Gorky (1868- 1936) is a great proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union, "the greatest representative of proletarian art" (in Leninist), the founder of socialist and realistic literature, the mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature and the founder of Soviet literature. Formerly known as Alexei; Macsimovici; Peter Skov was born in 1868 in Gorky Road, Nizhny Novgorky, Russia. His father is a carpenter. He lost his father in his early years and lived in his grandfather's house, which ran a small dye house. 1 1 years old began to make a living independently, and spent his childhood and adolescence at the bottom of the old society. Gorky's extraordinary early experiences are vividly described in his famous autobiography trilogy. The suffering of the world and the bitterness of life have honed his fighting spirit; In addition to heavy work, he also studies hard by himself. The experience and profound understanding of the painful life of the people at the bottom of society has become an inexhaustible source of his creation. 1892 with maxim; Under the pen name Gorky (meaning the greatest pain), he published his debut novel "McCarter"; Cudla. Among Gorky's early works, the most famous romantic short stories "Old Lady Izgil" and "Song of the Eagle" and the representative work "Cerca Shi" describing the life of vagrants were published in 1895. 1899, Gorky completed his first novel "Fuma; Gore deyev. 190 1 year, Gorky was arrested for participating in a demonstration in Petersburg. The famous prose poem Haiyan was written after he participated in this demonstration. He used this passionate revolutionary prose to meet the revolutionary storm of the proletariat in the 20th century. In the same year, he wrote his first play Ordinary Citizen, and his outstanding achievement was to create the image of the first revolutionary proletariat (revolutionary worker Neil) in the history of world literature. 1902, he wrote "At the Bottom", which is a summary of the author's observation on the life of the homeless in the past 20 years and a masterpiece of Gorky's drama. Gorky joined the revolutionary movement as a soldier during the high revolutionary situation in 1905, and his residence became one of the strongholds of the armed uprising in Moscow in 1905. 1906, Gorky's best masterpiece Mother was published. In the history of world literature, it is an epoch-making masterpiece and opens up a new historical period of proletarian literature. In the same year, he wrote a drama "The Enemy" about American workers' riots, which was one of Gorky's best plays. 1906- 19 13 years, Gorky lived in Italy and became a political exile because of the persecution of the czar government. 1in the spring of 907, attended the fifth congress of Russian social democratic labor party held in London. Since then, he and Lenin have established close ties and profound friendship. During the period1911913, I wrote the story collection Italian Fairy Tales. 19 13 Gorky wrote the first autobiographical trilogy "Childhood" in his apartment in Capri, Italy. Gorky returned to the motherland in 19 13, presided over the literary column of Pravda, and engaged in cultural organizations and literary activities. 19 16 published the second autobiographical trilogy "On Earth"; The third book My University was published in 1922. After the victory of the October Revolution, 1925 published the novel The Cause of the Aldamonov Family. 1925- 1936 wrote the epic "Kerim? The Life of Samgin is Gorky's last masterpiece, and this epic is one of Gorky's most outstanding artistic achievements. 1934, the first Soviet writers' congress was held under the auspices of Gorky, and Gorky was elected as the chairman of the Soviet writers' association.