Where was Mozi born and where was his hometown? For more than two thousand years, China academic circles have always had different views on Song people, Lu people, Lu people and foreigners. From 65438 to 0982, Professor Liu Weihua published "Mozi is a native of Lushan, Henan Province-also on the relationship between Donglu and Xilu" in the fourth issue of academic journal of zhongzhou, which provided a new basis for the "Luyang Theory" in Mo Zhai's hometown and attracted extensive attention and attention from academic circles. In order to make this great thinker "out of date" as soon as possible, the author also began to look through the materials and found that there were: Lushan people in Mo Zhai in Jiaqing's Lushan County Records in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, some legends and relics of Mozi were found in Lushan, among which there is a monument of "Mo Zhai's hometown" in Erlangmiao Township, west of Lushan County. There is no doubt that Mo Zhai is from Lushan, Henan. For the convenience of discussion, first of all, it briefly explains the theory of foreigners and the theory of Song people. One, about foreigners said hu 1929, published "Mozi as an Indian", considered to be an Indian Buddhist. His conclusion is: "Mo Zhai,' Medici' is also. Because the face or clothes are black, it is called' ink'. Because of foreigners, it is called' Di'. " So, "Mo Zhai Indians also." He also believes that Buddhism's "universal love" and "frugality" are also true. "Tianzhi" and "Minggui" Buddhism are also. ""Put on your heels and you will dress up as a bald and barefoot monk. ".1935, in the second episode of Ancient History Research, said:" Mozi once used the name Mo, neither Lu nor Song. ..... Song Lu refers to his place of residence, not his native place. It is not easy to determine whether his native place is Indian or Asian (Arabic) Rabat. "He is based on Mozi's" black color ","high nose "and" bald but not black "and looks like a foreigner. The other two gentlemen, Jin Zutong and Chen Shengliang, think that Mo Zhai is an Arab Muslim, on the basis that many syntax in Mozi's works is not China's syntax, and "there are syntax similar to that in China's frontier and foreign countries, especially palindromes" (A Study of Chen Shengliang Mozi's Grammar). Therefore, Mozi was recognized as an Arab Muslim. At that time, the theory of foreigners was refuted by Mr. Chu Fang. Because those statements are groundless, they are not reflected in Mozi's works and other classics, and Mozi can't find contact with foreigners in his life activities. At that time, it was impossible for a foreigner to live in a foreign country with such profound and rich thoughts, which was closely related to the politics, economy, culture, morality, people's feelings and customs of China at that time. Second, about what the Song people called "Historical Records"? 6? 1 "The Biography of Mencius and Xunqing" contains "Song Dafu Mo Zhai." Sui Shu? 6? 1 Annals of Classics: 15 volumes and one volume of Mozi, written by Zhai Mo, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. "Han? 6? 1 literary and artistic records: "Mozi's name is Zhai, and Lu people (referring to Song people)". In fact, Historical Records, Sui Shu and Hanshu all refer to "Doctor Song", while Fan Wenlan only refers to "Song people". Moreover, Mozi was active in the Song Dynasty, so it is not surprising that people in the Song Dynasty were mistaken for China people. However, Mozi lost in public. Mozi went to Chu to persuade the king of Chu not to contribute to the Song Dynasty. He said, "Mozi returned to the Song Dynasty and the rain and dew sheltered him. People who keep it are not satisfied. " Since Mozi was from the Song Dynasty, why did Mozi come back from Chu not to the Song Dynasty, nor to the Song Dynasty, but to the Song Dynasty? No wonder Liang Qichao not only didn't think Mo Zhai was from the Song Dynasty, but even refused to be a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He said: "There is absolutely no trace of being an official in the Song Dynasty in this book. … Mozi once said:' If you don't do something, you won't get its reward; if you don't listen to it, you can't face it' (refuge). At that time, will Song listen to its meaning? Mozi is a man who is consistent in words and deeds. How could he establish the Song Dynasty? So I think: Mozi is always a civilian and has never been an official. " In order to explore the basis of Mozi's theory of Song Dynasty, the author made a special trip to Shangqiu, Henan Province, the ancient Song Dynasty, to find Mozi's remains. But it has never been circulated among the people, and there is no record in local chronicles, so it can be seen that the saying of Song people is groundless. Now let's talk about Lu and Yang Lu. Studying these two theories is the key to understand Mo Zhai's hometown. Because both Lu and He are "Lu". In particular, Lu said that it has a great influence. Therefore, first of all, relying on Lu Qing's theory is the key. Sun Yirang is the representative of idlers in Shandong. In his influential book Mozi Leisure (note: leisure-the word is January, thinking leisure, intelligent abc can't type it out), he systematically expounded his views: "Based on this book, it seems that Lu people are right." In Gui Yi, Mozi and Lu lived in harmony, and in Lu Wen, it was said that public defeat was like a ladder to attack the Song Dynasty. When Mozi heard that he had made good friends with Lu, he saw King Jing and said,' I am also a northern minister'. Huainanzi? 6? 1 Xiuxun also said,' Start from Lu and go there for ten days and ten nights', and Mozi is the proof of Lu. "He added:" Archaeological books say that Mozi was a Chu man, and "Old Events in Zhu Gong" contains Yang Lu and Wen Jun saying that King Hui of Chu said that Mozi was a saint in the north. The Chu people didn't know that Wu Bi's theory was extremely absurd. "Sun Yirang said that Lu people are Lu people. He said that Bi Yuan and Wu Yi are also from Wu Bi, because Bi Yuan and Wu Yi are from Luyang. According to "Lv Chunqiu? 6? 1 Shen Dayoushu: "Mozi's name is Zhai, and he also wrote seventy books, which was heard by Mo Dao", in his "Notes on Mozi? 6? The preface 1 says: "A native of Lu is Chu Luyang, a native of Yang County in Hannan, in the sun of Lushan Mountain. There are many questions and answers between Yang Lu and Wen Jun in this book, which are also called the Four Realms, so it is necessary to observe them. "Wu Yi usurped Jiaqing's" Lushan County Records "and said:" Lu is Luyang, and the Spring and Autumn Period belongs to Chu. The ancient people used the word or word land name, which is an example. "Road history? 6? 1 country name note: "Lu, you are Lushan County, not Yan State (selected). "It seems that we have not only investigated the' Lu' in the various theories, but also examined the relationship between Lu and the four places and why Lu belongs, which is more detailed, while we completely abandoned the Lu (Xilu) and only justified the Lu (Donglu), which is far-fetched. Regarding the relationship between the East Foothill and the West Foothill, Liu Weihua made a clear statement. This paper will explain the evolution of the name of Lushan County in Henan Province. Lushan Mountain in Henan was called Lu Xian County as early as Xia Dynasty. After Liu Lei, a descendant of Yao, moved to the county, Qiu Gongcheng (now the location of Qiu Gongcheng, 30 miles west of Lushan County) was renamed Luyang. At the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period to Qin Dynasty, it was called Luyang County after Han Dynasty. Hanshu? 6? 1 county records? 6? 1 Nanyang County: "Luyang was moved by Lushan, Gulu County and Yulongjia." The Chronology of Bamboo Slips says: "In the seventh year of Kong Jia, Liu Lei moved to Luyang. "The Spring and Autumn Annals says:" In Xiaweilu County, Liu Lei moved here. In the area of Qufu, Shandong Province, it is called election, and it is called "practical election" first, and then it is called Lu. Book classics? 6? 1 Cai zhongzhi's life: "attack, practice." According to Liu Weihua's research: "After Zhou Wuwang became a merchant, there was a small packet. The Duke of Zhou was first sealed in Lushan area, and was called Luhou. After the death of King Wu, Wu Geng colluded with Guan Shu and Cai Shu to launch a rebellion, and Xu Ronghuai also rose up. After the Duke of Zhou crusaded, he was elected king and the rebellion was put down. "... the people recommended by businessmen are destined to be birds, but they are sealed in the streets with little sorrow. "("Zuo Zhuan "will be public for four years) at this time called Lu Gong. Liu Wen also quoted the poem? 6? 1 truffle? 6? 1 Closed Palace: The sentence "To Duke Lu, the process of moving from Luyang, Henan Province to Qufu, Shandong Province. Liu Weihua said: "After the Duke of Zhou's eastward expedition, the name of Shang Xuan was changed to Lu, and it was left intact in the name of Lushan." This is very appropriate. According to Taiwan Province scholar Bai Yang's genealogy of China emperors and princesses, Lu was founded in 864. Jiandu: Lushan, Henan, Qufu, Shandong. Location: central Henan Province and western Shandong Province. Forget Chu. " The relationship between Donglu and Xilu is also very clear. Knowing the relationship between East Lu and West Lu, that is, between Lu and Luyang, we can see that Sun Yirang's words such as "Mozi followed Lu together", "The King of Yue rode a chariot for many people, and welcomed Mozi to Lu fifty times", "Seeing King Jing from Lu" and "Going from Lu for ten days and nights to Ying" are the "Lu" mentioned. The author has searched Mozi's works, but no one has commented on Lu. It seems that Sun Shi's argument is groundless. The following is based on the above statement and the arguments of other speakers. A, about "from shandong, ten nights to should be" "Huainanzi? 6? "1 Xiuxun" contains: "The former Chu wanted to attack the Song Dynasty, but Mozi heard it and mourned it. Since the trend of Lu, and ten days and ten nights, my feet are heavy and I don't rest, my clothes are torn and my feet are bound. As for winning. See King Jing. " Lu is two or three thousand miles away from Ying City (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), the capital of Chu at that time. Under the backward traffic conditions at that time, it was impossible to get to Ying day and night, let alone walk. Therefore, it can be understood that starting from Luyang, leaving Luyangguan, passing Fangcheng or Nanyang, the distance is only one third of that from Lu to Ying. Therefore, it is a bit arbitrary to treat Lu as Lu. Second, about "Traveling South to Chu", Fang Shouchu also refuted Bi Wuzhi's theory when researching Mozi's hometown. He said: "According to the Chu people, both Bi Yuan and Wu Yi attached great importance to Lu Lan (that is, Lu Chunqiu? 6? 1 Shen Dalan (Gaoyou note) said that the Lu people were Yang Lu of Chu, not Wei of Lu. The textual research of Gui Yi says:' Mozi traveled south to Chu', if he traveled from Luyang to Chu, he would be a cloud traveler, a Feiyun traveler, ... Chu people don't know. "On this basis, Mozi is not a Luyang person. The author believes that this should be examined from two aspects. The first is the subordinate evolution of Luyang area. Wuyi usurped Jiaqing's "Lushan County Records" and said: "Luyang was in Zhou, the capital of the East, and it belonged to Zheng and Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. "That is to say, Luyang turned out to be directly under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and later it was returned to Zheng and then to Chu. It wasn't Chu. Luyang is the fief of Luyang Wen Jun, an independent kingdom with great independence for Chu. Secondly, Mozi at this time was not only a Luyang person, but also a scholar who traveled around the world and a well-organized Mohist giant. I often travel to and from Song, Shandong, Qi, Wei, Chu and many other places. " Although Luyang is his hometown, he is already a foreigner. It is also possible to say that he "traveled south to Chu", let alone "traveled south" and "should". Thirdly, regarding the "northern sage" and "northern humble servant", Sun Yirang also said that King Hui of Chu said "northern Mozi sage" and "Lv Chunqiu" according to Yang Lu and Wen Jun in The Old Story of Zhu Gong. 6? 1 love class "is like a ladder attacking the Song Dynasty. When Mozi heard about it, he went to see King Jing from Lu and said," I am also a northern servant ",thinking that Mozi was" not a Chu. " (Biography of Sun Yirang Mozi) He thinks that Mozi and Luyang are both Chu people. Since he is from the State of Chu, Mozi is not from the State of Chu if he is said to be a "northern sage". The author thinks that the meaning of "north" and "south to Chu" here is the same, because Mozi is famous in Qi, Lu, Song and Wei countries, not just a sage in Luyang. Other countries, such as Qi, Lu, Song and Wei, all live in the north of Chu. Only by saying that he is a "northern saint" can Mozi's reputation, status and influence be revealed. And the concept of the north also completely includes the north of Chu, and Luyang is in the north of Chu, so it is very correct for Luyang Wen Jun to introduce Mozi to the king of Chu as a "northern saint". If Mozi did not come from Luyang and Chu, Luyang could not be said to be "North". For example, in the story of Yan Zi's mission to Chu, the king of Chu introduced Yan Ying to his ministers, saying that "Yan Ying is a good poet" and he was in the northeast of Chu. Why didn't he say "Yan Ying is a lyricist in the northeast mountain"? It is precisely because Yan Zi did not leave Chu. Regarding the sentence "I am a courtier in the north", some people used to understand it as "I am a humble word of Mozi's modesty, but it is not. The ancients called the mainland a country and the border a country. This sentence just said that Mozi was from the north of Chu. At that time, Luyang was on the northern border of Chu, which is also very accurate. For example, in Zuo Zhuan, Zheng Boke said in Jinyun: "My uncle told me to be lighter than the northwest" and "Mozi? 6? Lu Wen (1): "I am a humble person in southern Shandong, and I care about my country and people", which is what I mean.