Whenever the historical figures in China are mentioned, people will think of the ambition of Ma Yuan, the general of Fu Bo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, "People should be determined to be human, be strong if they are poor, and be strong when they are old", and the heroism of "People will die in the border areas and be trampled to death by them". This sentence is full of the great spirit of selflessness for the country.
Ma Yuan (65438 BC+04 BC-49 AD) was born in Maoling, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a famous soldier at that time and was called General Fu Bo. Ma Yuan is tall, dark, handsome and very polite. Ma Yuan's father died when he was twelve. He lived a comfortable life without his brother, and went to northern Xinjiang alone to raise horses and develop animal husbandry and agriculture. At that time, many guests came from all directions to join him. During the long Han Dynasty (now in the area of Ningxia and Shaanxi in Gansu), there were hundreds of families who helped him nomadic and farm. Because of his unity with ethnic minorities, local conditions and good management, he soon became a rich family with thousands of cattle and sheep. He lived a simple life without being pampered, and gave most of his property and food to poor herders. Others don't understand his practice, but he says, "All accumulated property is valuable in poverty alleviation, otherwise it will become a miser!" " Later, because of countless heroes and constant wars, he resolutely joined the army and became a general of Suide.
In the eighth year of Jianwu (AD 32), he went to Guangwudi who knew how to use talents, assisted Liu Xiuxiping in Xiao Wei, and sent troops to fight, which led to Xiao Wei being scattered and defeated. In the battle to defeat Qiang Anlong, he took the lead, and his calf was shot through by an arrow, bleeding profusely. He continued to fight until he won. The emperor gave him 3000 sheep and 300 cows, which he distributed to his subordinates and won the respect and support of the soldiers. In the 17th year of Jianwu (AD 4 1), he was named "General Fu Bo".
When Ma Yuan went south, he was going to pack a cart of Coix seed to treat the people, and he planned to promote trial planting in the mainland, but he was falsely accused by treacherous court officials of searching for folk pearls and agates. Hearing this, Ma Yuan poured coix seed into the water in public, so there were Fubotan and Zhu Huan Cave in Guilin.
In the winter of the 23rd year of Jianwu (AD 47), Wu Ximan in Nanling (now Changde, Hunan) rioted again, and the government sent officers and men to suppress it many times, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties. At this time, Ma Yuan was sixty-two years old. He has been fighting abroad for decades. He was weather-beaten and terminally ill, but he still demanded to fight. Emperor Guangwu pitied him for his old age and infirmity, but Ma Yuan said, "I can still put on my horse!" He was successful in my official career, led the army to run around on the battlefield and won many victories, but eventually he died of illness in the army and realized his ambition of "digging his own grave". After Ma Yuan's death, the treacherous court official rose up to frame him. The emperor refused to listen to slanderers, cancelled his title of General Fu Bo, and was not allowed to be formally buried. His wife and family didn't dare to offend Huang Wei, so they had to bury it in the south of Fu Bo Village in Fufeng County.
After Ma Yuan's death, in order to commemorate his great achievements, people of all ethnic groups in southern China were afraid of traitors digging graves and dismembering them, and built graves in Guangxi and Yunnan, leaving the saying that "Ma Yuan has many graves". It was not until Emperor Han Ming's reign that the conspirators were exposed and Ma Yuan's unjust case was cleared. Liu Huodan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, restored the title of general and made him a Hou.
Ma Yuan's ancestral home is Jiangmen, and his ancestors were Zhao She, the general of Zhao in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Zhao She used to be a small official who collected land tax. He is good at raising and controlling horses and has made outstanding achievements. Zhao Huiwen gave him the title? Quot Ma Fujun is on a par with Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Since then, Zhao She's descendants have taken the horse as their surname. His father, Ma Zhong, only worked as a Xuanwu Sima, managing military affairs and military taxes. When he arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his family moved from Handan, Hebei Province to Fufeng County, Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, and served as an official for generations. This family is called Fufeng Mashi. One of them moved to Fujian and thrived. Liancheng Bao Si Township (now under Changting County) has a branch, which was once one of the national printing centers during the Song and Ming Dynasties. There is also a Ma family who lives in Changle City. In the ten years of Song Yongle, there was a champion (many). It is said that his article is well written. In Song Dynasty, Zeng Zeng wrote a pair of couplets: the Holy Dynasty was the same as the three generations, and Hanyuan was the first to write an article.
A Horse Song Wrapped in Soldiers' Soul ―― A Record of Fu Bo General Ma Yuan
"Wrapping oneself with a horse" is a brave word that inspires soldiers of all ages. I don't know how many soldiers, encouraged by it, died for their country and died. The authors of this sentence-generals in the Eastern Han Dynasty and newly recruited Hou-are even more legendary and admirable. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan, with his outstanding generals, added a lot of color to this magnificent historical picture.
Ma Yuan word Yuan Wen, Fufeng Maoling people. According to legend, its ancestor was Zhao She, a famous Warring States soldier, and his descendants took titles as their surnames. Of course, most ancient celebrities will find themselves a good ancestor to show that they are indeed of noble birth and extraordinary bearing. If it is really a descendant of Zhao She, I personally estimate that it is more likely to change the surname in order to avoid Zhao Kuo's great sin (the defeat of Changping), so we will not study it for the time being. Although this legend came from a famous family, when Ma Yuan was young, he didn't remember it by heart like most child prodigies, and he wouldn't forget anything. Ma Yuan didn't start reading until he was twelve. "If you have tasted a strange stone, you can't leave a chapter." . At that time, a man named Zhu Bo often visited Ma Yuan's brother's horse. When Zhu Bo was twelve years old, he could recite the Book of Songs and the Classic. Ma Yuan was ashamed. When the horse heard his thoughts, he said to him, "Zhu Bo is resourceful. He should learn from you, so don't be afraid. " Later facts also illustrate this point, "and (Ma) aid is a general Hou, while (Zhu) Bo is just a county magistrate." As there was no hope of studying, Ma Yuan began to travel around the world alone. When he first came to Beidi County to graze, he often said to his guests, "My husband is determined to be poor and strong, and he will have a good old age." (It turns out that "vigorous old age" was also initiated by Ma Yuan, and I admire it. Later, Ma Yuan made a fortune by grazing and sighed: "If you cultivate property, you can give it to others, otherwise you will keep your money!" So he gave all his possessions to his relatives and friends, treating money like dirt because he had higher aspirations.
Wang Mang usurped the country and the Western Han Dynasty perished. Beasts are everywhere, and people are fighting for deer. Ma Yuan was once appointed as a new Yin by Wang Mang. After the fall of Wang Mang, Xiao Wei, a great warlord in the northwest, respected Ma Yuan very much and appointed him as General Suide. Since then, Ma Yuan has had a good opportunity to show his skills.
In troubled times, heroes should not only have strategies, but more importantly, have a strategic vision of choosing a monarch. In 28 AD, Xiao Wei sent Ma Yuan to Chengdu to observe the situation in Gongsun Shu. Gongsun Shu was very powerful at that time, but he didn't have foresight, and he wasn't in a hurry to claim the throne. The world is uncertain, but it also talks about ostentation and extravagance. In the past, Ma Yuan and Gongsun Shu were fellow villagers and had a good relationship. Gongsun Shu did not respect his old friend, saying, "I would like to keep Chen's position, help the soldiers, worship him as a minister, and take this as a museum. In addition, all aid systems are crowned with light clothes, and hundreds of officials are in the ancestral hall to make friends with old people. " Ma Yuan was disappointed when the flag was flying, the police were in the car and the ceremony was very grand. "When I went back to report to Xiao Wei, I came to a conclusion:" Ziyang (Gongsun Shu) might as well focus on the East (Liu Xiu). " So Xiao Wei sent Ma Yuan to Liu Xiu with a letter. This time, Ma Yuan was treated differently. Liu Xiu wore a headscarf to meet Ma Yuan personally, and Ma Yuan was greatly moved: "The world is repetitive, and there are countless thieves. Seeing your majesty today is magnificent and generous, just like Gaozu, but you know that the emperor has his own reasons. " At this time, Ma Yuan knew that Liu Xiu would become a great career, and the idea of taking refuge in Liu Xiu sprouted in his mind. After returning to Xiaowei, he sent his eldest son Wei Xiao to Luoyang as a hostage and followed Wei Xiao to Luoyang. In 29 AD, under the persuasion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it began to split the country and prepare for rebellion and independence. Ma Yuan knew that Xiao Wei was no match for Liu Xiu and wrote several times to blame him, but Xiao Wei simply ignored him. Wrote a letter to, told him about Chen's plan of extermination, and formally joined the new camp.
As a "rebel" from Xiao Wei camp, Ma Yuan certainly has a special role. He wrote to Xiao Wei's generals Jun Gao, Yu Ren and Yang Guang. Distant from each other. At that time, although Ma Yuan was a newcomer to Liu Xiujun, he quickly won the praise of the generals. "Every time the general has doubts, please call for help and be respectful." In 32 AD, Liu Xiu wanted to personally levy Xiao Wei, but most generals opposed it. At the critical moment, Liu Xiu consulted Ma Yuan. Ma Yuan urged Xiao Wei's generals to disband. At the same time, he used rice to form the valley terrain, showing the route of the army's attack, and analyzed it back and forth, which was very clear. Liu Xiu finally made up his mind to personally expedition Xiao Wei. In 33 AD, Xiao Wei fell. It can be said that although Ma Yuan did not directly participate in the war against Xiao Wei, he was one of the main grave diggers in Xiao Wei.
Generally speaking, most generals who change dynasties are introverted, and it is inevitable that they are suspected of being "experts in civil war and amateurs in foreign wars." On the other hand, Ma Yuan showed by his own records that he was an excellent general against barbarians. In 35 AD, Laishe recommended Ma Yuan as the prefect of Longxi. First, in the summer of that year, he was defeated by Zero Qiang, beheaded by hundreds and surrendered more than 8,000 people. In winter, he joined forces with Ma Cheng, went deep into danger and obstacles, beheaded more than a thousand people and captured countless cattle and sheep. At that time, someone proposed to give up the broken Qiang county in Jincheng County, and Ma Yuan immediately wrote to stop it: "To the west of the broken Qiang, the city will be closed and easy to rely on. Its land is fertile and well irrigated. If Qiang is in Huangzhong, it will do endless harm and cannot be abandoned. " After Liu Xiuzhun's performance, Ma Yuan set up local officials, resettled refugees, repaired battlements, dug ditches, encouraged agriculture and animal husbandry, and called on Qiang people beyond the Great Wall to join. In 36 AD, the Wolf and other Qiang departments jointly invaded Wudu, and Ma Yuan defeated the Qiang army and ten thousand people surrendered. Longyou was stable, and the Qiang rebellion that had arisen since the last years of Wang Mang subsided. On one occasion, it was rumored that Qiang people rebelled, and Didao county magistrate asked Ma Yuan to recruit. At that time, Ma Yuan was drinking and said with a smile, "How dare you attack me again! Reverend Xiao Di, go back to the monastery. You can lie under the bed if you are in a hurry. " It turned out that the alarm was just a rumor. Facing the Qiang people, Ma Yuan is so confident. In 40 AD, two sisters, Zheng Bian and Zheng, rebelled at the intersection of their toes, and the barbarian groups in Jiuzhen, Rinan and Hepu counties responded, and the whole intersection area was in danger of breaking away from the Han Empire. Liu Xiu appointed Ma Yuan as the general, assisted Le Hou as the lieutenant, and crusaded against toe-crossing. After two years of war, thousands of Tr?ng sisters were beheaded by Ma Yuan. In 43 AD, Ma Yuan eliminated the second symbol and declared Luo Yang as the new emperor. After that, Ma Yuan continued to hunt down the remaining party, beheading more than 5,000 people and completely pacifying the toe-crossing area. After the war subsided, Ma Yuan resolutely adopted the policy of national reconciliation and bound the Vietnamese people with the original system. Since then, the aborigines in South Vietnam have always abided by the regulations of Ma Yuan.
The average founding father, after success, thinks more about hugging his wife and tasting the people's blessings; Kneel beside your youngest son and enjoy your family. But Ma Yuan doesn't think so, which is why he is noble. When he came back with his legs crossed, Ji Meng from Pingling greeted him and comforted him. Ma Yuan said, "The Huns and Wu Huan are still disturbing the north, and they want to invite them to attack them. If a person dies in the field, burying his ears in their boots when they die, how can he lie in bed and do evil in the hands of a woman! " Worrying about the country and the people is beyond words.
God seems willing to give the old general one last chance. In 48 AD, Wuling barbarians attacked the forest garden. Ma Yuan certainly didn't want to give up this opportunity to make contributions again. But Liu Xiu pitied his old age and refused to answer. Ma Yuan said, "I can still put on my armor and ride a horse." And stepped into the saddle on the spot, Liu Xiu said with a smile: "Qu said Weng Ye!" So he sent him to fight with Ma Wu and Uncle Geng. Before going out, Ma Yuan said to his friend Du Yin, "I was forced to live in great compassion for many years, and I was often afraid that I would not die. I am willing to close my eyes when I get what I want, but I am afraid that the elderly will be around or engaged in it. It is extremely difficult to adjust and attract evil. " A generation of famous generals are not worried about the cunning and ferocity of the enemy, but are afraid of the slanders of the powerful children and the emperor's cronies. This is the greatest sorrow of the ancient generals in China. Later, the development of the situation also confirmed Ma Yuan's prediction.
In 49 AD, Ma Yuan led an army to Linxiang, but the old general was still alive, killing and capturing more than 2,000 barbarians. In the process of continuing to conquer, we met with difficulties. At that time, there were two roads in front of us, one was very close but dangerous, and the other was very open and the transportation line was too long. The captain advocates insurance and takes an open road. As a veteran, Ma Yuan naturally expected soldiers to be expensive and fast, and insisted on taking this dangerous road. So the Han army moved forward according to Ma Yuan's instructions. At that time, the weather was very hot, many soldiers died of the plague, and Ma Yuan himself was infected. But he still limped and limped at the enemy's situation, and all his followers were moved to tears. Finally, Ma Yuan failed to escape from the clutches of the God of plague because of his old age and infirmity, and a generation of famous soldiers fell into the wilderness, thus realizing his oath of "being buried in the grave".
Behind the hero is always lonely, more accurately, it should be sad. As early as when Ma was trapped in a rugged waterway, his deputy, Geng Shu, wrote a letter attacking the military decision, arguing that it was the responsibility of the army to be trapped in pestilence and dangerous land for nothing. After Ma Yuan's death, Song Liang, the commander of the samurai regiment who was related to him, framed Ma Yuan immediately. Liu Xiu was furious and immediately withdrew Ma Yuan's new information and sealed the letter. When Ma Yuan crosses her toes, she often takes coix seed to resist miasma. When I moved to my class, I once carried a car. When he died, someone falsely accused him of using all the fine pearls and rhinoceros horns in his car, and Liu Xiu became more and more angry. Ma Yuan's wife and children were too scared to transport Ma Yuan's coffin back to their ancestral graves. They just buried it in the west of the city. None of his guests and old friends came to pay homage. How can it not be embarrassing for a generation of famous players to end up like this? In ancient China, I don't know how many military commanders died for their country and went deep into the wild and dangerous places, but in the end, they were often calculated by the villains in the DPRK and ended up in a mess with various charges. This was true in the Han Dynasty, where politics was relatively clear, and it was even more unbearable in the Song and Ming Dynasties.
Many years after Ma Yuan's death, in 60 AD, that is, in the third year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhuang and Ming Di missed the hero who initiated the great cause of rejuvenation in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so they painted portraits of 28 generals such as Deng Yu, Ma Cheng, haing s ngor and Wang Liang in Nangong Yuntai, which was called "Twenty-eight generals in Yuntai" in history, and Ma Yuan was not one of them. Later, Liu Cang, the king of Dongping, asked Ming Di, "Why not draw a portrait of General Fu Bo?" Ming Di just smiled. There is a simple reason. The queen at that time was Ma Yuan's daughter. Ming Di wanted to avoid suspicion for his father-in-law.
Taishi Gong said, "If you don't say anything, you will find your own way." Today's "Twenty-eight Generals of Yuntai" can only be remembered as a whole, and it may be difficult for people to remember these people specifically. Ma Yuan, who is not included in this list, has become a model for generations of China soldiers because of the rhetoric of "covering the dead with horses". Ma Yuan has neither the wisdom of Han Liang nor the bravery of Xiang Bu, but we will always remember this respectable old general, and history is fair.