Introduction of works
Chusai is a seven-character quatrain written by Xu Xilin, a modern bourgeois revolutionary and poet.
This poem was written in the spring of 1906. The works inherit the style of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty in art, and have the characteristics of heroic and vigorous. Describe the frontier life of soldiers. This poem expresses the author's strong determination to fight and the revolutionary spirit of dying for his country by describing the heroism of soldiers who participated in the war.
original text
Cross the border
[Qing] Xu Xilin
Military songs should be sung with broadswords, vowed to destroy Hunu, and went out of Jade Pass.
Only the battlefields where countries die, why do they die in boots?
translate
Soldiers who go to war should come to Victory Day singing military songs.
Determined to drive the Manchu rulers out of Shanhaiguan.
Soldiers only know that on the battlefield, they have to die for their country.
Why do you consider transporting the body back to your hometown?
To annotate ...
① Ring: homophonic with "Huan", which was often used by the ancients as a code word for returning home.
② Hunu: refers to the feudal rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Guan Yu: Yumenguan Pass in Gansu Province was the main exit route in Han Dynasty.
③ Battlefield: This refers to Pingsha wilderness, followed by battlefield. The ancients said, "The battlefield is even connected with Hu Yue."
4 Marco wrapped himself up: fought bravely and died in the battlefield. Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty: Xiongnu and Wuhuan in Jin Fang are still in the north, and they want to attack by themselves. A man should be a dead man. He should wear boots to bury his ears. "
works appreciation
Shopping for Blood on the Battlefield is a frontier poem written by 1906. At that time, the author returned from Japan, traveled north, inspected the situation in Jilin and Liaoning, and had many feelings along the way, so he left this seven-character poem.
The first two sentences are written with great momentum. "Military songs should sing broadswords, swear to destroy Hunu, and go out to Jade Pass." Soldiers going out to war should sing battle songs and wave broadswords, and they should always kill the rulers of the Qing Dynasty outside. Guan Yu, originally referred to as Yumenguan, here refers to Shanhaiguan. The Qing government made a fortune outside the customs and wanted to kill them and wipe them out completely. The word "ring" is used here to indicate that the anti-Qing struggle will win, and the soldiers will return home in triumph singing and dancing. The last two sentences are extremely tragic and express the author's mood. "If you only broke the battlefield for your country, why did they die wearing boots?" As a soldier, all you think about is dying for your country, and you don't think about what is behind you at all. If you died for your country and died a worthy death, why use "they were wearing boots when they died"?
This poem expresses the author's revolutionary passion and spirit of sacrifice, full of heroism, and gives full play to his enthusiasm for serving the motherland and dying in the battlefield. A year after writing this poem, the author was arrested in Anqing Uprising, and the Qing government asked him to write a confession. He wrote a straight book: "You can kill me, cut my heart, break my hands and feet, and break my whole body, but you can't kill students unjustly." Later, he died generously and realized his ideal with his life. This poem is full of passionate feelings, generous and tragic tone and heroic spirit. The last sentence, "Why did they die in boots", shows his heroic spirit of just dying. In a word, this is a rare good poem in modern frontier poems.
Posterity evaluation
Yang Shen said: This poem is fascinating. The word "bright moon in Qin dynasty" is difficult to understand. Li waited on Yu, who said, "The gun is a spear, and the moon is a moon.". This poem borrows words and has profound implications. Although Gaiyan made an expedition in the Qin Dynasty, he didn't set a pass, but in the land of the bright moon, he still had the intention of not exceeding the time. Han, on the other hand, is guarded by customs, and there is no return period for recruiting people. Therefore, Lai Fei only guards the border, although he is particularly alert in the border of Siyi.
Li Yuli's statement that quatrains in the Tang Dynasty should be suppressed by this means, I didn't believe it at first, and Shao Bo (Wang Changling) concentrated on those people who were extremely scheming. Think about it. If you don't understand, take something else. Intentionally or unintentionally, this poem is inevitable. (Wang Shizhen in Yi Yan Yuan, Volume 4)
Li Yu chose seven-character quatrains from the Tang Dynasty, taking Wang Longbiao's "Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty, Customs in Han Dynasty" as the first priority, and talked with people and refused to accept it. On the scale, don't play the word "bright moon in Qin dynasty" If you want to roll, you should also ask for it in William Wang's Wine and Wang Zhihuan's Far Up the Yellow River. (Collection of Wang Shimao's Art Gardens)
Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" Volume II also said: Seven-character quatrains, only Wang Jiangning can be flawless, followed by Chu Guangxi and Cui. Even if "the bright moon in the Qin Dynasty is a break in Han Dynasty", the sentence is not refined, but it is not high, but it can be used as a regular poem to apply a small poem, which is a serious illness.
Shi Buhua: The Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty, The Rise of the Yellow River and After the Snow in Tianshan Mountain are all famous frontier works with strong ideas and high syllables, which are boring to read. ("Shi Shuo of the Volunteers")
Huang Mucun: "The bright moon in Qin Dynasty and the pass in Han Dynasty" is a perfect word and beyond reproach. It's just that this sentence has exhausted its meaning, and the next sentence is announced. The general idea is that Qin built the Great Wall, and Han also kept it, and the mountains and the bright moon were so sad; Wan Li recruitment has not returned to Japan. Several sides will win people, and the atmosphere will be quieter; However, it is easier said than done, but this month.
Brief introduction of the author
Xu Xilin (187365438+February17-1July 7, 907) was born in Dongpu Town, Yinshan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. China's modern democratic revolutionist.
190 1 year Shaoxing official school teacher, later served as deputy inspector. 1903, after the provincial examination, ranked in the vice list. In the same year, he went to Japan in the name of visiting the Osaka World Expo, met Tao and Gong Baoquan in Tokyo, and actively participated in the rescue of Zhang and others imprisoned for anti-Qing. After returning to China, he first founded a bookstore in Shaoxing, spread new translations of books and newspapers, and publicized the anti-Qing revolution. 1904 joined the Shanghai Guangfu association. 1905 founded a sports meeting in Shaoxing, and later founded Datong school, stipulating that all students enrolled in this school should become members of the Guangfu Association and participate in military exercises and training. In the winter of the same year, I went to Japan to learn the army, but I failed to do so because of my eye disease. 1906 returned to China and went to Anhui as deputy general manager of ordnance school and general manager of Anhui patrol school.
1On July 6th, 907, Xu Xilin assassinated Anhui Governor Enming in Anqing, led a student army uprising, captured the armory, fought fiercely for 4 hours, was arrested in failure, and died generously the next day.