First, accelerate the trend of coordinated development of regional economy.
After World War II, the rapid development of science and technology and advanced productive forces has made economic globalization, new scientific and technological revolution and industrial restructuring become the trend of contemporary world economic development. Economic globalization requires breaking the regional and national barriers to the flow of commodities and production factors, and promoting trade liberalization, investment liberalization and financial liberalization. Due to the imbalance of economic development in different countries and regions, regional economic integration has gradually developed into an integral part and the first step of economic globalization. Since the establishment of the European Economic Community in 1958, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in Asia in 1967. 1967 and 1975, Africa established the East and West African Communities; 1965, the establishment of the New Australia Free Trade Area in Oceania; 1989 The United States, Canada and Mexico established the North American Free Trade Area. According to relevant statistics, there are more than 40 integrated regional economic organizations in the world, including 100 countries, most of which are developing countries. Regional economic integration is booming and in the ascendant.
The emergence of regional economic integration not only has a far-reaching impact on the development of the world economy, but also has a more direct significance for regional economic development. By establishing a wider unified market, a deeper international division of labor and wider international exchanges, we can realize the utilization and optimal allocation of resources in a wider range, thus promoting the development of regional economy. Take the European Community (EU), a model of regional economic integration, as an example. At the end of 1992, the European Community formed a unified big market, which increased the GDP of 12 member countries by 4.5% on average, created1800,000 new jobs, and reduced the commodity prices by 6. 1%, which improved the member countries. However, the new economic welfare value is even more impressive. The benefits of removing trade barriers are equivalent to 0.2% of the European Community's GNP, the benefits of removing barriers that affect production are 2.2% of the European Community's GNP, and the benefits of making full use of economies of scale are 65,438+0.6% of the GNP.
Facing the development trend of economic globalization and international regional economic integration, China has taken active measures. On the one hand, its successful entry into WTO has created a broader development space for China and won the right to participate in the formulation of world economic rules; On the other hand, it became an important member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and successfully held the APEC Shanghai Conference. Initiate and successfully establish the Shanghai Cooperation Organization with Russia and some CIS countries in Central Asia; China-ASEAN Free Trade Area is being established with ten ASEAN countries (10+ 1). However, at present, China still faces great challenges and pressures in the face of serious market segmentation in domestic regions, serious convergence of industrial structures among regions, unbalanced economic development and weak competitiveness of domestic enterprises. Under this background, we should learn from the experience of international regional economic integration, strengthen regional economic ties and cooperation in some areas with similar economic development level to China, promote the free flow of goods and production factors, thus promoting the coordinated development of regional economy, optimize the allocation of resources, continuously narrow the development differences between regions, improve the comprehensive competitiveness of regions, and promote the construction of a unified domestic market by developing a number of cross-regional economic entities (large enterprise groups), and finally improve China. Some scholars call it "regional economic integration". Although this formulation can be scrutinized, its original intention is to promote the free flow of commodities and production factors and form a distinctive regional economy, which should be seriously considered. We believe that accelerating the coordinated economic development in some areas and forming economic zones with big cities as the center and close economic ties and cooperation within the region are important measures to deal with economic globalization and international and regional economic integration, and are also an inevitable trend to accelerate the process of socialist modernization.
Second, the Yangtze River Delta region is expected to become an important economic zone with close economic ties and close cooperation in the region.
After more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China has formed some regional economic alliances, especially some coastal and riverside areas with good economic foundation and early opening up. The relationship and cooperation between regional economies are relatively close, and some inter-provincial and inter-city economic regions have emerged. The most famous ones are the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai as the center, the Pearl River Delta with Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai as the center, the Bohai Bay Economic Circle with Beijing and Tianjin as the center, the Western Chongqing Economic Corridor with Chongqing as the center, the Chengdu-Chongqing Plain Economic Circle with Chengdu as the center, and the Northeast Economic Circle with Dalian and Shenyang as the center.
These areas have made great progress in promoting the coordinated development of regional economy and strengthening economic ties and cooperation within the region, each with its own characteristics. In contrast, the Yangtze River Delta region may take the lead in becoming an important economic zone with close economic ties and cooperation in the region, no matter from the perspective of economic development level and market perfection, or from the perspective of industrial structure layout and scientific research and development strength.
(A) the Yangtze River Delta region to strengthen regional economic ties and cooperation is the inherent demand of regional productivity development.
The economic ties and cooperation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, especially in the Yangtze River Delta region, have always been valued by the government, enterprises and all sectors of society. After the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a major strategic decision on 1992 to develop and build the Yangtze River Delta and the economic belt along the Yangtze River, they entered a new stage. /kloc-in the past 0/0 years, especially in the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai as the center, the productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, the private economy has flourished, and the GDP growth rate has been at the forefront of the country. It is precisely because of the rapid development of productive forces that the Yangtze River Delta naturally has a strong demand to realize the free flow and optimal allocation of production factors in a larger scope. It is the general trend to stop redundant construction and production, strengthen regional rational division of labor and strengthen contact and cooperation. This regional alliance, which is produced by the development of productive forces, plays down the concept of local interests and pursues the overall interests of coordinated development of regional economy. The economic ties and cooperation between Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou are increasingly close, and small and medium-sized cities such as Kunshan, Jiaxing and Shaoxing are striving to be the "back gardens" of big cities. Therefore, it is the inherent demand of regional productivity development that makes the Yangtze River Delta region have the motivation and the possibility of success to strengthen close economic ties and cooperation within the region.
(2) Strengthening regional economic ties and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region is an inevitable choice to adapt to the development of the international economic environment.
The Yangtze River Delta region has always been one of the regions with the most frequent contact with the outside world in China. The goal of Shanghai in the new century is to become an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center as soon as possible. Kunshan, Suzhou and other places have become gathering places for Taiwanese businessmen, and Ningbo has a natural connection with overseas Chinese capital. With the development of regional economy, the whole Yangtze River Delta region has the desire to strengthen its ties with the international market. At the same time, the Yangtze River Delta's efforts to integrate with the international market have also received rich returns, and multinational companies have laid chess pieces with global strategic significance here. The Yangtze River Delta will undoubtedly be an outpost for China to meet international competition after its entry into WTO. However, if the WTO rules are fully implemented, there are still obstacles such as market segmentation and difficult resource flow in the region, which will inevitably lead to a fierce collision between regional economic operation and WTO rules and pay a very huge price. Therefore, it is an inevitable choice for the Yangtze River Delta to integrate into the external economy, form a unified regional market and realize the close contact and cooperation of regional economy.
(c) Compared with other regions in China, the Yangtze River Delta region is better equipped to achieve close economic ties and cooperation within the region.
At present, the three regions with the most developed economy and the best institutional conditions in China are Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Bay Economic Circle. Some scholars have compared the three regions from the perspective of competitiveness, as shown in the following table:
Competitiveness index of Bohai economic circle in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta
Comprehensive competitiveness 73.26 72.76 69.42
Initial competitiveness13.0014.3613.79
Potential competitiveness 23.2 1 22.20 22.50
Actual competitiveness 37. 15 36.20 33.438+03
In the table, the initial competitiveness includes the location, natural conditions, population, labor force and other factors of the region; Potential competitiveness includes soft environmental factors such as infrastructure and legal environment in the region; The actual competitiveness includes indicators such as operating effect, labor productivity and GDP (see Cultivating Regional Economic Advantages, Jiefang Daily, July 29, 2002). It can be seen that although the three major economic regions have their own advantages, from the current economic strength and development potential, the Yangtze River Delta region has a better economic foundation and development space than other regions to strengthen close economic ties and cooperation within the region and improve its comprehensive competitiveness. However, we should also see that the Pearl River Delta region, Bohai Bay Economic Circle and other regions also have many good experiences in this regard, which need to be carefully studied and used for reference by the Yangtze River Delta region.
In addition, the Yangtze River Delta has formed its own unique Wuyue culture in the long-term historical changes. The profound cultural heritage makes the economic exchanges in the Yangtze River Delta more convenient. Moreover, the Yangtze River Delta region also has rich experience in regional cooperation, which is frequently carried out through the "Yangtze River Delta City Coordination Meeting". For example, 1/3 of Shanghai's domestic economic cooperation projects are in cooperation with other cities and counties in the Yangtze River Delta, and 60% of foreign investment is invested in the Yangtze River Delta. After years of exploration and practice of regional cooperation, the local governments in the Yangtze River Delta region have a considerable understanding and preparation on how to strengthen the close economic ties and cooperation within the region.
(D) Strengthening regional economic ties and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta is conducive to promoting the construction of a unified domestic market.
The direct purpose of strengthening close economic ties and cooperation in this region is to promote the free flow of commodities and production factors and the optimal allocation of resources in this region, thus improving the overall strength of this region. But the far-reaching significance lies in promoting the construction of a unified domestic market and realizing the optimal allocation of resources in a wider range. The Yangtze River Delta region has a broader radiation space than other regions in China. It is not only located in the middle of the coast of China, which is beneficial to radiate to the whole country along the "Gold Coast", but also the leader of the Yangtze River basin. With the natural "golden waterway" of the Yangtze River, it can radiate to the inland areas and western regions of China through Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing. This is of great strategic significance for promoting the construction of a unified domestic market, promoting the development of the western region and promoting the coordinated development of the national economy.
Third, the Yangtze River Delta region to strengthen regional economic ties and cooperation target design
(1) Direct objective: to promote the common economic development of the Yangtze River Delta.
The direct goal of strengthening the close economic ties and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region is to focus on strengthening the ties and cooperation between cities in the region 15, eliminate relevant institutional obstacles, promote the free flow of goods and production factors in the region, transform resource competition into resource sharing, and transform vicious industrial competition into effective industrial division and cooperation, thus optimizing the resource allocation in the Yangtze River Delta region, greatly improving the production efficiency in the region, and making the Yangtze River Delta region as a whole an important economic growth pole in China in the new century.
(2) Important goal: to promote the coordinated economic development in the surrounding areas of the Yangtze River Delta.
International regional economic integration pays more attention to economic cooperation within the region. While promoting its own economic development, it often regards countries and regions outside the region as competitors, which is often closed. However, the close economic ties and cooperation within the Yangtze River Delta region is an open and coordinated regional economy and an important economic development in the overall national economic development pattern. This is also different from international regional economic integration. When the comparative interests of the Yangtze River Delta reach the limit in its original scope, it will inevitably develop to a larger regional scope, will inevitably absorb and accommodate the surrounding areas, and will inevitably promote the coordinated economic development of the surrounding areas including northern Jiangsu, southern Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Fujian, and realize the optimal allocation of resources in a larger scope. It can be predicted that the coordinated economic development in the Yangtze River Delta will drive the common prosperity of the whole Yangtze River basin.
(C) the ultimate goal: to promote the construction of a unified domestic market
The ultimate goal of strengthening the close economic ties and cooperation within the Yangtze River Delta region is to promote the construction of a unified domestic market. Achieving close economic ties and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region will greatly improve the production efficiency and social welfare of this region, and the overall competitiveness of this region will also be greatly enhanced, which will affect other regions in China. The development of the Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Economic Circle will also promote the development of the Yangtze River Delta. There are both competition, cooperation and complementarity, and promoting local cooperation within and between regions through interaction will gradually transform the originally scattered domestic market into several regional large markets centered on big cities, thus ultimately promoting the construction of a unified domestic market.
Four, some suggestions to promote the Yangtze River Delta region to achieve close economic ties and cooperation within the region.
(1) Further emancipate the mind and change ideas.
For a long time, although the Yangtze River Delta region has a stronger awareness of strengthening economic ties and cooperation than other regions in China. However, due to the influence of the planned economy, some places "take enclosure as a prison" for their own interests, which hinders the free flow of goods and production factors between regions, distorts the allocation of resources, and vicious competition and time-consuming and labor-consuming occur from time to time. Therefore, to achieve close economic ties and cooperation in the region, the first task is to keep pace with the times, further emancipate the mind and change ideas, which are no longer limited to the gains and losses of local interests, but proceed from the overall interests of the Yangtze River Delta region. Enterprises, especially trans-regional large enterprise groups, should serve the economy of the whole Yangtze River Delta region and strengthen economic ties and cooperation inside and outside the region.
(2) Suggest that the government further transform its functions.
Under the condition of market economy, enterprises should be the main body for economic ties and cooperation. Enterprises are the main body of market competition and resource allocation. Enterprises choose partners through market competition, reorganize alliances and optimize resource allocation. It is suggested that the government should focus on planning and clarify the direction of industrial structure adjustment and optimization, so as to give full play to regional comparative advantages, manage public affairs, provide public services, maintain public order, create a fair, equitable and open market environment for enterprises to strengthen economic ties and cooperation, and provide conditions for investment and financing, property rights transactions, talent flow and local taxation. Do not engage in "pandering" and do not interfere in negotiations and consultations between enterprises and relevant regulations on exchanges and cooperation.
(C) the establishment of a strong promotion mechanism
The coordinated development of the economy in the Yangtze River Delta is a systematic construction project, and it is necessary to establish a powerful promotion institution including guidance institutions, coordination institutions and execution institutions;
1. It is suggested that the "Steering Committee for Coordinated Economic Development in the Yangtze River Delta Region" should be composed of leaders of the State Planning Commission, the Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank and other relevant departments and regional economic experts. The Committee's main responsibility is to provide strategic and directional guidance for the coordinated economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region, and to help solve the connection with national planning and related policies.
2. It is suggested to further enhance the functions and responsibilities of the existing "Joint Meeting of Mayors in the Yangtze River Delta Region" to make it a coordinating body for economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region, hold consultations on major issues of economic development in this region, and make plans or decisions on infrastructure construction, combating economic crimes, and maintaining market order.
3. It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta Regional Economic Cooperation Office should be established by the cooperation offices of the Yangtze River Delta 15 cities, the Planning Commission, the Economic and Trade Commission, the departments of finance, taxation and finance, and some trans-regional large enterprise groups. Branches such as infrastructure coordination office, industrial structure coordination office and regional environmental comprehensive improvement office can be set up to implement the planning and relevant decisions made by the "joint meeting of mayors" and be responsible for organizing regional economic ties and cooperation.
(4) Accelerate the construction of regional factor markets.
In order to promote the free flow of production factors in the region, it is necessary to have a developed market system and a regional factor market. It is suggested to jointly establish a regional property rights trading center on the basis of the existing property rights trading centers in the region; It is suggested that the Yangtze River Development Bank be established to help enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta to achieve off-site financing. It is suggested that the talent exchange centers around the country should be combined to form the Yangtze River talent market. Encourage qualified enterprises to speed up the pace of listing, and suggest allowing some private capital financing in northern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu where private economy is developed. Through the construction of these regional factor markets, the optimal allocation of resources in the region will be promoted.
(5) Give full play to the role of trans-regional large enterprise groups.
In the process of strengthening close economic ties and cooperation within the region, trans-regional large enterprise groups should become the main force of regional economic operation. Through trans-regional large-scale enterprise groups, the industrial structure of the Yangtze River Delta region will be integrated, and the transaction costs and risks will be reduced through the internalization of market transactions, so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources. Can we consider increasing M&A activities among enterprises in several key industries in the Yangtze River Delta region to form a large-scale cross-regional enterprise group? It is suggested to form super-large enterprise groups in steel, automobile, petrochemical, service trade and other industries through acquisition, merger and merger. At the same time, support and rely on large enterprise groups such as "Yangtze River Joint Development (Group) Co., Ltd." (Changfa Group) to promote regional economic ties and cooperation, give necessary policy support, help them become bigger and stronger, and make them a pillar enterprise for coordinated economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region.
In the process of cross-regional integration of large enterprise groups, it is suggested that local governments give support and guidance and help solve related problems. If we make efforts to form a dozen or dozens of trans-regional large enterprise groups in the Yangtze River Delta region, it is just around the corner that the Yangtze River Delta region will take the lead in becoming an important economic zone with close economic ties and close cooperation throughout the country.
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