's Publishing House (1989); Gong and a Dream of Red Mansions (200,000 words), published by Beijing Yanshan Publishing House 1992; The new biography of Cao Xueqin (230,000 words), published by foreign languages press1992; The Art of the Red Chamber (654.38+0.90 million words), published by People's Literature Publishing House in 654.38+0.995; The true story of a dream of red mansions (270,000 words), published by Huayi Publishing House,1995; A Dream of Red Mansions is 654.38+0.20 million words, published by Beijing Library Press in 654.38+0.998; Zhou Hongloumeng Anthology (654.38+0.84 million words), 654.38+0.998, published by Huayi Publishing House; The first person with romantic literary talent (250,000 words), published by Oriental Publishing House 1999.

Academic monograph: Selected Poems of Fan Chengda (220,000 words), published by People's Literature Publishing House 1959 and 1997; Selected Poems of Bai Juyi (200,000 words), co-authored by others, published by Writers Publishing House 1962 and People's Literature Publishing House 1997; Selected Works of Yang Wanli (280,000 words), published by Zhonghua Book Company 1962, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1979 and Hebei Education Publishing House 1999; Questions and Answers on Calligraphy Art (80,000 words), published by Zhonghua Book Company 1980, Culture and Art Publishing House 1982; Appreciation of Poetry (200,000 words), published by Guangdong People's Publishing House 1987; "East is red? Everyone series? Weekly volume (280,000 words), published by 1999 Chinese Publishing House; Contemporary scholars choose their own libraries? Weekly volume (540,000 words), published by Ange Education Press on 1999.

Other achievements: 40 figure paintings of stone, published by People's Fine Arts Publishing House 1979; Hua Qingying (230,000 words), published by Shanghai Oriental Publishing House Center,1997; The Legend of Rouge Rice (185000 words), published by Chinese Press 1998; A Collection of Mo and niles (308,000 words), published by Shanxi Education Press 1998; The Story of Zhi Xuexuan (654.38+0.80 million words), published by Shanghai People's Publishing House (654.38+0.999).

In addition, the editor-in-chief of A Dream of Red Mansions Dictionary and China Ministry of Contemporary Culture? Dream of Red Mansions; Revise the new editions of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, A Dream of Red Mansions and Selected Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, and write a preface; China Ancient Literature Dictionary, Tang and Song Poetry Appreciation Dictionary, Famous Poems and Songs Appreciation Dictionary, Selected Short Stories of China in Past Dynasties, Poetry and Allusions Dictionary. "A Dream of Red Mansions in Esperanto" was written with a preface. In addition, a large number of academic papers, prefaces and columns have been published in local newspapers and periodicals.

Red and Black in Zhou (Abstract)

How can a masterpiece, a solemn and stirring scholarship and a ups and downs life intersect with a deaf and blind scholar?

● Misunderstanding: Simply treating me as a red scientist is a misunderstanding of the outside world. I don't like the name "Dream of Red Mansions" very much, and I don't like the name "Dream of Red Mansions" either.

● Evidence: During the Cultural Revolution, most of my old letters with historical value were lost, but Hu Shi's six letters were well preserved because they were extremely important political evidence.

● Death: I miss things in the world, although there are so many hardships and frustrations in life. I haven't thought about death, at least I haven't had time to mention it on the agenda yet.

Red scientist week. People will think so. However, Zhou himself said, "Simply treating me as a red scientist is a misunderstanding of the outside world. I really don't like the name "Dream of Red Mansions" and I don't like the name "Dream of Red Mansions". "

This answer is very surprising. What caused him to devote all his life energy and time to the book A Dream of Red Mansions? What made him deny being a red scientist at the age of 82? Faced with this white-haired and emaciated old man, people don't know what to ask him at the moment.

The publication of "A Dream of Red Mansions" made him a hit, becoming a hot figure at that time, and also became a "red man" because of "A Dream of Red Mansions". This dream of red mansions once brought him bad luck and made him a "man in black" because of it. A Dream of Red Mansions has influenced his life, and his life experiences of "red" and "black" have changed with him. There are successes and failures; There are joys and sorrows. He has had enough of bitterness and joy, sadness and joy, glory and decline.

Cao Xueqin worked hard 10 years, shedding tears into ink and grinding blood into words, and became a dream of red mansions.

However, Zhou spent 50 years trying to complete a monograph with millions of words, and made a systematic study of China traditional culture. According to his own words, he has been studying the traditional culture of China all his life, not A Dream of Red Mansions.

To resist sound and sound

When I walked into Zhou's study, I found him lying on the table with his back to the door, so he turned a deaf ear to my arrival. Zhou's daughter stepped forward and shouted in his ear, "Here comes the guest.". He raised his head, put his hand on his ear and asked, "What did you say?" Turned to see me and smiled. He took my hand and said, "Sorry, my ears are hard to use." "It doesn't matter." I said, "I can ask questions with a note." His daughter said, "I'm afraid it's not good to use a note." He can't see in one eye at all, and the other eye has only 0.438+0 vision, which is only half an eye. " I couldn't help looking at what was written on his desk. It's full of words, but I can hardly recognize them. Zhou's daughter added, "I am the only one who can read his handwriting."

After sitting down, I began to worry about myself. I don't know how to communicate with him. In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary, because Mr. Wang is a very experienced interviewer. He asked me to sit on the sofa, pulled a small chair by himself, and sat face to face, with my knees right next to mine. He said, "Ask! You can shout in my ear, I can basically hear you. " In this way, I suddenly relaxed. This is not an interview, but a veritable heart-to-heart.

Since it was a heart-to-heart conversation, I threw aside the interview outline prepared in advance. I asked; "When did you lose your hearing?"

"That's 1954. I was transferred back to Beijing and lived in the gatehouse hutong in the north of Dongcheng. I live in the main room, with a big window in the south and a small window in the north. One day, it rained heavily and thundered. I stood by the window watching the rain. Suddenly, there was a thunderbolt. A fire dragon entered from the north window and came out from the south window. This fire dragon passed by my left ear, only one inch apart. At that time, I only felt that the sky was falling, my head rang and the world was silent. From then on, I can't hear it unless there is a thunderous sound. If you want a dragon to pass by your ear, I'm not deaf! "

After listening to the old man's story, I couldn't help showing surprise. I looked at my husband's daughter and wanted to get confirmation from her. She smiled and said, "This is only one reason, and it has something to do with getting sick when I was a child."

I asked again, "How did you lose your sight?"

"Because of long-term research work, at 1974, my eyes suddenly went blind. When Premier Zhou heard this, he kindly cared and instructed People's Literature Publishing House to find a good hospital for Zhou so that he could not be blind. Later, I found the most famous doctor in Union Medical College Hospital. Thanks to Premier Zhou and the ophthalmologist, I still have this half eye left. My eyes are not completely blind, but I can't do editing any more. "

"Since 1974, you have lost your sight and ears. What made you persist in today's cultural research? "

Laozi said, "Five colors blind, five tones deaf." . It seems that being invisible or smelling is the key to resisting sound. But although it can hide people's eyes and ears, there is still a heart! I am still unwilling to be idle, so I have to listen and watch. From 1974 to today, I have written millions of words with the efforts of this half eye. There are studies on A Dream of Red Mansions, as well as poems and calligraphy. "

At the age of 34, she changed from "red" to "black"

"What opportunity made you embark on the research road of A Dream of Red Mansions?"

"That's a coincidence, at the same time, it cannot leave hu shi.

"At that time, I was a student in yenching university. 1947 By chance, I found a poem by Cao Xueqin's good friend Dunmin in yenching university Library. This is what Mr. Hu Shi has been trying to find for many years in order to research Cao Xueqin, but he has not found it. I opened it and was surprised. There are six poems directly related to Cao Xueqin. This is not only a literary work, but also an important historical material!

So Zhou wrote the first article on A Dream of Red Mansions, which was published in the Republic of China Daily. This article leads to a good story between Zhou and Hu Shi. When Hu Shi saw Zhou's article, he was very happy and took the initiative to write a letter to Zhou, which was also published in the newspaper. This has attracted the attention of academic circles.

Zhou said: "I am very grateful to Mr. Hu Shi, but our academic views are different. Mr. Hu Shi's letter only agreed with half of my research at that time, and the other half had reservations. I was a teenager at that time, full of vigor and vitality. I don't know the vast territory and abundant resources, and my words are heavy, so I will debate with Mr. Hu Shi in another article. "

Hu Shi wrote back soon. From the winter of 1947 to the autumn of the following year, Hu Shi wrote six letters to Zhou to discuss the problem of redology. Hu Shi may not have imagined that his six letters gave a young student great encouragement and made Zhou embark on the road of redology research for half a century. I can't help but ask curiously, "Are all these letters still there?"

Zhou replied, "These letters have become cultural relics. During the Cultural Revolution, most of my old letters with historical value were lost, and Hu Liuhantong (six letters of Hu Shi) was well preserved because it was extremely important political evidence. "

Correspondence with Hu Shi became the beginning of Zhou Hongxue's research career. With the deepening of research, Zhou took the liberty of borrowing the extremely precious Jiaxu edition collected by Hu Shi.

Zhou said: "I didn't meet Hu Shi at that time. He dared to lend me such a precious collection. This was brought from the city by a gentleman named Sun Jiedi, wrapped in an old newspaper, and written in red with "From Mr. Zhou on the fourth floor of yenching university". I was a student at that time. Mr. Hu was very polite and used the word' sir'. I have always treasured this old newspaper. "

Zhou was shocked to see this book. Cao Xueqin's original work was so different from what was popular at that time. 1948 During the summer vacation, Zhou brought this wonderful book back to his hometown. When Zhou's fourth brother Zhou Kuchang saw it, he was shocked! It turns out that Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions was distorted and tampered with so badly by Cheng Yi. Unfortunately, the original paper has become yellow and brittle, which makes people unable to understand it.

"What shall we do? There's no way to study it. My brother said, OK! I am now determined to copy this book with an ink pen and a brush. There was no photocopying at that time. Unfortunately, I can't find this book now. 1949 On the eve of the liberation of Beiping, the situation was tense. I thought I still had JOE, and I was worried that if it was damaged, it could not be compensated, and it should be returned to its original owner. So I made a special trip to Khufu, Dongcheng Dongchang Hutong 1. I didn't see Hu Shi himself at that time, but a middle-aged man opened the door and called him Hu Shi's son. I gave the book to Hu Gongzi and left in a hurry. "

According to historical records, when Hu Shi left Beiping for the south, he left thousands of books at home, only two of them were taken away, one of which was Jia's Dream of Red Mansions, which was returned to him by Zhou. This shows that this book is valuable. After several years' research, Zhou completed the New Certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions with nearly 400,000 words. This book was written by his brother, Hu Zhou, and was handed over to the publishing house. 1953 After the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, it immediately caused a sensation in academic circles at home and abroad. Zhou was teaching at Sichuan University at that time. After the book was published, there was a long queue in front of Shanghai Changfeng Bookstore. The book was out of stock, and the third edition was thrown out within three months. Almost everyone has one at the Beijing Cultural Conference. Hu Shi, who is far away from the other side of the ocean, later wrote in his article: "Chang Ru's calligraphy skill is really admirable and can be regarded as my good apprentice." After the new certificate came out, Mao Zedong also read it. In Mao Zedong's reading and comments on five classic novels, he mentioned the new certificate twice.

1954 Zhou was transferred back to Beijing from Sichuan University by the Propaganda Department of the CPC and became an editor of People's Literature Publishing House. Since then, the movement to criticize Yu and Zhou has gradually escalated, and Zhou soon became a typical representative of "bourgeois Hushi school idealism". Zhou was 34 years old when he changed from "red" to "black". Interestingly, at that time, an American red scientist named Millay Hill called Zhou a "red red red scientist" in his works.

"I can't stand the dream world."

I asked with a smile, "You tell a dream of red mansions like a treasure, why don't you want people to call you a red scientist?"

"First of all, I'm not a redology person anymore. I lived overseas for one year, and after I came back from 1987, I talked with Comrade Li Xifan, then the executive vice president of the Art Research Institute, about my wishes, and I resigned. The complex relationship between people in the dream world is too demanding. I am an old scholar, and decades of experience and lessons tell me that I have no ability to deal with the interests in the dream world. Why should I spend my energy on that? Also, at present, in the media, the general public doesn't know about A Dream of Red Mansions, thinking that you people have nothing to do when you are full and have nothing to do to study the love of brothers and sisters ... This is simply terrible. Moreover, some people and things in the so-called Dream of Red Mansions cannot be respected. Most people have complaints. I'm mixed in, and everything is on my head, which makes me unbearable. I quit and stay out of it. I do my own study. "

"However, as we all know, you were transferred from Sichuan to Beijing because your new certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions was published."

"But, after I transferred to Beijing, I became the object of criticism step by step in June that year. In the future, I will not only ignore everything in my dream world, but even have no right to know. But people who don't know the truth, especially some people in the academic circles, still think that I was transferred to preside over everything in Redology. Another point is that I have nothing in common with some red scholars in the red circle. "

"A Dream of Red Mansions has its special status in China. It is closely related to the political and cultural life of our new China. Can you tell us why? "

"It is well known that the status of Redology was improved by Chairman Mao. But then the movement expanded and some broke out. This is no longer a dream of red mansions. This is a great academic movement that shocked the world. "

"A Dream of Red Mansions has a profound influence not only on the political life of the people of China, but also on their cultural life. I am afraid that no literary work in the history of China can have such a great influence. "

"Yes, A Dream of Red Mansions, which is widely valued, loved, talked about, studied, performed and performed, is no longer a simple book, but a phenomenon. We can call it a dream of red mansions phenomenon. This phenomenon includes not only the study of it, but also many researchers of A Dream of Red Mansions and this special group of A Dream of Red Mansions. The root of this phenomenon is the traditional culture of China. "

"I haven't thought about death yet."

"We just talked about mostly academic topics. Now I want to ask you some personal questions. Your life can be described as ups and downs, from red to black and from black to red. Can you talk about what is the most painful memory in your life? "

"To tell the truth, A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragic academic, and choosing it is a tragedy in itself. Students in first-class universities are dismissive, and those who are interested are not qualified, so they fall into the hands of my generation. In a sense, this is also a kind of pain. Of course, this kind of pain is just my personal sadness. The real great sorrow is connected with the life and death of the whole nation. "

Zhou He was silent here, and I watched him silently feel the pain he said. After a while, he said, "You just asked me what is the most painful memory in my life. I told you it was during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time. I was studying in yenching university at that time. After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese blocked yenching university and expelled students. At that time, Fu Jen Catholic University advertised that many students went and many students went to study! I resolutely refused to go and returned to my hometown in Tianjin. It's not peaceful to go home. There is a local traitor organization called Xinmin Society, which specializes in recruiting young students who are out of school and unemployed to serve them. I had to hide in the cellar. My hometown is forty or fifty miles away from Tianjin and belongs to a big town. One day, I saw the only local primary school with my own eyes. The teacher led a group of primary school students to greet the Japanese garrison at the entrance of the village with the new sun flag. The little sun flag is made of white paper, that is, a red circle is drawn in red ink in the middle of a piece of white paper. At that time, in the sun, the small sun flag in the hands of primary school students stung my eyes. I feel my heart is bleeding and my heart is broken. So today you asked me the most painful memory, and the wound was touched at once. Alas-"

Zhou's pain is the pain of our nation. The old man in front of him was almost gripped by a painful memory. In order to change his mood, I quickly asked, "What is the happiest thing in your life?"

"I was put in the' bullpen' isolation review at 1968. Almost a year later, I was sent to work in Xianning Cadre School, Hubei Province. I can't do heavy work because of my poor health. Let me have a look at the vegetable garden. One day, the head of the delegation told me that Beijing needed you for work and wanted to transfer you back. I couldn't believe it then. Go to the headquarters to get the official letter. Oh, my God! This is a special telegram sent by Premier Zhou's office to the commander of Hubei Military Region. Zhou was transferred back to Beijing to work. You can imagine how I felt at that time, which was the happiest thing in my life. I still keep a copy of a special telegram. As a result, I suddenly changed from black to red. It was1September 5, 970, and this is my anniversary. It is said that I have contact with Premier Zhou. Isn't that nonsense? When I am the king, how can I contact Premier Zhou?

I was shocked by the ups and downs of Zhou. Facing the old man in front of me, I asked a very sharp question: "You are 82 years old this year. What do you think of life and death? "

"I hope to live a few more years. Not afraid of death. It is difficult for people my age to accumulate some knowledge. I have just accumulated something, I have just matured, and my understanding has just begun to deepen, but it is time to end my life. This is the misfortune of mankind and the loss of human culture. My understanding of life is comprehensive, mainly spiritual intelligence, not pure natural life. Speaking of myself, I miss human affairs very much. Although there are so many difficulties and hardships in my life, there are also so many disappointments. I am working hard now, because I still have unfinished work, and no one can replace it. I still feel healthy. I haven't thought about death yet, at least I haven't had time to mention it on the agenda. A man lives until his body dies. He can continue to contribute in another way. Because his thoughts still exist after his death, and he has disciples and children as heirs, his works still exist in the world.