cutting
1, cutting season
In Urumqi, Changji, Manas and other areas, after the flowering period in early July, cutting propagation was carried out with plastic pruning. Generally, it is better to choose windless morning, evening or cloudy day for cutting.
2. Prepare the cuttage bed through soil preparation.
The cutting area is leeward and sunny, clean and tidy, and convenient for water use. Using clean river sand as substrate, the cutting table with length 10- 12m, width 1- 1.2m and ridge height of 25-30cm was made. There is a layer of river sand in the river bed with a thickness of 12m.
3, cutting preparation
Combined with shaping and pruning, annual semi-lignified robust branches without plant diseases and insect pests are selected, the base of branches is more than 0.2cm thick, and they are cut into cuttings of about 10cm, the lower part of cuttings is cut into smooth planes or inclined planes, and the lower leaves of cuttings are cut off by 5-7 cm. Because Spiraea Jin Yan belongs to the type of lenticels rooting, it is forbidden to tear the cuticle of cuttings during operation, leaving 4-6 leaves at the top, 500 mg. The rooting powder solution of ABT 1 was quickly immersed in the base of cuttings, and the depth of the cuttings immersed in the solution was 2-3cm.
4. Cutting method
Before cutting, the river sand was sprayed with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and after 30min, the residual potassium permanganate was washed with clean water to make the water content of the matrix reach more than 10%. Leveling the bed surface, ditching according to the plant spacing of 5cm×8cm, cutting about 400 plants per square meter, and cutting depth of 3~5cm. After cutting, compact the periphery and keep the cuttings upright, spray water while cutting, spray clean water 1 time on the whole bed after planting one bed, and then carefully spray 1 time on the cuttings. You can also cover with plastic film for humidification and moisture retention to improve the survival rate of cutting.
Seed propagation
There are three main methods of seed propagation: greenhouse sowing, open field sowing and greenhouse sowing, among which greenhouse sowing has the best effect.
1, sowing in greenhouse
Mix the selected humus soil, peat and fine sand evenly according to the ratio of 3: 3: 1, put them into a culture basin, smooth them, water them, spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the soil, cover them with fine soil of 1~2mm, and then cover the culture basin with glass. A week later, the seedlings broke out of their shells and sprouted 2-3 days later. Remove the glass cover and often water the soil to keep it moist. 1 month later, when the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings are divided for the first time 1 time, and the plant spacing is 2-3 cm. In April, Zhongdian divided the pots again, and the row spacing was 5cm~5cm. At this time, 6~8 true leaves have grown. At the end of May, the seedlings will be moved outdoors 1 week, and will be planted in the field seedbed at the beginning of June, with the row spacing of 10cm× 10cm, properly shaded and watered to keep the soil moist.
Step 2 sow seeds in the fields
Make a bed, loosen the soil for 20~25cm, break it up and rake it flat, and cover the screened fine soil on the seedbed with a thickness of 5cm and a length and width of 1m×5m. Disinfect with 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, permeate water, and dry. Sow the seeds of Spiraea chrysantha evenly on the bed surface, cover it with 2mm fine soil, and then cover it with a layer of grass. Water it twice every morning and evening to keep the soil moist. After half a month, the seedlings began to sprout, and sprouted after 1 week. Take off the straw curtain, water it twice in the morning and evening, and cover it with a sunshade net. Transplanting and changing beds at the end of July or early August.
3, greenhouse on demand
Put the sterilized nutrient soil into the sowing tray of 60cm×35cm×7cm in the greenhouse, smooth the soil surface, and pour water until the bottom oozes. Make holes in the soil surface with a spacing of 3cm×3cm and a depth of 0.5~0.6cm. Sprinkle 3~5 species on each hole, and cover it directly with plastic film without covering soil and watering, and keep the normal room temperature at 25~28℃. Seeds germinate after six days, and 50% will germinate after one week, and the bud length is1mm; The germination rate reaches 80%~90%, and the bud length is 2 mm; After 12 days, the germination rate reached more than 98%, the growth was good, and the bud length was 3 mm Put the seeding tray in a place with slightly lower temperature and good light, remove the plastic film, observe it every day, and spray water in time to prevent the soil surface from cracking and damaging the roots, so it is not necessary to transplant seedlings. On May 20th, the seedling tray was moved to the outdoor for seedling hardening, and transplanted to the prefabricated seedbed in rainy season. Preparation of transplanting seedbed
Before transplanting Spiraea Jin Yan, the shading net 1 week should be removed, and the root system should be trimmed when transplanting to prevent excessive fibrous roots; Proper pruning of aboveground parts to reduce nutrient consumption and water evaporation is beneficial to slow down seedlings.
Prepare the seedbed before transplanting, and the length and width of the seedbed are 5m×1m. First turn the ground for 20~30cm, rake the clods, remove impurities, rake the bed surface and water the soles of the feet. After 2 days, when the bed surface is slightly dry (slightly wet), transplant it by hole planting. First, drill holes in the seedbed, with the hole depth of15cm and the plant row spacing of15cm×15cm. Apply 0.5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole and mix it evenly with the soil.
Preparation of transplanted seedlings
Most of them are transplanted in spring. Seedlings should be transplanted immediately after being taken out of the nursery and graded. In the nursery, choose the wet soil layer and dig a temporary heel in the ditch. Trenching perpendicular to the main wind direction should be carried out in a cool, well-drained and leeward place. The specifications of the ditch should be determined according to the number and size of seedlings. The seedlings bundled in stages should be closely arranged on the inclined wall of the ditch, and then the roots should be covered with soil. There are 50 or 100 unbound seedlings in one row, then the roots of seedlings in 1 row are buried with trenched soil, and the second row is dug at the same time, and then the seedlings in the second row are buried according to the method of 1 row, and so on. The heel of this method should not be too long, usually 5~ 10d, which is easy to take too long. In case of strong wind or strong light and dry air, water should be sprinkled appropriately.
Plant seedlings
Jin Yan Spiraea cuttings were transplanted in the spring of the second year. When transplanting, the root system was pruned to prevent excessive fibrous roots from causing nest roots, and the upper part was appropriately pruned to reduce nutrient consumption, which was beneficial to slow down seedlings. Planting according to the plant spacing of 15cm× 15cm, drilling holes with the depth of 15cm on the ridge, and putting the seedlings into the holes to stretch their roots; Then, cultivate and compact the soil and make a ridge around the seedbed. After planting, water it and then cover it with a layer of soil. The survival rate of transplanting is over 90%. Pull up the grass, water and loosen the soil in time during the growth period. After 1 year cultivation, the seedling height can reach 15~20cm, which can be ridged and planted in the next spring or applied to landscaping. Cutting seedling management
1, irrigation
Immediately after cutting, water is poured 1 time, and water is sprayed 1~2 times a day according to the air temperature. After about half a month, the buds begin to germinate and then water 1 time, and then water every 15 ~ 20 days. In the case of high temperature, the number of sprinklers should be increased to keep the soil and air moist.
Step 2 loosen the soil and weed
Before lignification of seedling roots, artificial weeding and shallow loosening should be carried out; When the root system of the seedling is lignified, you can loosen the soil by 8 cm with an oscillator to promote the development of the root system and increase the growth of the seedling.
3. Measures to control transpiration
In hot season, you should build a shade shed or grass curtain to keep moisture and shade. Before the base of the cuttings took root, the leaves on the ground began to spread. At this time, some leaves should be removed to avoid water loss caused by a large amount of water transpiration and affect the survival rate.
4, fertilizing cuttings
Spraying foliar fertilizer 2000 times after cutting, 15d once, spraying 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days after cutting rooting, and the dosage is 5g m-2.
5, in addition to tillers and buds.
When the new shoots grow to the height of 15~20cm, 1 strong and upright branches should be selected, and the rest should be cut off gradually. When new shoots grow lateral branches, they should be wiped in time. When the lateral branches are tender, they should be pulled out directly by hand. If they are lignified, they should be cut off. In the early stage, lateral branches should be used for photosynthesis to provide nutrients for the root system of seedlings, so that the seedlings can grow and develop better, so the buds should be smeared one after another and cannot be removed at one time.
6. Prevention of pests and diseases
Remove the moldy cuttings in time after cutting, and spray 800 times carbendazim on the leaves every 7 days for sterilization. Spiraea in Jin Yan mainly harms aphids. When aphids are found, spray imidacloprid 1000~ 1500 times on the leaves to kill insects.
7. Overwintering and cold protection
Before overwintering, pour 1 times antifreeze water, then cover some leaves or straw to prevent cold, so as not to expose the seedling tips and prevent the seedlings from being blown dry and frozen, and uncover them in the next spring.
8. Covering with shading net: In order to prevent the cuttings from being damaged by strong light after cutting, shading net is set on the plastic greenhouse, and the initial light transmittance is about 30%, and after 15d, the light transmittance is about 50%. After rooting, the light transmittance gradually increases until it is fully illuminated.
9. Build a small arch shed: In order to control the temperature and humidity, a small plastic arch shed is used in the plastic shed to keep warm and moist. At the initial stage of cutting, the temperature is controlled at 25~33℃ and the humidity is controlled at about 90%~95%. After 15d, the temperature is controlled at 25~30℃ and the humidity is controlled at 80%~90%. If the temperature is too high, open the arch shed Gradually reduce the air humidity after rooting, and always keep the bed surface humidity to avoid the cuttings from rotting and deteriorating due to excessive humidity after rooting.
10, removing the shade net: August to early September after the cuttings take root and survive. Remove the sunshade net and plastic in the greenhouse, so that the seedlings can be fully tempered and prepared for winter.
Management of transplanted seedlings
1, water
Water the seedlings immediately after transplanting. The first watering 1 time must be thoroughly watered, so that the water in the pit or ditch will no longer seep out. Generally, it is better to water in the morning or at night. After the 1 year planting, irrigation twice, soil cultivation, seedling righting, furrow sealing with soil, moisture retention and temperature rise are beneficial to the early healing and rooting of roots. Then water once every 10d, once every 15d after the beginning of August, and stop watering in mid-September to make the trees fully lignified.
2, intertillage weeding
In the middle of July of the sowing year, carry out 1 intertillage weeding. In the second year of planting, intertillage should be done twice in each growing season, generally at the end of April and early May 1 time, and at the end of June and early July 1 time, with a tillage depth of 20~30cm.
Step 3 apply fertilizer
In June of planting 1, topdressing inorganic fertilizer, 50g per plant, digging a hole at the edge of the tree to water people, and then watering them, so as to water them once and soil them once. In the second year of planting, inorganic fertilizer is applied twice a year, generally at the end of May and mid-July 1 time, and the amount of fertilizer applied per plant is 20~30g. At the same time, 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied before intertillage.
4, plastic pruning
The planting year is the slow seedling stage, and the pruning amount should not be too large. In the second year, dry and dead branches should be cut off in time. According to different uses, it is trimmed into different crown shapes.