Miao Xiyong, whose real name is Zhong Chun, whose real name is Mu Tai, is a famous TCM clinician and TCM expert in Ming Dynasty. He is the grandson of Li Sitang (who studied medicine under the famous scholar Zhu Yuanzhai) and the brother of Miao Changqi, a scholar in Wanli. Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, he lived in Changxing for many years, got a scholarship, lived in Jintan County with Zhang Shitai, and lived in the same city as Wang Kentang. Make good use of cold and damp medicine to treat diseases. After 30 years of hard work, he finally wrote many works, among which Shennong Herbal Classic and Xianxingzhai Medical Records are his representative works.

Main experience: Miao Xiyong was born in the 25th year of Jiajing (1546). At the age of eight, my father died and my relatives and friends were separated. Because he/kloc-suffered from malaria when he was 0/7 years old, he did not recover after a long period of medical treatment. He checked Su Wen. ) "Summer injury will inevitably lead to malaria in summer and autumn, and he treats his personal ailments according to the feeling of summer evil, while" Fang is weak ",the portal is declining, and the world is tired and tangled, so he is often angry, in the way, and counts the diseases of babies." He became interested in Huang Qi's way and stayed with Sima, a disciple who entered the room in Gao Panlong, Wuxi. He thinks that Wenyangyang has many proofs, and makes good use of pure alcohol and cold to fold. He is famous for reusing plaster to nourish yin. Whenever there is distress or strange disease, "common doctors care about each other and leave", and people "must pay attention to Mr. Miao". Miao has made many friends all his life. I have known Shen Jinheng (word Liang Zhen), Chen (word), Wang Wenlu (word, meaning) and Tang Buyan, and I have been living with Renqiu monk Pei (staying in Jintan Xichan Temple), inspector Chen Chishi, Biejia Yu Runfu, civil affairs department Zhang Hengyang, imperial academy Zhang Xuanpu, Hanlin Shi Heting, and division. In order to collect folk prescriptions, he wrote "Daobi Decoction and the Legacy of Folk Medicine" (preface to Ding Yuanjian's Notes on Awakening the Mind First). He has a good friendship with Wang Kentang. He selflessly introduced his experience of enriching blood with Ziziphus jujuba seed in Nanjing, and later passed on Shiseido Pill, an effective prescription for treating nasal congestion, invigorating spleen and appetizing, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea. "All books compiled by Fan Yutai are compiled by Zhong Chun" (Wang Gujin's Medical History).

The representative works are Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica and Guang's Notes on Xianxingzhai Medicine.

Academic content: 1. The treatment theory of changing febrile diseases into common diseases, combined with the differences of times and regions, is quite "opening many doors independently", cutting Zhongjing into methods, such as treating the sun, abandoning Magui, and taking Notopterygium Decoction as the main method. This is because on the land of the south of the Yangtze River, "there is never strong wind, but there is always damp heat." Notopterygium root is the key to dispel wind, dispel cold and remove dampness, so it is the monarch medicine. Meanwhile, perilla and scallion are added in autumn and winter. If the patient feels irritable, it will be cold if he likes it, hot if he doesn't like it, and thirsty at the same time, that is, to introduce Yangming, gypsum, Anemarrhena rhizome and Ophiopogon japonicus should be added to Notopterygium decoction, and a large dose will help to sweat.

2. When Miao Zhongchun treated hematemesis, he thought that the main causes of hematemesis were yin deficiency and excessive fire, which forced blood to move wildly, hyperactivity of liver-qi, liver failing to store blood, and qi rising against fire to lung-gold, injuring yang collaterals. Qi goes against blood, fire rises and blood overflows. Of course, other bleeding, such as hemoptysis and epistaxis caused by hyperactivity of qi and fire and liver failing to store blood, can also be used. Therefore, three keys to treat hematemesis are put forward, that is, promoting blood circulation is better than stopping bleeding; It is advisable to tonify the liver without cutting it; It is advisable to reduce qi without reducing fire.

3. Pay attention to the spleen and stomach. The theory of spleen and stomach in Dongyuan governs the spleen, which tends to yang dryness. Although Miao worships his theory, it has developed. Use bitter and cold products with caution, such as Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Alpiniae, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, etc., so as not to hurt the spleen and drain. The warm and dry drugs that rob the body fluid, such as Atractylodes macrocephala and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, are said to strengthen the stomach and remove dampness, but can save the standard, while taking too much can diarrhea the spleen and damage the body fluid. So it is appropriate to stop, but you can't use it indiscriminately. He pointed out that there are twelve syndromes of spleen deficiency, and the general prescription is the difference between spleen yang deficiency and spleen yin deficiency. Spleen yang deficiency should be warmed and spleen yin deficiency should be cleared. For those who have been ill for a long time, spleen yang is injured and spleen yin is insufficient, so both spleen and yin should be treated. However, the spleen likes dryness and hates dampness, so it flows into dryness. Therefore, Miao warned: "I only know that the fragrance is dry and warm, which is the way to treat the spleen, but I don't know that it is sweet, cold, moist and beneficial to yin." In view of this, he often uses ginseng, white lentils, yam, lotus seeds, dried tangerine peel, poria cocos, fried licorice, jujube or jujube kernels, concha Haliotidis, Adenophora, Ophiopogon japonicus, white peony root, Amomum villosum and malt to regulate the spleen and stomach.

4. Distinguishing between true and false strokes, Miao Zhongyu thinks that "the difference between true and false strokes is thousands of miles." And point out their differences. In order to feel exogenous wind evil, in the cold northwest, where the breath is strong, people with qi deficiency tend to do whatever they want, which are divided into middle viscera, middle fu organs and middle meridians. Dirty people die more, people with dirty bowels become useless, and people with meridians can recuperate. The real treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is to eliminate wind evil first, and then nourish qi and blood, so Xiao Xu Tang Ming can be used. Medicinal Ramulus Cinnamomi, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Arisaematis. In "excessive heat and phlegm, insufficient true yin, extremely intense internal heat, body fluid suffering, congealing into phlegm, blocked airway, extremely hot heat, making the servant suddenly stiff." Most of the sick people are in the south of the Yangtze River where there is no strong wind but there is a lot of hot and humid air, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and other places, and they are unconscious, or their mouth and eyes are skewed, or their language is astringent, or they are hemiplegic. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be manifested as internal heat syndrome, such as dry mouth and bitter tongue, blocked stool and short and astringent urine. Liu Hejian believes that the pathogenesis of "class in class" is that it is not appropriate to lose interest, and water does not control fire; Zhu Danxi thought that the fire of damp heat, phlegm in the middle, gas in the middle. On the basis of absorbing their theories, Miao believes that the internal deficiency and dark wind are indeed yin and yang deficiency, and there are many people with yin deficiency, which is different from exogenous wind evil. Treat the target with the methods of clearing away heat (Radix Asparagi, Radix Ophiopogonis, Flos Chrysanthemi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Poria, Trichosanthis Radix, and latrine), regulating qi (Perillae Fructus, Pepper Leaf, Orange, and Radix Curcumae), and resolving phlegm (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Semen Sinapis Albae, Bamboo Juice, Li Jing, and Cortex Periplocae), while the root cause is nourishing yin (Radix Asparagi, Flos Chrysanthemi, and Miao Xuegen think that if "moderate"

5. Xin Liangfa Powder for the treatment of rash Miao Zhongchun summarized the main symptoms of rash as cough, sneezing, tears, diarrhea, excessive phlegm heat, thirst, boredom, and even madness, sore throat and weakness of lips. And summed up the characteristics of treating rash, pointing out that rash is caused by lung and stomach heat evil, "almost gas epidemic and so on!" Therefore, it is not appropriate to treat rash according to the syndrome, but when the root cause is cured to eliminate pathogenic heat, the syndrome will retreat. The pathogenic heat is mainly cold and scattered, and pungent cold, sweet cold and bitter cold are used for medicine. But it's best to avoid acid harvest, and it's best to be pungent and scattered, and the facilities are warming up, which is a disaster. Xin San such as Schizonepeta, Radix Puerariae, Salix Xihe, Gypsum Fibrosum and Herba Ephedrae; Cool as Scrophularia, mint and bamboo leaves; Sweet and cold, such as Ophiopogon japonicus, raw licorice and sugarcane pulp; Bitter and cold herbs such as Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Cortex Phellodendri, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Fructus Forsythiae, etc. are also used. A rash at first must be accompanied by a cough, but I can't stop coughing. If the rash is accompanied by asthma, do not use antiasthmatic drugs. It is advisable to use a large dose of bamboo leaf gypsum soup with Xihe willow, Scrophularia root and mint. Anything that is very hot is white tiger soup with Xihe willow. Avoid Cimicifuga, which will make him gasp. Diarrhea patients should not stop diarrhea. Coptidis Rhizoma, Cimicifuga Rhizoma, Radix Puerariae and Glycyrrhrizae Radix can be used. It is considered that diarrhea is not suitable for rash families, and diarrhea will relieve Yangming's evil heat. Cough after rash, clear away heat and resolve phlegm, and do not use astringents such as Schisandra chinensis. Postpartum diarrhea and bloody stool are all caused by pathogenic heat, so astringency is forbidden, and it is better to promote dispersion. Cimicifuga, Radix Puerariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Lablab Album and Rhizoma Coptidis are still in use. After the prickly heat, the vitality comes back and the spleen and stomach are weak. It is advisable to take Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata as the monarch and lotus seed meat, white lentils, yam, Ophiopogon japonicus and longan as the ministers. If you take more, you will become stronger. After the eruption, honeysuckle, forsythia, Scrophularia, licorice, Huaidi, flax and coptis should be used.

Clinical application Miao Xiyong is diligent in studying medical methods and brave in practice, which is unique in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The characteristics of his diagnosis and treatment can be summarized as follows: (1) to cure colds; Create three tips for treating hematemesis; Pay attention to the spleen and stomach; Distinguish true and false internal and external strokes; Treatment of rash with xinliang divergence.

Anecdotal allusions He visited Beijing on business and entrusted Kang to support his mother. Her mother has diarrhea, and Mr. and Mrs. Kang take care of it as a daughter-in-law. After her death, "Jumeiliao" (Yan's Old Records of Southern Wu, Volume II) shows that she has a wide range of friends, sharing weal and woe.

Miao Gong's "Festival of Honesty" is a local hero. When Yang Lian took office as the magistrate of Changshu, he first visited him and asked him modestly. Zhong Chun recommended Mao Qing, a millionaire in Hidden Lake, to help * * * develop water conservancy and teach him the experience of growing grain. He also encouraged Jin Mao, the son of Mao Qing, to go to Fushui Mountain Villa to learn from the teacher, build a library (building a library and Mugeng Building), buy the Song and Yuan dynasty block prints at a high price, and make paper (made in Shi Mao).

Miao Xiyong's personality is unrestrained. Mr. Miao communicates with members of Xileng Poetry Society. Every time he talks about the rise and fall of state affairs in ancient and modern times, the military strategists win or lose, and the sound is so loud that they want to destroy the wall house. He was full of beans and vegetables, "wine is hot", spoke his mind, "screamed at the sky" and flew with joy.

The characters have a profound evaluation of Miao's clinical argument, ingenious conception, simple language and well-prepared methods, which are praised by many Taisha in later generations. Since Xue Ji, when the wind of warming and reinforcing prevailed, Miao can boldly express his views and advocate coolness, which is worth appreciating and learning. After practicing medicine, I worked hard at writing and cultivating, accumulated 30 years of hard work, and finally wrote a lot of books. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, Notes on Early Awakening and Herbs for Zhai are his representative works, which enriched the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine, so they gained an excellent reputation at that time and were introduced into the Ming history together with Li Shizhen.

Later generations had a great influence on Miao Xiyong's academic thought. Miao believes that "typhoid fever" is a general term for many infectious diseases, with typhoid fever in winter and fever and fever in spring and summer, which belong to typhoid fever with untimely birth. No matter "typhoid fever" or "epidemic febrile disease", pathogenic factors must come from the nose and mouth. This is his original thought, which has a great influence on the development of febrile diseases and febrile diseases in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is one of the influential figures formed by the school of febrile diseases. In the treatment of hematemesis, he put forward three wonderful methods to treat hematemesis; For the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, Miao is good at moistening dryness and refreshing mind; Miao Zhongchun's medicine for treating apoplexy is Ganrun Qingling, which opened the precedent for clinical treatment of apoplexy and laid the foundation for Zhang's eight methods for treating apoplexy. In the treatment of rash, his two books, The Theory of Treating Rash at the Same Time and The Theory of Continued Rash, still play a guiding role in clinic.

Miao Xiyong believes that from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it has been more than 1000 years, with relaxed atmosphere and fragile characters. The situation is completely different from that of Beitu, so its medicine can sometimes be changed, not for Zhongjing. Learn what you want, change it and follow the times. If so, the law will not end in poverty. "

"Blood can't flow through the channels and collaterals, and qi goes against the channels and collaterals."

"The liver is the officer of the general, and the main blood is hidden. The liver that vomits blood is out of duty, the liver that nourishes the liver is flat, and the blood returns. If you cut it, you can't hide blood, because the liver is deficient, the more blood there is. "

"Too much gas leads to fire, and when the gas drops, the fire drops, and when the fire drops, the gas does not rise. Blood flows with the gas, and there is no danger of overflow. You must use a cold agent to reduce the fire, which will hurt your stomach. If the stomach is injured, the spleen will not control the blood and the blood will not return to the meridian. "

"Stomach gas, that is, the day after tomorrow. Based on grain qi, that is to say: the pulse with stomach qi is life, and the pulse without stomach qi is death. He also said: the valley is safe, the valley is prosperous, and when you leave the valley, you will die. It can be seen that the innate qi is still not exhausted, and the dirty will not hurt quickly. Stomach gas alone occasionally hurts, which will kill you quickly. " "Valley gas, Pixian reimbursement, reimbursement of the necessary, are made; Stomach qi is defeated, and it is difficult to apply a hundred medicines. "