In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River more than 5,000 years ago, a tribal alliance-"Jiuli" was gradually formed. With Chiyou as the leader, Jiuli has continuously developed into a powerful tribe that dominates the east of the motherland by virtue of its superior geographical conditions. In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, another tribe headed by the Yellow Emperor of Jishui continued to develop in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and clashed with Jiuli. After the Battle of Zhuolu (now Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), Jiuli was defeated, Chiyou was killed, and his power declined greatly. After the defeat of Jiuli tribe, quite a few people moved south.
In the period of Yao, Shun and Yu, the Jiuli tribe developed again and formed a new tribal alliance-"Sanmiao". At that time, he lived in Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Wenshan and Hengshan, and had a long-term struggle with the tribal alliance headed by Yao, Shun and Yu. After the conquest, the power of "Sanmiao" group was completely weakened, and the tribal alliance was divided and disintegrated, which made most people leave the plain between Jianghuai, Dongting and Dongting, avoid the inaccessible forests and swamps, and began to migrate to the northwest and southwest mountainous areas.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the subject of "Three Miao" and other tribes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were collectively called "Nan Man" (also known as "Jingchu"). "Nan Man" has grown and become the main resident of Chu State. By the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, "Man Jing" had become the rival of the Southern Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, since Zhao Haoqi, Man Jing has been "conquered" many times, and his power has been weakened. Jiuli, Sanmiao, Nanman and Man Jing are homologous. They are the ancestors of Miao people in different periods. Sloping houses, small blue tiles, barrel perforations, white walls, carved windows ... In Zunyi, Guizhou, farmers live in this unique folk house.
It is reported that before 2006, there was a building boom in rural areas of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. After investigation, Zunyi Municipal Government has designed a set of architectural atlas in the style of "Northern Guizhou Dwellings", which is provided to farmers free of charge and subsidized by the government to guide farmers to build houses.
In Aoxi Town, yuqing county, a farmer named Li Quanyou said that after his family built such a two-story building in 2007, relatives and friends who came back from the provincial capital were envious, saying that he "lived in a villa". In fact, I only spent more than 70 thousand, and the government subsidized nearly 10 thousand
These houses with novel styles and beautiful scenery attracted some tourists to stay. Chen Fuming, a villager in Huangjiaba Town, Meitan County, said that his family can now earn more than 3,000 yuan a month by receiving tourists. Wujiang river length1050km.
Wujiang river basin is located at east longitude 104 degrees 10 minutes-109 degrees 12 minutes north latitude 25 degrees 56 minutes -30 degrees 22 minutes. Except for a part located in the lower reaches of Chushan Mountain in Sichuan Basin, the rest are distributed in the northeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. In the west, Wumeng Mountain and Hengjiang-Niulan River, a tributary of Jinsha River, are the watershed. In the south, Miaoling, Hongshui River and Beipan River in the upper reaches of Xijiang River in the Pearl River Basin are the watershed. Wuling Mountain and Yuanjiang River are the watersheds in the east. The northwest is bounded by Dalou Mountain, Chishui River and Qijiang River. The elevation of the watershed is between 700 and 2900 meters. Wujiang River Basin covers a total area of 87,920 square kilometers, and Guizhou Province covers an area of 66,830 square kilometers, accounting for 76.03% of the total area of the whole basin and 370.95% of the total area of Guizhou.
Wujiang River Basin runs through western, central, northeastern and eastern Sichuan. Its scope includes Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei provinces 12 cities. Among them are Weining, Hezhang, Shuicheng, Nayong, Liuzhi, Anshun, Kuding, Pingba, Zhijin, Qingzhen, Bijie, Dafang, Qianyou, Nanming, Yunyan, Wudang, Huaxi, Baiyun, Xiuwen, Jinsha, Xifeng, Zunyi, Bozhou, Kaiyang, Weng 'an and Meizhou in Guizhou. Youyang, Shizhu, Pengshui, Wuling, Fuling, Qianjiang and Nanchuan in Chongqing. There are 55 counties and cities in Xianfeng, Lichuan, Enshi and Zhenxiong, Yunnan. The total population of Wujiang River Basin exceeds 20 million, and ethnic minorities account for 15%, with an average of 227 people per square kilometer. The population density is not only higher than that of the northwest region, but also higher than that of the whole country. The ethnic groups in Wujiang River Basin are mostly Han, and ethnic minorities account for 15% of the total entrance, mainly Yi, Miao, Buyi, Tujia, Gelao and Bai. In areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, a system of regional ethnic autonomy has been established. Guizhou has Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County, Songtao and Miao Autonomous County, Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, Wuchuan Gelao Autonomous County and Daozhen Tujia and Miao Autonomous County. Hubei has Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in western Hubei. Chongqing has Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County and Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County. In addition to the above-mentioned autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties, there are more than 320 ethnic townships. Wujiang County along the Yangtze River includes Sinan, Yanhe, Pengshui, Wulong and Fuling. The towns along the Wujiang River include wujiang town, Wenjiadian Town, Shaojiaqiao Town, Chaodi Town and Hongdu Town in Guizhou. Gongtan Town, Jiangkou Town, Yangjiaoqi Town, Baima Town and Baitao Town in Chongqing.
The total length of Wujiang River is1050km, which is divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower reaches. The upper reaches include Sancha River and Liuchong River. Sancha River flows to the southeast, with an average annual discharge of 1.64 m3/s, and it is 339.9 m3/s after it flows into Liuchong River. Sanmiao River is a typical karst mountain river. There are three undercurrents. The first undercurrent is between Weining Monkey Farm and Wangjiazhai in Shuicheng. People used to call it Tiansheng Bridge, also known as water curtain cave, which was exposed after undercurrent of about 500 meters. The second section is between Bao Hua and Changyang. The third section is on the Yadian River. The middle and upper reaches of the river are alternating with valleys, with many platforms along the river and concentrated farmland. Downstream is a deep valley with steep slope and rapid flow, rich in hydraulic resources. Sancha River receives 65,438+05 tributaries, including Ertang River, Yin Di River, Yuezhao River, Anan River, Dongkou River, Shuikong River, Baishui River, Yilong River, Shazi River, Pilong River, Yanjiao River, Na Ba River, Yubo River, Niuchang River and Liuchong River. The drop per kilometer is 4.92 meters, so there is no benefit of a boat. But there is also a short navigation.
The middle reaches are mountains and mountains. From Conghua Wuji to Sinan River, the upper section is sandwiched between Miaoling Mountain and Dalou Mountain, and the lower section is sandwiched between Dalou Mountain and Wuling Mountain. Wujiang River runs through the mountains. Due to the erosion of river reach and the dissolution of groundwater, V-shaped canyons with a depth of 200-300 meters are formed in many places, with rockfall accumulation, steep slope and rapid flow, and concentrated drop, with a total of large and small rapids 148. Among them, the famous especially dangerous beaches are Xuantang, Zhentiandong and Ziyi Santan. There are 15 tributaries flowing into the middle reaches of Wujiang River, such as maotiaohe, Jiye River, Xifeng River, Pianyan River, Yutang River, Qing Yu River, Huntang River, Lvchi River, Shiqian River, Duqing River (Xihe Zhang), Gusha River, Xiangjiang River, Qingshui River, Weng 'an River and Hutang River. Drop per kilometer1.37m. After liberation, through waterway regulation, 60-ton passenger and cargo ships can now reach Maluodu, 464 kilometers below Yizitan Beach.
The valleys in the lower reaches of Wujiang River alternate with wide valleys, which are relatively open, with wide water surface and gentle dryness. There are few shoals in this reach, but there are still 22 shoals such as tidal flat, new beach, Gongtan and Yangjiaoqi. The four former beach kings were suspended. Ships must move from one beach to another. The main tributaries in the lower reaches are Yinjiang River, Horseshoe River River, Batuo River, Ganlong River, Hongdu River, Maer River, Tangyan River, Yujiang River, Furong River and Daxi River. 1 1. The drop per kilometer downstream is 0.64m.. Now Sinan county can open 100 ton passenger and cargo ships.
The terrain of Wujiang River Basin is complex. According to the crossing system and the structural line strike of each reach, it can be divided into Heyuan and Huawuji, which belong to the "mountain" structural system in western Guizhou, and the structural strike is northwest and northeast. The section from Huawuji to Goupitan belongs to the meridional structural system of Sichuan and Guizhou, and the structural direction is north-south. Goupitan-Wulong section is a Neocathaysian structural system, with NNE, Wulong-Hekou section, clastic meridional, and the structural direction is North-South. The sedimentary caprocks in the whole basin are well developed and the exposed strata are complete. Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian and Triassic are the most extensive. They are all sedimentary rocks, among which carbonate rocks are the main ones, accounting for more than 60% of the total thickness, and their distribution area accounts for more than 70% of the total area. Limestone is widely distributed in Guizhou, with karst development in the lower reaches and tributaries, and there are often underground rivers and undercurrents. There are three undercurrents on the dry Sancha River, and more on the tributary Liuhong River, with eight sections. Many other small tributaries also have undercurrents.
The overall topography of the basin is high in the west and low in the east. The source elevation is 2260m, and the estuary elevation136.5 m. The steep limestone walls along the Yangtze River are often cracked by boulders, blocking the river surface and forming more than 200 rapids. Among them, the most famous are Zhentiandong, Chaodi, Xintan, Gongtan and Yangjiaoqi in Chongqing. The basin is located in the weak seismic belt east of the northeast strong earthquake belt in Longmenshan, western China, with undeveloped faults, weak seismic activity, low frequency and low intensity. Except for Weining, Hezhang and Pengshui, there is a large earthquake activity, and there is little activity in other areas. According to historical records, there have been 4 earthquakes 13 times in the basin since Baizhi 1308, and the highest magnitude is no more than 6.
There are many tributaries in the basin, with 16 tributaries, and the basin area exceeds 1000 square kilometers, which accounts for 57.5% of the Wujiang River basin area. There are 75 river basins with an area of 1000 square kilometers, and 75 river basins with an area of 50 square kilometers. 16 big tributaries are:
Liuchong River, also known as Jizhong River, is the largest tributary of the upper reaches of Wujiang River. It used to be called the northern source of Wujiang River and originated from Hezhang Tanyao. It flows through Hezhang County in the southeast, then dives underground and emerges from the surface through the third section of the river. The northeast flows into Hongyan River, then dives underground, turns southeast at Qixingguan, flows through Zongxi River, enters the undercurrent section of Xianrendong, emerges from the water, turns east through Zuohekou, and flows into Sancha River in the upper reaches of Wujiang River at the chemical medicine base. The drainage area is 10822 square kilometers, and the total length of the river is 273.4 kilometers.
Yejike originated in the southern foot of the paper mill building in Qianxi County, and its upstream section is called Pijiahe River, and its downstream section is called Erhai Lake. It flows from west to south, from flood to northeast, to the northeast of Shawo estuary to the north of Ganyintang, to the southeast of Weihe estuary, to the northeast of Shibantang, to the southeast of Zhong Ping estuary, and then to Wujiang River. The drainage area is 2 176 km2, and the total length is 106 km.
Maotiaohe, originated from the long mountain in Anshun, the northeast foot of Miaoling Mountains. The northeast flows to the Puer estuary and turns to the southeast, and the old state turns to the northeast, which is called Xinjiang. It flows east to Lutang, north to Qin Long and north to Yangchang, which is called Yangchang River. Wulitun in the north, Xiuwen estuary in the west, Wuli in the north and Hongyan in the northwest flow into Wujiang River. The basin covers an area of 3248 square kilometers, with a total length of 1, 8 1 km.
Pianyan River originates from Sancha at the southern foot of Dalou Mountain in the northwest of Jinsha County. The northeast flows through Pingluo to the southeast, to Jinsha County to the east, to Ba Long to the northeast, to Xi 'an Xiaohekou to the southeast, to the northeast, and to the southeast of Damiaochang to join the Wujiang River. The drainage area is 2 176 square kilometers.
Xiangjiang River is a large tributary on the left bank of the middle reaches of Wujiang River. Traditionally, it originated from Luojiang River and Banniugou at the southern foot of Jinding Mountain in Dalou Mountain Range. East flows to the southeast of Niutizhe, northeast flows to the alley below, south flows around Zunyi City, and south flows into Meijiang River at the corner and then west. Join the Wujiang River at Sanhechang. The basin covers an area of 4,929 square kilometers and the river length is 149 kilometers.
Qingshui River is one of the main tributaries on the right bank of the middle reaches of Wujiang River, which originated in Pingba County at the northern foot of Miaoling. The upper reaches are called Nanming River, and after merging with Dushui River, they are called Qingshui River. The source is above Baisongshan Mountain, which is the boundary river of Huaxi Zhuang Lei in Karin Heping County. Northeast flows to Zhai Wei, northeast flows to Huaxi, northeast flows around Guiyang, southeast flows to Wudang Xiaba and Pingzhai, southeast flows to Niuchang, northwest flows to Liangcha River, east flows to Miping, and flows into Wujiang River at Qingshuikou. The basin covers an area of 6,600 square kilometers and the river is 2 15 kilometers long.
Qing Yu originated in Yonghe, Weng 'an County, and is a tributary of the right bank of the middle reaches of Wujiang River. Northeast flows to the southeast of Caotang Bend, flows to the northeast of Pingxi Bend, enters yuqing county, flows northeast through Qing Yu County, and joins Wujiang River at Shuikou. Watershed area 1489 km2, river length 1 10.6 km.
Lvchi River is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province and originated from Pengjiaqiao, Jianchaxi Town, Dejiang County. The northwest flows to Fenggang estuary and turns to southeast, then to Shuang Shan and northeast, then to Donghua Xikou and northeast, then to South Basin and southeast, finally to the mouth of the river near the mouth of the river, and finally to Wujiang River. The total area is 2098 square kilometers, and the river length is 1 12 kilometers.
Shiqian River, also known as Longdi River, also known as Yiyang River. Located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, it is a tributary of the right bank of the middle reaches of Wujiang River, which originated from Heishan gully at the northern foot of Wuling Mountain in Shiqian. It flows from the southeast to the northeast of Ganxi bend, to the north to the middle dam bend, to the northeast of Yangxi estuary bend through Shiqian County, and to the northwest below the dam site. Bypass Tangtou Wanmu Dam, turn northeast and flow into Wujiang River. The drainage area is 2 128 km2 and the length is 1 16 km.
The Yinjiang River is the first tributary on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Wujiang River, which originates from Cyclobalanopsis at the eastern foot of Fan Jing. Northeast flows to northwest, southwest flows to Huang Mu, and flows into Lengshui River at Heshui. It flows to the rhinoceros cave in the northwest, and flows into the Wujiang River through Yinjiang County to the tidal dike. The drainage area is 1230 square kilometers, and the river is 95.4 kilometers long.
Ganlong River is a tributary on the right bank of the lower reaches of Wujiang River, which originates from Huang Mu of Yinjiang River. The source flows from northeast to north, from Pingxiang in Gan Long to northwest, from Sichuan to northeast, from Tongxi estuary to southwest, and then back to Guizhou. It flows northeast at the mouth of Shazi River and flows into Wujiang River at Yangliuchi. Watershed area 1700 km2 and length 100 km.
Tang Yan originated in Xianfeng County, Hubei Province, and is a tributary of the right bank of the lower reaches of Wujiang River. It joins the Wujiang River at Gongtan, Youyang, Chongqing. The basin covers an area of 5,580 square kilometers and the river is 248.7 kilometers long.
Hongdu river, located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, is a tributary of the left bank of the lower reaches of Wujiang River, which originated from Yuanhe Badianjiadangmen, Shangguan Township, Zheng 'an County. Southeast flows to Yong 'an Estuary and turns northeast, reaches Delong Estuary and flows northeast to Longtai, Fengle, Guanba, Daxikou, Yang Gang Estuary and flows northeast, and flows into Wujiang River at Hongdu Town. The drainage area is 37 12 square kilometers, and the river is 203 kilometers long.
Yujiang River originated in Hubei Province. It joins Wujiang River in Pengshui County. The basin covers an area of 3,800 square kilometers and the river length is 175 kilometers.
Furong River, located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, is a big tributary on the left bank of the lower reaches of Wujiang River, which originated from Suiyang dam at the east foot of Loushanguan. The northeast flows to the southeast of Jianba, then flows to the northeast after reaching Huangjian, flows into Chongqing through Zheng 'an County, Old City, Changba and Haokou, and flows into Wujiang River in Jiangkou Town of Wulong County. The drainage area is 7367 square kilometers, and the river length is 23 1 kilometer.
Daxi River is a tributary of the left bank of the lower reaches of Wujiang River, which originated in Nanchuan County, Sichuan Province. It joins the Wujiang River at the Daxikou of Baitao Town. The drainage area is 2065 square kilometers, and the river length is 120 kilometers.
Wujiang River has a long history, twists and turns, and it absorbs hundreds of rivers, forming the Wujiang River system. Most of the basin flows through the subtropical monsoon climate and monsoon humid climate zone, with abundant rainfall and large flow, with an annual runoff of 53.4 billion cubic meters. The annual average discharge of the estuary is 1609 m3/s, which is 92% of the annual average discharge of the Yellow River estuary, the second largest river in China. Wujiang River is rich in water resources, stable runoff, large natural drop and rich in hydraulic resources.
Wujiang's Past and Present
Wujiang River is located on the right bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Originated in the eastern foot of Wumeng Mountain in northwest Guizhou, it flows through Guizhou and Chongqing and joins the Yangtze River in Fuling, Chongqing. The main stream of Wujiang River is 1037 km long, and at present, the whole line is navigable for more than 447 km from Fuling. Wujiang River is 489 kilometers away from the Three Gorges reservoir area of the Yangtze River, which is the farthest tributary that the backwater in the reservoir area can reach after the Three Gorges dam reaches 175 meters.
The scenery of Wujiang lies in danger and beauty. Her pure green mountains and green waters, quaint diaojiao building, flat bluestone path and rich ethnic customs all make people yearn for it. In addition, Wujiang is particularly rich in human resources. She is an important channel for Cuban immigrants and an important area for inheritance; It is the distribution area of ancient hanging coffin burial custom in the Yangtze River valley. Sun Chang Wuji, a famous teacher in the Tang Dynasty, Huang Tingjian and other ancient celebrities were exiled. The famous "Breaking the Natural Barrier of Wujiang River" in the history of China Revolution happened here. Patriotism education bases along the Wujiang River include Qian Zhuangfei Martyrs Cemetery, Zhao Shiyan's former residence and Wujiangdu Power Plant.
Junxiu Wujiang River
Ink Painting Dream Wujiang Gallery "Thousand Miles Wujiang Gallery". The literati should give the first praise to this natural barrier Wujiang River, which left wonders in Sichuan. Wujiang River is empty and oolong, and its mountain is the hero of Kuimen, the strength of the Three Gorges and the beauty of Emei. Water flows like jade, people walk in the painting and drive on the wide and flat highway along the river, as if they had entered an ink wonderland. The distant mountains are mysterious, close to Shan Qi, with quiet ravines, beautiful scenery, a scene in one mile and a myriad of weather. ...
The mysterious Wujiang River
Since the map of China, and even the map of the world, the location of Wujiang River has been indispensable, no matter whether the scale is one in ten million, one in twenty million or one in fifty million. As early as two years ago, China's first general history, Historical Records, recorded the Wujiang River.
Due to the inland location and historical reasons of Wujiang River, people at home and abroad lack understanding of Wujiang River. Wujiang River originates from Guizhou Plateau and spans Sichuan and Guizhou provinces. Because its source is as high as 2260 meters above sea level and its outlet is as low as 136.5 meters, it forms a natural barrier waterway. So many people know that there is a natural barrier Wujiang River in the southwest of China. Wujiang River was most famous in the 1930s. It was only after the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants overcame the natural barrier of Wujiang River, crossed the Wujiang River and traveled all over the Wujiang River Basin that Wujiang River became famous all over the world. However, people know the natural barrier of Wujiang River best, but they may not know its history, culture, value and "cornucopia". Through the whole investigation of Wujiang River, the author has seen with his own eyes and heard with his own ears, collected and read a lot of ancient and modern materials, and got a deeper understanding of the whole picture of Wujiang River.
Wujiang River is mysterious, and the mystery of Wujiang River lies in its own value. Wujiang culture with rich connotation is also developed around Wujiang's own value.
Wujiang River, full of treasures, is a sleeping dragon. As long as the wings are inserted, it will take off and then take off. For many years, generations of Wujiang sons and daughters have been looking forward to the rapid development of Wujiang. Nowadays, people attach great importance to the value of Wujiang River, and people's understanding of Wujiang River is also deepening. Hydropower experts put forward the strategy of "taking Wujiang hydropower as the leader and driving the development of other resources". Hydropower is the wings of the dragon. The skilled craftsmen who put wings on the dragon have already gathered and the commander-in-chief has already been in place. Skillful craftsmen are all kinds of hydropower construction armies that have fought in Wujiang River Basin, and the general commander is Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Company. The wings of the dragon are gradually being installed, the dragon is taking off, and the dragon is about to take off. As long as the dragon takes off, the rich aluminum, phosphorus, coal, ferrous metallurgy, building materials, machinery and electronics industries will develop accordingly. At the same time, it has also opened up a "golden waterway" for Guizhou with inconvenient transportation. Wujiang's "cornucopia" is about to become a cash cow. This inexhaustible cash cow will make great contributions to the rejuvenation of China, the prosperity of Guizhou and the enrichment of the people, and bring eternal happiness to the people of all ethnic groups in Guizhou and Wujiang River Basin.