The fingers are wide and the time is too thin, so we slip away from them. Our work will make new achievements with our efforts. It's time to make a career plan for ourselves. So what problems should we pay attention to when making career planning? The following are my four career plans for reference only. Welcome to reading.
Career planning Career planning 1 College students' difficulties in choosing jobs, chaotic life planning, unclear ideals and lack of faith are insurmountable difficulties in their own development at this stage. The development essence of the theory of super-career development, the division of career development stages and the drawing of rainbow diagram of life make college vocational education enter a new world. However, at the present stage, the difficulties and requirements of employment guidance and career planning in colleges and universities in China require college career planning education to learn from advanced theories.
1. Overview of Super Career Development Theory and Career Planning
1. 1, Super Career Development Theory
American-born Super is the pioneer of career development theory. He believes that a person's career development in his life cannot be completed by a single choice. In the process of continuous development, with the different influences of individuals and society, it is constantly revised and improved, and finally professional development is realized. This is the core of Super Career Development Theory. As far as his whole career theory is concerned, it can be divided into five stages: growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance and decline. These five stages correspond to different age stages of a person's life. According to the different needs of people in different periods and the differences before and after work, Super thinks that individual roles play multiple roles in career development, and draws a "career rainbow map" according to the different roles of time nodes. Generally speaking, Super's career development theory mainly highlights the relationship between development and career. Occupation is at different stages, and development has different goals. Different development eventually leads to different career results. Therefore, "development" is the essence of super-professional theory.
1.2, career planning and development
Throughout the history of western career planning, it has probably gone through four different stages of development. One is the stage of career guidance, which is also the birth period of "career guidance", mainly the matching mode of people and posts under the theory of characteristic factors; The second is the personal development stage, mainly represented by Rogers' visitor-centered therapy, which mainly emphasizes self-growth and self-knowledge, leading to respect for people's free development; The third stage is career guidance, which super-integrates many branches such as psychology, sociology and personality development theory. The first use of the concept of "occupation" has successfully promoted the transformation of career guidance direction and career choice, which is of milestone significance; Fourth, the internationalization stage of career development. The remarkable commonality of many schools is: pushing career counseling to the direction of paying attention to personal career development and standardizing career development. Mainly manifested in the fact that the original simple solution to the employment problem has turned to a self-realization development model.
2. Requirements of college students' career planning education on career development theory.
2. 1, the demand of the development of the times for the career development theory of higher vocational education.
At first, the essence of career planning education in colleges and universities in China is to balance structural supply and demand, let useful people go to the positions they need, and let the units that need talents get talents, mainly the transmission and distribution of information; In the period of self-employment, employment guidance is mainly to provide information publishing platform for everyone, so that skilled people can go to their favorite positions, which is an expansion of interest and a boost to people's talents and liberation. With the expansion of university enrollment and the influx of employment force, the scarcity of jobs has gradually become a career dilemma for college students, and students' own abilities and potentials are restricted and suppressed to some extent by the traditional university education model. Therefore, the theory of career development is a longitudinal promotion of college students' career planning education, and it also conforms to the development direction urgently needed by the current development environment.
2.2. The requirements of college students' self-career planning for career development theory.
When college students step into society, it indicates that they will step into a highly competitive social environment. In the fierce competition, all kinds of "truth" of "life does not believe in tears" will be placed in front of college students. The social rhythm is gradually accelerating in the process of development, and the demand for talents is also different from the traditional demand model. The demand for talents has become the main demand of the society from single talents to talents with diversified abilities, and the social demand has higher and higher requirements for college students' career planning education. College students have relatively abundant study time in colleges and universities, and there are various channels to improve their abilities, which lays a foundation for the society to provide talents with various needs, and also puts forward more detailed requirements for students to carry out effective career planning during their school days. The development of society is different from the slow pace of the school, and it is also different from the school's "be immersed in love." After entering the society, college students will feel too much frustration if they don't have a clear and flexible career plan, especially in the process of social survival. Once habitual setbacks appear, there will be psychological hints that cannot be treated objectively when applying for a job, choosing a job or modifying career development.
2.3. Social demand for career development theory of higher vocational education.
With the continuous advancement of social development, the market-oriented competitive situation has developed into the mainstream of society. The demand for talents from all walks of life requires talents with good development potential, especially those with high emotional intelligence and adversity quotient, who can understand timely compromise, timely struggle and timely retreat. They are the comprehensive talents that society has been pursuing. In colleges and universities, if college students can really learn the knowledge of career planning and development and assist them in their own development planning, they will be invincible in the cruel competition of society, and at least be able to adjust their ideals and goals appropriately through different roles and promotion paths pointed by different positions in different periods. Without a good career plan, college students will inevitably feel confused when they grow up in society. Once you enter a job that is far from your ideal in life, there will inevitably be a development path that deviates from your ideal. Compared with social elimination, giving up ideals belongs to the difference between survival and life. Therefore, all walks of life need colleges and universities to educate and manage college students' career planning in order to avoid the emergence of "talents" who are difficult to "bear" various pressures.
2.4. The education system of career development theory of higher vocational education.
College students, most of whom are 16-20 years old when they enter the higher education system, are in adolescence, which is also one of the most plastic periods in their lives. The higher education system requires the cultivation of college students not only to impart knowledge, but more importantly, to impart the ability to survive and the sense of responsibility and mission to contribute to the country. Among the college students trained in colleges and universities, the traditional "favored son of heaven" has been replaced by the highly educated "wage earner" status, and the change of identity formally defines the life roles in different periods. Students who succeed in career planning education often have an accurate career planning orientation for themselves, while students who fail in education are "rampaging" and can't find a breakthrough in development. The overall orientation of the education system requires the trained college students to have good career planning and development ability to ensure the completion of the "task" of education. However, the development of career planning education in China is relatively slow, especially the education system for higher vocational students from a developmental perspective has not yet been fully formed. Therefore, college career planning education under the theory of career development is also the demand of the education system itself.
The enlightenment of 3.3. Enlightenment of Super-career Development Theory on College Students' Career Planning Education
3. 1, the pertinence of planning education stage in colleges and universities
College students' career planning education is the premise for students to get out of school and quickly integrate into society, and it is an important embodiment different from traditional employment education. The five stages of transcendence are different manifestations of life at different ages and five different aspects of understanding things at the same time. How to help college students understand the importance of the five stages of the coexistence of abstraction and concreteness requires targeted guidance from college career planning education. First of all, we should understand the importance of the five stages. Only by understanding their respective characteristics can we plan our own stages more accurately by using the characteristics of the five stages. The second is to understand the logic of five stages, each of which has its own characteristics. Only after understanding can we formulate an effective "life" orientation and complete the revision and elastic reduction of goals in different development stages; The third is to understand the cycle of five stages, which is an organic whole, but it is not a closed single cycle, but a cycle that goes on and on. Each cycle has a different role. For example, after "growth" and "exploration", once college students "establish" a relatively fixed adaptation model and "maintain" their study life in college, they begin to face another stage-preparing for job hunting. The original habits that have been adapted will gradually decline, and then the tasks in the new stage will "grow", "explore", "establish", "maintain" and "decline", and so on.
3.2, the initiative of college students' subjective thoughts
A healthy person is a person with subjective thoughts. No matter what opportunities they encounter on the road of life, they are the result of subjective and objective choices. Different subjective and objective choices will eventually lead to different results. College students' career planning education is an objective and subjective process, and subjective growth is an important factor with initiative in future career development. Without subjective struggle and development, no matter what kind of career planning is impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate college students' subjective initiative by using the core of super-theory. First, it is necessary for college students to have developmental thinking, especially in the new era of social and economic development, it is difficult to plan a forward-looking life without developmental thinking; The second is to enable college students to have the ability of career planning, so that they can have an accurate, at least small deviation, positioning of themselves, thus forming a development planning ability. Third, let college students have active thinking, initiative is a necessary condition for career development, and career development without initiative is not established and maintained, and will eventually give up halfway.
3.3. Cultivate the life span of college students' career development
College students' career planning education can no longer be limited to planning for job hunting, nor will it enter the ideal job hunting environment because of planning. In the rainbow picture of a lifetime, the level represents the width of life that spans a lifetime. For the breadth of life, we can understand the breadth of the "long" degree of life increased for over-age promotion, and also the breadth of knowledge and ability, which increases the breadth of life. First of all, it increases the breadth of knowledge. The information generated by the faster and faster pace of life is huge, and the career planning made by college students without knowledge breadth is incomplete whether they step into society or at school. There is also a lack of consideration and objective planning. Therefore, increasing the breadth of knowledge and experience is the first prerequisite for realistic career planning, and it is also one of the skill factors that can find the wrong route of career planning. The second is to increase the breadth of capabilities. The role of ability is self-evident. It is the golden key to success, and it is also an important force to enrich yourself and increase your chips in life. Without the breadth of ability, it is difficult to form a capable comprehensive talents, and there is no way to start with the difficulties and problems that need to be corrected in the implementation of career planning. Therefore, the breadth of ability is the basis for the smooth implementation of planning in the unknown future.
3.4. Life space expansion of college students' career development.
Living space is the horizontal plane in the super rainbow diagram, which expresses a person's life span. In the five stages of transcendence, each stage has a small stage. Schubert does not emphasize that the division of living space in each period is quite flexible. The expansion of living space is also the breadth of life experience. Career development experience is a person's social adaptability to make correct decisions in time or have the consciousness and ability to solve problems in social life and various social practice activities. In a law of the jungle society, social experience will directly determine the height of his life. Without the necessary social experience, he is likely to hit a wall everywhere. To some extent, social experience determines the height of life and promotes his life. Therefore, college career planning education should try its best to expand the living space of college students, and a broad and multidimensional living space can broaden their horizons. So many college students will use this multidimensional space to create their own living space.
Scientific career planning education is a good way to achieve "high-quality" college students, and it is also the correct direction for higher education system to implement employment guidance. The development thinking supported by the super-development theory is also an important theory that China's higher education can learn from, which is of guiding significance to the in-depth development of college students' career planning education. In terms of future talent demand, we need not only talents with professional skills, but also comprehensive talents who can plan career development in time. Only college students who can actively expand their life span and living space can be invincible in their career development and realize their planned goals and dreams more easily.
refer to
[1] norm. Theoretical Research on College Students' Career Planning [J]. Times Education: Education and Teaching Edition, 20xx(7):42-42.
[2] Zhang Han. A Study on College Students' Career Planning from the Perspective of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory [J]. Henan Education: College Edition, 20xx( 12):68-69.
[3] Hu Yan, Zhang Ying. Research on the present situation and countermeasures of college students' career planning and development education [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Normal University of Science and Technology, 20xx( 1):95-98.
[4] Ping Huang. The Status Quo and Countermeasures of Career Planning Education for Private College Students [J]. China Youth Research, 20xx (7): 99-1kloc-0/.
[5] Wang Ying. Research on career planning education of college students from the perspective of sustainable development [J]. Journal of Chifeng University: Natural Science Edition, 20xx( 13):26 1-263.
[6] Liu Tiantian. Research on Career Planning Education from the Perspective of Linkage Theory [J]. Vocational Education Forum, 20xx( 14):22-25.
Some people disagree with this point in the second part of career planning. It's not too exaggerated to make career planning since childhood, is it? Have you ever thought that it is not easy to set a goal in life and find a career that you can fight for all your life? Just like the college entrance examination, how many people are regretting and sighing at last?
The reason for these problems is that they don't know themselves and don't set reasonable goals for each stage. What major a person wants to study and what field he will strive for in the future are determined by his personality, interests, specialties and values, which are precisely the important basis of career planning and are based on profound self-knowledge. He should consciously discover, explore and summarize from an early age. Parents in China need to change their ideas, guide and explore their children's abilities from an early age, cultivate their children's ability and consciousness to set goals and strive for them through interest-oriented, and gradually form behavior patterns and values. Then when faced with a choice, he will be rational and calm and be able to make a choice that is beneficial to him. If parents intervene from the beginning, they will not only fail to help their children, but may also bury their talents and talents. This is the biggest dereliction of duty as a parent!
Eight elements of career planning
No matter what occupation you are engaged in now or in the future, you must not forget that you are responsible for your occupation.
Second, remember that harmonious interpersonal relationship is very important.
Third, optimize your communication skills.
Fourth, be good at discovering changes and adapting to them.
Fifth, we should be good at learning and applying new technologies.
Sixth, abandon all kinds of misconceptions.
Seven, when choosing an employment unit, you should do more research beforehand.
Eight, we should keep forging ahead and constantly develop new skills.
Career Planning Career Planning Part 3 When applying for a job, most people will focus on their major and work experience on their resumes, and rarely take the initiative to explain their career planning, that is, what you want to do after XX years, or what kind of position you will achieve. In fact, there is no need to be afraid that these unpretentious intentions are left to the employer. Sometimes, a resume with career planning is more popular.
Case record: "Ambition" resume is popular.
Mr. Ding, a senior white-collar worker in a foreign company, won a job opportunity with reasonable career planning. When applying for a job, he briefly described his career plan in his personal data, expressing his willingness to start from the most basic work, spend three to five years getting familiar with the business and mastering the corresponding experience, and then challenge the position of senior supervisor. This "ambitious" resume is impressive. Although he has no outstanding academic background and professional background, the vice president in charge of recruitment made the final decision: "I believe he can succeed." When I was young, my thoughts were exactly the same as this young man. "
At a business seminar for human resource managers, Mr. Ding's case sparked a discussion. Several human resources directors from well-known enterprises affirmed Mr. Ding's practice. These directors believe that apart from the differences in professional ability, what employers really value more is whether the career planning of employees returning to work is transparent and consistent with the development of the company.
One of the directors said that many job seekers only indicate in their resumes what courses they have taken, what social practice activities they have participated in, and what company they have worked or worked in. Only a few job seekers will state their development plans. Through these plans, we can see that the job seeker's intention to apply for a job is well thought out. Even if he has only worked for the enterprise for five years or less in his career planning, the employer is willing to hire such a person with clear goals and transparent planning.
Telling the employer about the career plan is easy to win the favor of the employer, and the honesty of the job seeker will also leave a deep impression on the recruiter, thus winning opportunities for himself. Therefore, it is suggested that job seekers explain their career plans as clearly as possible in their resumes, such as: where is the goal in life? What work have you tried for this goal? What is the relationship between this goal and the development of the applicant enterprise?
Career Planning Career Planning 4 Many newly graduated college students, who have worked in the workplace for several years after graduation, will feel that employment is far from their career ideals, and their salary is far from their expectations. Career development is not carried out step by step according to the formulated plan, so that it is doubtful whether the career plan formulated at the beginning is correct. This situation makes many people feel lost.
Whether you are a college graduate or someone who has worked in the workplace for several years, you must make sure that you can get a promotion in your current working condition, and you can get more job content, work authorization and job responsibilities. Whether you can do the things in front of you. Zhang Haofan, a partner of CC-WiseConsulting, said: "In today's market-oriented environment, it is rare to meet talents. If you have a way to let your direct leader see that you are trying to do trivial things well, then the opportunity can't belong to others, but only to you. "
Zhang Haofan said: "It is difficult to predict what your future career will be like, and whether your future work is related to college majors. Most people's occupations and majors don't match, except for some who study computer, they directly engage in technical work after graduation; In my resume, the coincidence rate between majors such as law, history, Chinese and marketing and future work does not exceed 20%. "
In the past four years, what matters is not what you have done, but what kind of work habits you have developed at work.
What is the most important thing at work?
Zhang Haofan said, "For example, a young man won 5 million pounds in college. Then he chose to quit school and travel around the world. His family can't find him. Later, when he was 27 years old, he was found dead on an island, penniless. This case tells us that money and success need corresponding brains. It is a terrible thing for people to succeed when they are young, which is beyond your ability and unacceptable to their mental ability. In the four or five years after graduating from college, what matters is not what you did, but what kind of good habits you developed at work. This good work habit refers to a serious and down-to-earth work style, and whether you have learned how to accept new things in the fastest time, discover the inherent laws of new things, master these plans in a shorter time than others, and handle them well. With these elements, you will grow up to be trustworthy. Everyone is lazy. When you have the foundation of being trusted by others, and gradually show yourself to be practical, smart and meticulous in your daily work, there will be more and more job opportunities for you. There is a simple reason. Who wants to explain to a person who doesn't understand three sentences or even half an hour a job that can be explained clearly in one sentence and successfully solved by you? Communication is also a cost. The less communication time, the less internal friction, which is what managers know best. When you have more job opportunities than others to get in touch with jobs you have never touched before, you will have another chance to learn. Most newcomers in the workplace can't see much difference in four years, but the experience of these four years is very important for your future career development. "
Career orientation is to define the direction of a person's career development, and it is also the conception and planning of future career development. As the saying goes, "Nothing can be done without will." Because when you plan your career, you must ask yourself three questions. First, what can you do? Second, what are you willing to do? Third, what should you do?
Career planning orientation
Zhang Haofan gave his own explanation to these three questions: "First of all, what can you do? This is the framework of your ability and basic character. If you are willing to deal with people, you can choose to do sales. If you pay great attention to the balance between work and life, and want to go out for parties or travel in your spare time, then sales work is not suitable for you, because sales work involves a lot of substantive contact and the accumulation of resources all in your spare time. If you like to make public and show yourself in public, then financial work is not suitable for you, because the boss in the company doesn't like finance to talk about some company financial things everywhere. So everyone should know what they can do, which belongs to your own ability.
Second, what are you willing to do? An important feature of newcomers in the workplace is that they are particularly willing to follow their own hearts and interests. This is a very important starting point, because if you are not interested in something, you can't do it to the extreme. Only when you are really interested can you achieve the ultimate. We must distinguish hobbies from hobbies in work and occupation, which are essentially different. The so-called interest in work depends on it. You are interested in it not because it is interesting, but because it is interesting at first in the process, and then you gradually find a lot of fun and produce a lot of achievements. In the process of interlocking, I became interested. So it belongs to what you are willing to do.
Third, what should you do? First of all, from the outside, what kind of work and what kind of ability are recognized and more valuable in the workplace. For example, after working for five years, they are also senior engineers, one is a senior software engineer and the other is a senior mechanical engineer. In these two industries, we can see that the overall salary level is at least 50% higher. This is the different value recognized by the market. Know what you want to do, what is the core competitiveness of the workplace, and whether this core competitiveness will be recognized by money, position and development prospects in the future market. "
Young people should learn to wait. The biggest mistake when I was young was not good at waiting. Sometimes the slowest way in the workplace may be the fastest way.