10 1 E Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, Airborne Division, is one of the most famous units in the history of the US Army. Founded in the summer of 1942. On June 6th, 1944, together with other officers and men of1kloc-0/airborne division, participated in the Normandy landing campaign in France. During World War II. Company E took part in the Battle of Kalantang, operation market garden and Prominent Campaign, and occupied the "Ying Chao" commanded by Hitler himself at the end of the 1945 war. From 65438 to 0993, American historian and writer Stephen Ambrose interviewed veterans of Company E and collected a lot of historical materials. After summing up, he created a long documentary "Literary Brothers". In 200 1 year, directors Steven Allan Spielberg and Tom Hanks, as producers, adapted Ambrose's works into the TV series Brothers Company, making10/Airborne Division famous all over the world.
10 1 The history of the air assault division can be traced back to the First World War. By 19 17, after several years of repeated contests, the Allies and Allies were in a state of strategic stalemate. As far away as America, the United States found it was time to participate in the division of the world, so that it was convenient for 19 17 to declare war on Germany and join the Allies. On July 23rd, 2008, 19 1 Infantry Division was formally established to meet the need of sending expeditionary forces to Europe. But before we went out, the war in Europe had stopped. 1918165438+10 1, the armistice day of World War I,1kloc-0/the infantry division retired from active service. 192 1 year,1kloc-0/infantry division was reorganized into a reserve force, with its headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On August 5th, 1942, 10 1 Reserve Infantry Division was dissolved. The next day, the US Army formally established the 10 1 Airborne Division, and its personnel and equipment mainly came from the 82nd Motorized Infantry Division. 19 In August, William C. Lee Joon will become the first teacher of10/airborne division. Because of the whistling eagle head on its armband, it is also called "whistling eagle".
Initially, 10 1 Airborne Division had a paratrooper regiment, two glider infantry regiments and three artillery battalions. In addition, there is an airborne engineering battalion, a communication company, an airborne medical company and an airborne quartermaster company. In June, 1942, 10 1 Airborne Division began strict training in Fort Breg, North Carolina. Throughout the autumn and winter, General Li devoted himself to establishing a new set of airborne combat tactics. 1June, 943,10/airborne division took over the second paratroopers' infantry regiment-the 506th paratroopers' infantry regiment.
In September, 1943, 10/airborne division boarded the ship from new york port, and arrived in England after10. They received 10 months of rigorous training in Berkshire and Wiltshire. 1944 65438+1October,1kloc-0/Airborne Division receives the 3rd Paratrooper Infantry Regiment-501Paratrooper Infantry Regiment. In March, a battalion of 40 1 Glider Infantry Regiment was strengthened to the 82nd Airborne Division. In February, General Li returned to the United States because of a heart attack. Major General maxwell taylor took over 10 1 airborne division commander.
During the training of British 10 1 Airborne Division, the Supreme Command of Allied Expeditionary Force is planning to land in Normandy, and its action code is "Operation Overlord". In this operation, 10 1 airborne division's task is: before landing on Utah beach, the landing troops at sea parachuted into the German-occupied area, seized the development and attack exit from the beach to the inland, and prevented the Germans from reinforcing these areas. In order to carry out this task, 10 1 Airborne Division participated in three military exercises of group army scale. In May, 10 1 Airborne Division troops began to leave the training base and go to the scheduled airport and assembly area.
1 June 6, 944,1kloc-0/065438,1the airborne guidance group of the airborne division jumped out of the C-47 transport plane and landed in the occupied area of France and Germany. Then, 10 1 More than 6,000 airborne divisions flew over France on a C-47 transport plane. As they approached the parachute landing field, they were savagely shot by German anti-aircraft guns. Many transport planes scatter paratroopers everywhere to avoid the fire of anti-aircraft guns. General Taylor, the division commander, can only assemble 100 people at first, and most of them are officers. When leading them to seize the causeway leading to Utah beach, he said humorously, "Never before have so many people commanded so few people". After taking the causeway, 10 1 airborne division moved on and captured the next new target-Kalantan town. Katan town is the meeting point of two American troops landing from Utah and Omaha beaches, and it is also the key to the success of this landing. 10 1 the airborne division fought bloody battles for five days and nights, drove away the German Sixth Parachute Regiment, occupied Karantan, and held on until American armored forces arrived from the beach. 10 1 the airborne division fought continuously in Normandy for 33 days and successfully completed its combat mission. 10 1 some troops of the airborne division were awarded the "excellent troops award order".
1in the autumn of 944,10/airborne division participated in the largest and boldest airborne operation in history-"Market-Garden Operation". British 1 Airborne Division, American 82nd Airborne Division and1KLOC-0/Airborne Division parachuted into a narrow corridor in the Netherlands, occupying a series of important bridges. At the same time, the British Second Army will advance from Belgium to the Netherlands, quickly cross the captured bridge, and finally cross the Rhine River in Anan, directly hitting the Ruhr area of Germany.
1944 September 17,1kloc-0/airborne division entered the combat zone from four parachutes and immediately began to seize the combat target. In Best Town, they met with stubborn resistance from the Germans. Best poses a serious threat to10/airborne division and the whole "operation market garden", and must be captured as soon as possible. After repeated struggles, the 502nd Parachute Regiment finally captured Best, clearing the first obstacle on the way forward. Two days later, the first detachment of the British Guards Armored Division arrived in Eindhoven. 10 1 the airborne division was not afraid of sacrifice or fatigue. It fought against the dominant German army for 72 days and successfully completed its combat mission. 165438+1replaced at the end of October, and evacuated to France for rest.
1944 12 16, the Germans launched a surprise attack on the allied forces in the Ardennes forest area. The American front began to collapse, and the entire northern wing of the allied forces was seriously threatened. 65438+February 17,1kloc-0/The airborne division went north immediately after receiving the combat order 107 miles. Tony is located in the center of the road network in the eastern Ardennes. 10 1 The task of the airborne division is to seize Bastogne and disrupt the German traffic lines. On February 20, 65438, the Germans seized the last road in and out of Bastogne and isolated it. German victory in the western front depends on defeating 10 1 airborne division and occupying baston. Powerful German armor and infantry tried to break through the American defense lines from the north, south and west, but they were repelled by the American army every time. 10 1 Airborne Division held its ground under repeated attacks by five German divisions until 65438+February 26th, when the 4th Armored Division of the US Army broke through the German encirclement and entered Bastogne. In the next three weeks, 10 1 Airborne Division experienced the bloodiest and most tragic battle in the Battle of Bastogne. Subsequently, together with the 3 rd Infantry Division of the US Army, the isolated German resistance areas in the Ardennes were cleared one by one, ending the German resistance in this area. The heroic act of defending Bastong won the "Outstanding Army Award Order" for 10 1 Airborne Division. In the history of the US Army, it is the first time that the whole division has won this honor.
In World War II 10 1 The last combat mission of the Airborne Division was to capture Hitler's retreat, Berchtesgaden. This time, we cooperated with the 3 rd Infantry Division of the US Army again and successfully completed the combat mission. Then he was stationed in Berchtesgaden, where he accepted the surrender of SS 13 Division and other troops. Although he retired from active service several times, he is still in service.