In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Sun Jing, a famous politician. When he was young, he was eager to learn. He often closed the door and kept reading alone. Reading from morning till night every day, often forgetting to eat and sleep. After studying for a long time, I am tired, but I still don't rest. After a long time, I was too tired to doze off. Afraid of affecting his study, he came up with a special method. In ancient times, men had long hair. He found a rope and tied it firmly to the beam. When he is tired of reading, he dozes off. When his head is lowered, the rope will hold his hair and hurt his scalp, wake up immediately and continue to study.
This is the story of Sun Jing's hanging beam.
During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Su Qin, who was also a famous politician. When I was young, because of the lack of knowledge, I went to many places to do things and was not taken seriously. After returning home, his family was also very cold and looked down on him. This is a great stimulus to him. So, he made up his mind to study hard. He often studies late into the night, is very tired, often takes a nap and wants to sleep. He also figured out a way to prepare an awl. Once he dozed off, he stabbed himself in the thigh with the awl. In this way, I suddenly felt pain, woke up by myself, and then insisted on reading. This made the story of Su Qin's "thorn".
Note: This idiom comes from the story of Sun Jing and Su Qin studying, and is used to describe the spirit of studying hard and studying hard. Their spirit of studying hard is good, but their methods of studying hard need not be imitated.
A hole was drilled in the wall to get light from the neighbor's house.
Second, Chairman Mao has been very busy for decades, but he always finds time, even reading and studying every minute. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is a sea of books. Books are everywhere on the bookcase, desk, dining table and coffee table in the bedroom. All the beds are occupied by books except the place where one person lies.
In order to study, Chairman Mao spent all available time. A few minutes before swimming, I sometimes have to read some famous poems. After swimming, I forgot to rest and picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes in the toilet. The book Selected Works of Zhaoming, the second edition of Song Xichun, and some other books and periodicals were completed intermittently by this time. Read a little today and a little tomorrow.
Chairman Mao often takes a box of books with him when he goes out for meetings or inspections. The train shook and bumped on the way, and he completely ignored it. He always keeps reading with a magnifying glass in one hand and a page in the other. In other places, like Beijing, there are books on the bed, desk, coffee table and dining table, which seem to be free.
Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still insisted on studying. He reread a hardcover Complete Works of Lu Xun and many other books and periodicals published before liberation and brought to Beijing from Yan 'an.
On one occasion, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor forbade him to read books. He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, and now you don't let me study, and you make me lie here all day eating and sleeping. You know how hard it is for me! The staff had to put the books they had taken next to him, and he smiled happily.
Study hard and read again and again
Chairman Mao has never opposed the reading method that only seeks quick results. When he read the complete works of Han Changli's poems, except for a few chapters, he carefully pondered and studied them one by one, from vocabulary, sentence reading, chapters to the meaning of the full text. He can recite most of Han Ji's poems fluently through repeated reading and reciting. He read novels such as Journey to the West, Dream of Red Mansions, Outlaws of the Marsh and Romance of the Three Kingdoms in primary school and reread them in the 1960s. He has seen more than ten different versions of A Dream of Red Mansions. In the fifties, sixties and seventies, he read Selected Works of Zhaoming several times at school. There are three extant versions of his annotation.
He has read many books on Marxism-Leninism and philosophy. Li Da's History of the Communist Party of China and Outline of Sociology have been read ten times each. He has studied the Manifesto, Das Kapital and Selected Works of Lenin. Many chapters and paragraphs also have notes and sketches.
No pen and ink, no books.
For decades, every time Chairman Mao read a book or an article, he drew circles, bars, dots and other symbols in important places, and wrote a lot of comments in the eyebrows and blanks. Some also extract appropriate places in books and texts or write down reading notes or experiences at any time. Many of Chairman Mao's books are Zhu Mo, with symbols such as annotations, circles, sketches, straight lines, curves, double lines, three straight lines, double circles, three circles, triangles and forks everywhere.
Read everything
Chairman Mao's interest in reading is very extensive, and he reads books on philosophy, politics, economy, history, literature, military and other social sciences as well as some natural sciences.
Many of the books he has read are about history. Chairman Mao likes reading all kinds of Chinese and foreign historical books, especially those of China. From twenty-four histories, history as a mirror and historical records to various unofficial history, official history and historical romances. He has always advocated "making the past serve the present" and attached great importance to historical experience. In his works and speeches, he often quoted historical allusions from Chinese and foreign history books to vividly explain profound truth, and he often used historical experience and lessons to guide and treat today's revolutionary cause.
Chairman Mao also read many books about China literature. He is a real reader.
Third, Lu Xun chewed pepper to drive away the cold.
CCTV International July 2, 2003117: 21
Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I attended Jiangnan Naval Academy and got excellent results in the first semester. The school awarded him a gold medal. He immediately took it to the street of Nanjing Gulou and sold it. Then he bought some books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it's cold at night and he can't stand reading at night, he picks a pepper and chews it in his mouth, making his forehead sweat. In this way, he insisted on studying. After studying hard, he finally became a famous writer in China.
Fourth, cut the wall and steal the light
During the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng was very studious as a teenager.
As his family is poor, he has to do a lot of work during the day to earn money. Only at night can he sit down and read. However, he can't afford candles, so he can't read when it is dark. Kuang Heng was heartbroken at this time-wasting behavior, and his heart was very painful.
His neighbor's family is very rich. At night, light candles in several rooms to make them bright. One day, Kuang Heng summoned up his courage and said to his neighbor, "I want to study at night, but I can't afford candles. Can I borrow an inch of your house? " Neighbors have always looked down on people who are poorer than their family, so they said viciously and sarcastically, "Since you are too poor to buy candles, what books are you reading?" Kuang Heng was very angry, but he decided to read the book well.
When Kuang Heng came home, he quietly cut a small hole in the wall, through which the neighbor's candlelight came in. With this faint light, he eagerly began to read books and gradually finished reading all the books at home.
After reading these books, Kuang Heng felt that his knowledge was far from enough, and his desire to continue reading more books was even more urgent.
There is a big family nearby with many books. One day, Kuang Heng rolled up his bedding and appeared in front of a big house. He said to his host, "please take me in, and I will work for you at home for free." Just let me read all your books. " The host was moved by his spirit and agreed to his request to borrow books.
This is how Kuang Heng studied diligently. Later, he became the prime minister of the Han and Yuan emperors and became a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.
Fourthly, Ba Jin's reading method.
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. After taking a nap for less than an hour every day, I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain won't rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep some beautiful things before my memory completely declines. "
It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages:
(1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: one was that Leningrad was surrounded by the Germans for a long time during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. A young girl wrote in her diary, "A certain type", Anna? Karenina or something. There was no electricity and no candles, and the whole city was out of power. Instead of reading, she sat quietly in the dark, recalling the plot in the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her through those terrible nights. Another example is his own personal experience of ten years of civil strife. He said: "If the rebels allowed me to keep a diary during the Cultural Revolution and allowed me to keep a diary according to my own wishes, my diary must be full of titles. People will wonder: my study has been blocked for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in people's hearts, which stores things that others can't take away. " These two examples show that you can "read" without normal reading conditions.
(2) Review the past and learn new things. Through memory, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like cattle ruminating, which can be further digested and absorbed. Every time I recall, I will have a new understanding, a new understanding and a new harvest.
(3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: "I am now struggling with my illness, and all kinds of works are inspiring me ... Even if I don't have the spirit to read new works during my illness, the spiritual wealth accumulated in the past is enough for my limited rest of my life. People need light and heat until they die.
In ancient times, there was a scholar named Monk. When he first went to school, he was very careful and wrote neatly. Soon, he felt that studying was too hard, so he skipped school and often went to play in the Woods on the hillside. Mother knew, picked up scissors and cut the unfinished cloth at once, saying, "What's the use of cutting the cloth like this if you don't study hard!" " "The little cry said," I was wrong! I will never play again. I must study hard! " From then on, Little Monk studied hard and never slacked off. Later, he became a famous great thinker.
6. Hua comes from a poor family and is determined to study hard. When I was in middle school, in a math class, the teacher gave the students a famous question. Hua got it right, which surprised the teacher and won his praise. From then on, he fell in love with mathematics. After finishing the first grade of junior high school, Hua dropped out of school because of his poor family, so he had to stand in front of the counter for his parents, but he still insisted on teaching himself mathematics. Through my unremitting efforts, I finally became an outstanding mathematician in China.
Ren Bonian, a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty, was born in Shanghai. Thanks to his efforts in his youth, he can become a great painter. Ren Bonian's father is also a painter. Under the influence of his father, he began to study at the age of two or three and liked to watch his father draw. At the age of twelve, my father died unfortunately, leaving my family destitute. So Ren Bonian dropped out of school and became an apprentice in a fan shop. I am very tired after a day's work, but no matter how tired, he still insists on drawing a few strokes every day; Because he had no money to buy paper, he painted with waste paper. When the shop owner knew about it, he saw that his paintings were really extraordinary and asked him to paint for the fans. From then on, Ren Bonian learned something useful and became more enthusiastic about painting. Finally, he became a famous painter.
Li Bai did not study hard and lacked perseverance when he was young. One day, he got impatient in the middle of reading, so he threw the book away and sneaked out to play. Li Bai was skipping when he suddenly heard the sound of "Cha, Cha, Cha". I saw an old woman grinding an iron bar hard. Li Bai was very surprised. Grandma told him that she was grinding embroidery needles. As long as she keeps grinding, no matter how thick the iron bar is, it can be ground into an embroidery needle. Li Bai listened and thought, "Yes, no matter how difficult it is, as long as you persist, you will succeed." He turned and ran home, picked up the book that had been thrown on the ground and concentrated on reading. After a long and arduous study, he laid a solid foundation. Later, Li Bai became a great poet in the history of China.
Nine, fireflies reflect snow
The idiom "firefly reflecting snow" refers to Che Yin in Jin Dynasty. He was poor and had no money to buy lamp oil, but he wanted to study at night, so he caught a firefly as a lamp and studied at summer night. Snow-reflecting is a way of reading in winter nights in Sun Kang in Jin Dynasty by using the light reflected by snow. Later, I used the metaphor of "a firefly reflecting snow" to describe my poor family and studying hard. "This idiom comes from the Book of Jin. Biography of Che Yin (Yin). It is speculated that ... the poor often get oil, while Xia Yue practices filling dozens of fireflies to take care of books. Sun Kang is poor at home and often studies in the snow. " In the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was always eager to learn, but his father was unable to provide him with a good learning environment because of his poor family. In order to maintain food and clothing, there is no extra money to buy him lamp oil for evening study. To this end, he can only use this time to recite poems. "One night in summer, he was reciting an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying at low altitude. The flashing light is a bit dazzling in the dark. He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't it become a lamp? So he went to find a white silk bag and immediately caught dozens of fireflies in it, tied the mouth of the bag and hung it up. It's not very bright, but it can be used for reading. From then on, as long as there are fireflies, he will catch one to use as a lamp. Because he studied hard and practiced hard, he finally became a person with a high official position. " The same is true of Sun Kang in the same dynasty. Because I have no money to buy lamp oil, I can't read at night, so I have to go to bed early. He felt it a pity to let time pass in vain. "One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep, turned his head to the window and found a light in the window. It turned out to be a reflection of heavy snow, which can be used for reading. So he was so tired that he immediately got dressed, took out his book and went outside. The snow reflected on the wide earth is much brighter than the snow in the room. Sun Kang ignored the cold and immediately read a book. His hands and feet were frozen stiff, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, every snowy night, he never missed this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard work has promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds and become a knowledgeable person. Later, he also became a senior official.
Jin Zu is a magnanimous and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly.
Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also have a common lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.
Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed. So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.
Study hard