Source party history Expo
In 1970s, Li Desheng, the founding major general, experienced ups and downs in his life. Suddenly, he was promoted from the director of Anhui Revolutionary Committee and the commander of the 12th Army to The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China, and entered the political core of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, known as the "political star". It is believed that his promotion was appreciated by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. So, how was he chosen by Mao Zedong? How did Mao Zedong choose him? How much inevitability and contingency is there?
Mao Zedong: "Which is Li Desheng?"
Like most founding generals, Li Desheng had no direct contact with Mao Zedong at first. He once told the author that his first face-to-face conversation with Mao Zedong was at the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee held in June 1968+00. Li Desheng attended the meeting as the person in charge of Anhui Province.
Zhou Enlai announced the grouping list at the meeting. When reading Li Desheng's name, Mao Zedong interrupted him and asked, "Who is Li Desheng?"
Zhou Enlai introduced: "Comrade Li Desheng is the director of the Anhui Revolutionary Committee and the commander of the 12 th Army." He waved to Li Desheng: "Comrade Desheng, please stand up."
Li Desheng has stood up and saluted Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong looked at Li Desheng carefully and said with a smile, "I don't know you, you comrade."
Mao Zedong then asked, "Where are you from?"
Li Desheng replied: "I am from Xinxian County, Henan Province."
Zhou Enlai chimed in: "Are you from the same county as Comrade Xu? The hometown of the Red Fourth Army. "
Xu Youshi took it and said, "Comrade Desheng and I are from the same county."
Mao Zedong asked again, "How old is Comrade Li Desheng this year?"
Li Desheng replied: "52 years old."
Why did Mao Zedong ask how old Li Desheng was? We don't know, but it can be seen from Mao Zedong's reuse of him that Mao Zedong is considering the combination of "old, middle and young" leading cadres.
Mao Zedong said to everyone, "I think the situation in Anhui is very good. Didn't we inform him about the whole situation in Wuhu? Wuhu did a good job! That Wuhu problem can be complicated. " He turned to Li Desheng and asked, "What's the matter with you?"
Li Desheng didn't expect Mao Zedong to ask himself a question on this occasion. He thought for a moment and replied, "It's a big public opinion!"
In a particularly quiet venue, Li Desheng answered these six words with a particularly loud voice.
The atmosphere at the meeting was a little strange. Some people may think that Li Desheng's answer is too simple, while others laugh.
Unexpectedly, Mao Zedong was satisfied with the answer. He took the topic and said, "Yes, it is to create public opinion. We * * * people rebel, for decades, by creating public opinion. Otherwise, how can we pull up the Red Army, the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the People's Liberation Army and build so many teams? Without mass work, there would be no masses, no army, no party, and no proletarian regime. "
What made Mao Zedong know about Li Desheng?
Judging from Mao Zedong's problem, we think he knows Li Desheng, but he still can't match the number. So, what made Mao Zedong know about Li Desheng?
During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Li De was competent as the platoon leader, company commander, battalion commander and head of 129 Division. In several bitter battles fought by 129 Division, Li Desheng performed well. When laying an ambush in xiang tang, Li Desheng led the communication company and the spy company as "snakeheads", responsible for stopping the Japanese motorcade, in order to gain time and form an encirclement of the enemy. Li Desheng led the officers and men to fight the Japanese bayonet at the throat of Zheng Tai Road, "resolutely resisting the enemy at all costs". He also led the reserve team in the regiment to sneak behind enemy lines, and achieved a record of no casualties in the whole company. He cooperated with the whole regiment to destroy most of the two squadrons and seized 2 machine guns and more than 30 rifles. In the Guanjia' nao War, Li Desheng led the troops to stick to the position where there was no danger to defend, fought against the enemy with bayonets and broadswords, and fought bloody battles until late at night to complete the task. ...
Mao Zedong may have seen the news and accompanying editorial of "Long-term Reconnaissance and Resolute Assault, Taihang Army Recovering Mafang" published on the front page of Yan 'an Liberation Daily, calling this campaign a typical war of annihilation. But it is impossible to think that Li Desheng, the head of the 30th regiment, put on a cotton-padded jacket, a sheep belly towel and a wicker basket on his back, disguised as a vegetable farmer, and a group of seven people went to town for reconnaissance. With the cooperation of the inner city, they mastered the enemy's situation, and then transferred 82 people to form a commando team, brandishing broadswords to make a surprise attack and annihilate the defending Ma Fang.
In the War of Liberation, Li Desheng led his troops to fight all the way, jumping into Dabie Mountain from Shangdang, Handan, Dayang Lake and other battles, conquering Xiangyang, flying over the Yangtze River Graben, and marching into the southwest ... He also held the command position of brigade commander and division commander and became a famous soldier under Liu Deng.
Of course, Mao Zedong knew about Shangganling during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. But he didn't necessarily know that the second half of the battle in Shangganling was under the unified command of Li Desheng. Li Desheng led 12 Army to stick to Shangganling, achieving the goal of "destroying the enemy at the forefront and not allowing it to move forward".
Mao Zedong must also know Guo Xingfu's teaching method, which was widely used in the whole army in 1960s. He once saw Ye Jianying's report to the Military Commission, saying: "Guo Xingfu's teaching method is the inheritance and development of our army's traditional training methods, and it is the result of leadership training, mass support and his personal efforts." After Mao Zedong's approval, Guo Xingfu's teaching method was quickly popularized in the whole army. In fact, Guo Xingfu, a typical example, Li Desheng played an important role from discovery to experience formation.
At first, in order to improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, Li Desheng took the method of unannounced surprise inspection of the troops, and let the soldiers shoot in actual combat after crossing the mountains. Only the most advanced companies got the "pass". Li Desheng was in a hurry. He called Guo Xingfu, the deputy company commander of the second company of this regiment, and asked, "In the depths of the forest, there is a strong wind and heavy rain. There is neither a compass nor a guide. Can you even drive a hundred miles at night? " Guo replied, "At the current training level, it is not possible." He asked, "Can the soldiers in your company destroy the enemy with guns at all distances and within the effective range, no matter what targets appear?" Guo replied: "Not yet!" He asked again, "Can the soldiers of your company bravely rush up within a hundred or two meters under the fierce fire of the enemy? Dare to fight the enemy and finally destroy the enemy? " Guo replied: "No!" Li Desheng said, "You are telling the truth. You should remember that training is for fighting, not for putting on airs. We must proceed from actual combat, strictly demand and train strictly, so that every soldier can practice his true skills. "
In order to carry out the instruction of Vice Comrade Ye Jianying, "run the army strictly, come from difficulties and go from actual needs", Li Desheng led a working group to set up in Erlian, and "Guo Xingfu teaching method" came into being. After more than half a year's hard training, Guo Xingfu and his class have formed a set of relatively formed practices in teaching.
Mao Zedong: "I will look at Comrade Li Desheng again."
1967 On July 29th, Li Desheng arrived in Beijing by special plane, and Zhou Enlai was summoned in the Great Hall of the People. Zhou Enlai first introduced the basic situation of Anhui after the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", saying that the fighting in Anhui was very fierce, which seriously affected industrial and agricultural production. Although the central government has formulated two documents for Anhui, "Nine Articles" and "Five Articles", the fighting has been escalating. The CPC Central Committee decided that Li Desheng's army would immediately go to Anhui to carry out the task of "three armies and two armies", and stressed that it was decided by Chairman Mao himself.
After Li Desheng was brought into Anhui, two opposing mass organizations welcomed Chairman Mao to send troops to Anhui to carry out the work of "three armies and two armies", but they all had their own ideas, wanted the support of the troops and overwhelmed each other with their own strength.
On August 8, the day after Li Desheng arrived in Anhui, a long-simmering war broke out in Hefei. Li Desheng immediately led dozens of cadres and three companies to the scene of the warfare. Hold high quotations from Chairman Mao, insert them between the two factions of the warfare, form a human wall to stop the warfare, publicize policies with loudspeakers, and risk being beaten. It took one night to quell a senseless bloodshed.
On June 26th, 1968, the resident troops were attacked in Wuhu. More than 200 PLA officers and men were injured, 1 person died, more than 800 guns, 65,438+10,000 bullets and shells, 34 cars and 1 set of confidential charts were robbed in one week. An urgent telegram came from a division stationed in Wuhu. What should I do?
Li Desheng, after receiving the telegram, first ordered the troops not to shoot at the masses and strive for the initiative. After that, he took several comrades of the Revolutionary Committee and leaders of the two factions to Wuhu to solve the problem. One school asked Li Desheng to meet them in person, and as long as he came alone, no one was allowed to go with him. Many comrades are angry at this condition, and some comrades think it is a conspiracy. What if a person is detained?
In order to solve the problem, Li Desheng resolutely went to the meeting. He walked into their headquarters alone and stepped on the ladder put down by the rebels from the bunker. The rebel side didn't expect Li Desheng to come. Li Desheng can come, the arrogance of the rebel side was suppressed at once. Li Desheng severely criticized them and did the work. Before they left, they all said, "We listen to Li Junchang!" The next day, the rebels began to hand in their guns, and the Wuhu problem opened the door.
On June 30th, Anhui Revolutionary Committee convened an emergency enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee, attended by leaders of revolutionary committees in various cities, heads of troops and representatives of the masses from various organizations. Li Desheng exposed the truth of the Wuhu incident at the meeting and launched a political offensive to denounce the incident.
On July 2, Anhui Province launched a large-scale campaign to denounce the Wuhu incident. Then a large number of troops and local personnel were transferred from Hefei, Bengbu, Huainan, Maanshan and Tongling to form troops, cadres and mass propaganda teams to go to Wuhu to correct local wrong practices. Then, editorials exposing and criticizing bourgeois factionalism were published in provincial newspapers, reprinted and broadcast by People's Daily and china national radio. These measures immediately produced great power, and the situation in Wuhu changed rapidly.
1In April, 969, Li Desheng, as a representative of Anhui, went to Beijing to attend the Ninth National Congress of communist party, China. Soon, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee and Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
When the election results were announced, Li Desheng was named by Mao Zedong again. When Li Desheng's name was read out, Mao Zedong said, "I'll look at Comrade Li Desheng again."
Zhou Enlai motioned for Li Desheng to stand up and let him take off his hat and show it to Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong asked again, "How old are you?"
Li Desheng replied: "53 years old."
Mao Zedong repeated several times: 53, 53. ...
to be continued