Cold and sad, I was late for the pavilion and the shower stopped at the beginning. The door is empty, I miss it, and the blue boat urges me to send it. I held my hand and looked at me with tearful eyes, but I was speechless. I thought about it, thousands of miles away, the twilight sank into the sky. Emotional injury and parting have existed since ancient times, and it is even more comparable to the cold autumn festival. Where will you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng, the waning moon. After the New Year, it should be a good time to exist in name only. Customs are strange, who can you tell?

biography

Bai Yixiang Qing Liu Yong (about 987- about 1053) was born in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian). Poet of Northern Song Dynasty, the most representative figure of graceful and restrained school, his masterpiece Yulinling. Formerly known as Sanbian, the word Jingzhuang. Later renamed Yong, the word Qing. Ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi. He is a scholar in the imperial court, and the official is Yuan Wailang, so he is known as Liu Tuntian in the world. Because of his bumpy career and poor life, he turned from pursuing fame to being tired of officialdom, indulging in the charming and prosperous urban life, and looking for sustenance in "leaning on the red and leaning on the green" and "singing lightly". As the first poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, he not only developed the theme of ci, but also created a large number of slow ci, developed narrative skills, and promoted the popularization and colloquialism of ci, which had a great influence in the history of ci. Beijing tour Jinshi, official wasteland Yuanwailang. As a bohemian, he was down and out all his life. His ci mostly describes the city scenery and the life of geisha, and he is especially good at expressing the feelings of traveling and service. Ci is very popular, "there is a well to drink, and you can sing Liu Ci". There is an action set.

Liu Yong's father, uncle and brother are all Jinshi, even his son and nephew. Liu Yong's own career is also bumpy. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he was born as a scholar, nearly half a year old. He was awarded Yuan Wailang, also known as Liu Tuntian. The lyrics are excellent and widely circulated. Only one volume of his works, The Collection of Movements, has survived to this day. Describe the hardships of travel, such as Ling and Klang Ganzhou. They sang unbearable parting and unforgettable memories with a serious attitude, which is very infectious.

Liu Yong, a young boy, wandered in a misty alley. At that time, the voice of geisha was: "I don't want to be called by the king, I want to be called by Liu Qi;" I don't want thousands of gold, I want to get Liu Qixin; I don't want to see the gods, I want to know the seven sides of the willow tree. "5 1 year-old, Liu Yong finally arrived in Fujian, where he left" Boiling the Sea Song "and gave deep sympathy to people who cooked salt for a living at that time. In just two years, his name was included in the Record of Famous Officials in China, which shows his talent in economic affairs. Unfortunately, due to personality reasons, I have repeatedly created and lost, so I entered a wandering "floating life" and developed a preference for bleak autumn scenery. Liu Yong often compares himself with Song Yu, and he doesn't comment on it. Liu Yong was poor in his later years and died penniless. It was his geisha sisters who raised money for the funeral in the camp. After death, there were no relatives to pay homage. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, geisha meet to pay homage to their tombs, and they are used to each other, which is called "Hanging Willow Seven" or "Hanging Willow Meeting".

Liu Yong has a persistent pursuit of official life all his life. The first time I went to Beijing to catch the exam, I failed the list. I failed the list for the second time. Supposedly, tutoring can make a comeback. Liu Yong, who does not admit defeat, just can't hold his breath. After failing the list for the second time, he indulged his temper and wrote the first song "Crane Soaring into the Sky", full of complaints and shallow knowledge. Liuyong, who is full of complaints, just wants to be happy for a while. He never imagined that it was the song "He" that made his life miserable. A few days later, Liu Yong's "cranes fly into the sky" arrived in Song Renzong. Renzong watched and sang repeatedly, and the more he read, the less he felt, and the more he read, the more annoying he became. In particular, the phrase "endure the floating name. Change to shallow singing. " It really hit a sore spot in Song Renzong. Three years later, Liu Yong took the exam again, and finally passed several levels, only waiting for the emperor to circle the list. Who knows, Emperor Renzong saw the word "Liu Yong" in the register, and Long Yan flew into a rage. He wished that Liu Yong's name could not be erased, and he criticized: "Why do you go to shallow wine and sing low?" There is also a saying that Liu Yong's drunken Penglai incident angered the incumbent, so I won't discuss it in detail here.

[Edit this paragraph] Liu Yong's family background

Liu Yong's grandfather is Liu Chong (? -980), there are six children-the first wife gave birth to Yi and Xuan, the second wife gave birth to Yan and Hong, and was promoted to Jinshi, and also gave birth to Cai and Cha, who stood on their own feet by words. Yi, Xuan, Yan, Hong, Cai and Cha all have official positions:

Liu Yi (939-? ): Being an official in the Southern Tang Dynasty, supervising the imperial history (under Zheng Wenbao's Jiang Biao Zhi, Liu Xuanguan supervised the imperial history). From the first year of Taiping Xingguo (976) to the first year of Chunhua (990), he served as the garrison commander of Leize, Feixian and Jeju in Zhou Pu. In the first year of Chunhua (990), he was sentenced to Quanzhou, and later he was doctor Zanshan and assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. Song Taizong yongxi two years (985) Liang Haobang Jinshi,

Liu Xuan: An official of Nantang, an official of Dali. In the Song Dynasty, Senior Lang was the training officer of Jeju Regiment, and later the judge of Dali Temple Zhitian Taiwan Army.

Liu Jian: The word is hidden. Eight years of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Cai Jinshi.

Liu Hong: Ju Qing, born in the first year of Xianping, Song Zhenzong (998), was born in Dehua County, Jiangzhou, and was a scholar. In the middle of the holy period, he moved the capital to be a foreign minister and finally worked as a temple official in Guanglu.

Liu Cai: Assistant Minister of Rites.

Liu Cha: At the age of seventeen, I want to be a virtuous person and wait for a letter to the Golden Horse Gate. I am a member of the Ministry of Water Resources.

Liu Yong's father Liu Yi is Liu Chong's eldest son. Liuyong is the youngest of the three brothers. He and his brothers Liu Sanfu and Liu Sanjie are very famous. At that time, it was called "Liu San Jue".

Liu Sanfu: In the second year of Tianxi (10 18), Wang was listed as a scholar.

Sanjie Liu: Jin Qing, in the first year of Jingyou (1034), Zhang was listed as a scholar, tied for the first place with Liu Yong. All officials are officials and foreign ministers.

Liu Yong has a son named Yang. Song Renzong Li Qing six years (1046), Jia An was listed as a scholar. He is an official and manager in Shaanxi Province and joined the army. Also, Liu Yong has a nephew named Qi, the son of Runzhi, a scholar in Zheng Yibang for five years (1053), and his rank is Dr. Taichang. According to legend, Liu Qigong's calligraphy and Li Taibo's The Study of zhou yuan were written by him.

[Edit this paragraph] Anecdotes

First, Liu Sanbian: Liu Yong's "He Tianchong" has a sentence "forbear to float the name and replace it with shallow singing". Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty once criticized him: "This man is good at singing, why is he' floating in name'? And fill in the text. " Erase the name. Liu Yong claimed: "Write words in order."

2. Guizi and Shili Lotus in Sanqiu: It is said that Yan Yan Liang praised the beauty of Hangzhou after reading Liu Yong's "Looking at the Tide of the Sea": "The southeast is too rich, Wusan City, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times ... There is" Sanqiu Devil, Shili Lotus ""I set out, crossed the river with my whip, and immediately attacked the Song Dynasty with 600,000 troops ". (Luo Dajing's "He Lu" Volume 1)

Third, where there is a well, you can sing Liu Ci: Ye Songmeng's "Xia Wuyu" records: "Liu Yong traveled more and sang songs when he adopted his son. Every time the musicians in the teaching workshop get a new tune, they always try to resign themselves to fate and start wandering around the world, so the sound will spread for a while. Yu Shi, a Dantu, saw a Western Xia returning to the official cloud:' Anyone who has a well can sing Liu Ci.' Liu Ci can be divided into two schools: vulgar Ci and elegant Ci.

[Edit this paragraph] Writing style

Known as "Su Hao hates willow", Liu Ci is as fresh, graceful, delicate and original as the twenty-eight girls in Jiangnan.

Liu Yong was a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and occupied an important position in the history of Ci. He expanded the scope of words and created many excellent works. Many chapters sang the pain of some down-and-out literati in the prosperous times with sad tunes, which was really touching. He also described the bustling scene of the city and the scenery of the four seasons, as well as other themes such as visiting immortals, chanting history and chanting things. Liu Yong developed the style of ci and kept more than 200 words. There are as many as 150 tones used, most of which are new tones that have never been seen before, and 78 of them are long tones and slow tones, which have made great contributions to the liberation and progress of Ci. Liu Yong also enriched the expression of ci. His ci pays attention to the structure of rules, the style of ci is clear, the language is natural and fluent, and it has distinct personality characteristics. He inherited Dunhuang music, wrote a large number of "slang words" in folk spoken language, and created Jin and Yuan music. Liu Ci also uses novel and beautiful tunes, which are full of charm, close to feelings and full of musical beauty. His ci not only spread widely at that time, but also had great influence on later generations.

[Edit this paragraph] Liu Yong's affair

Xie, a famous prostitute in the Northern Song Dynasty, was beautiful and loved to sing Liu Yong's ci. Liu Yongcai is too arrogant. He hates Injong and can't be reused. He won the imperial examination and was killed in Yuhang County. Passing Jiangzhou, I went to the prostitute's house as usual and met Xie. I saw a book "Liu Qixin Ci" in her study, which she copied in small letters. So, when she saw it and knew it, she was compatible with it. When leaving, Liu Yong wrote down new words, saying that he would never change his mind, while Xie vowed to close the door and wait for Liu Lang.

Liu Yong worked in Yuhang for three years and made many famous prostitutes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but he never forgot to thank him. Ren Man returned to Beijing and met her in Jiangzhou. I don't want Yu Ying to meet new guests and go drinking with others. Liu Yong was very disappointed. He wrote a poem on the flower wall, describing the love scene three years ago and expressing his unhappiness in standing up today. Finally, he said, "I heard that Song Yu of Lantai is versatile and gifted. How can I go all day? "

Xie came back to see Liu Yongci, sighing that he is really an affectionate wit. Ashamed of not keeping his former alliance, he sold his furniture and rushed to Tokyo to find Liu Yong. After many twists and turns, Xie found Liu Yong in the home of Master Chen, a famous prostitute in Tokyo. Reunion after a long separation, all kinds of feelings are hard to tell, and the two will get back together. Xie stayed at Teacher Chen's East Campus and lived with Liu Yongru.

Later, Liu Yong made rude remarks and offended court officials. Injong has just dismissed his post as foreign minister. The Oracle said, "Minister in white, write lyrics before the wind and under the moon." From then on, he changed his name to Liu Sanbian and went in and out of famous prostitutes' flower houses. All the food and clothing are provided by famous prostitutes, and they all beg him to give them a word to improve their social status. He is also happy to wander around the famous prostitutes' homes and write lyrics, calling himself "Liu Sanbian who was ordered to write lyrics".

Liu Yong indulged in debauchery for many years, physically and mentally hurt, and died in the home of Zhao Xiangxiang, a famous prostitute. He had neither family nor property, and no one asked him after his death. A group of famous prostitutes, such as Xie and Chen Shishi, saw his talent and infatuation and collected some money for his burial. Xie had planned to marry him and put on heavy mourning clothes for him, and all the existing prostitutes mourned for him. At the funeral, all the prostitutes in Tokyo came and half the city mourned. This is the story of "alloy burial of Liu Qi and prostitutes".

Xie was sad for Liu Lang and died two months later. Miss Chen and others miss her and bury her next to Liu Yong's tomb.

[Edit this paragraph] Liu Yong's hometown

Liu Yong was born in Rencheng County, Jeju, Jingdong West Road (987). From the first year of Chunhua (990) to the third year of Chunhua (992), Liu Yong's father Liu Yitong sentenced Quanzhou. According to the official system of the Song Dynasty, he was not allowed to bring his family. In desperation, he had to take his wife and son Liu Yong back to their hometown in Chong 'an, Fujian, and asked his stepmother Liu Yong's stepgrandmother to adopt them. It was not until the first year of Daoguang (995) that he returned to Bianjing. Therefore, from the age of four to nine, Liu Yong spent his childhood in his hometown of Chong 'an. After that, Liu Yong never had a chance to return to Chong 'an. The poem Zhongfeng Temple recorded in the Annals of Jianning written by Zhongfeng Temple in Chong 'an was written by Liu Yong as a child, and can also be called a child prodigy.

Liu Yong is a native of Wu Fuli, Chong 'an (now Five Blessingg Town, Wuyishan City, Nanping, Fujian), where he grows lotus flowers. There is a huge white elephant in front of his house, and the beautiful landscape of Zhong Ling has shaped Liu Yong's free and easy life feelings and short life experience, so how can he return to the world? So, Liu Yong left home and never came back, that beautiful hometown, that. In Wuyishan, a world natural and cultural heritage site, there is a Liu Yong Memorial Hall and a 2-meter-high bronze statue of Liu Yong in the middle section of Wuyi Palace Ancient Street in the scenic spot.

[Edit this paragraph] Selected Poems of Liu Yong

A bell ringing in the rain

The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped. Farewell outside Kyoto, but not in the mood to drink, reluctant to leave, the people on board have been urging to start. Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo.

Since ancient times, it has been awkward and cold to leave. Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. After the New Year, it should be a good time and a good scene. Customs are strange, who to talk to.

A butterfly in love with flowers

Leaning against the dangerous building, the wind is fine, looking forward to spring sorrow, and the sky is dark. In the afterglow of the grass, no one will lean on the fence and be silent.

I plan to get drunk on the map of madness and sing songs for wine, which is strong and tasteless. I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and wider, which makes people haggard for Iraq.

Tidal bore watching

Southeast shape wins, Sanwu city, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. Smoke willow painting bridge, wind curtain and green curtain, interlaced with 100 thousand people. Clouds and trees surround the bank and sand. The raging waves roll with frost and snow, and the natural hazards are endless. The city is full of jewels, and every household in Luo Qi is competing for beauty.

Thick lakes overlap and are clear. There are Sanqiu cassia seed and Shili Lotus. Qiang tube clear sky in Wan Li, night, enjoy the lotus. A thousand riders have high teeth. While listening to Xiao Gu's drunkenness, he enjoyed the clouds. The map of the future will be good. I will go back to Fengchi to boast.

Klang Ganzhou

Facing the rain from the sky, a piece of washed autumn scenery on the river is particularly cold.

The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings.

Red flowers wither everywhere, and all the beautiful scenery gradually disappears.

Only the gushing water of the Yangtze river flows eastward without sound.

Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home.

Sigh for years, why stay.

I miss a beautiful woman. I look forward to it, but I miss it several times. The sky knows my way home.

I am anxious to know me and lean on the dry place (also called "staring").

Ding Fengbo

Since the beginning of spring, I have been sad and sad, and my heart is cocoa. In the morning, flowers are spent on the tip, and the warbler wears a willow belt, but she still lies on the musk. Warm and crisp, tired of enjoying the clouds alone. I'm tired of combing all day. Nothing! When hatred and fickle feelings are gone, there is no audio book. If I knew, I would regret not locking the carved saddle. When I arrived at the phoenix window, I was only concerned with that person, like a pipe, and I was rigidly attached to teaching chanting lessons. Follow the town and don't give up. Needle and thread are idle. Sit with Yi. And me, so as not to let young people suffer from yin deficiency.

Hechongtian

On the gold list, I lost hope. How to be a temporary legacy of the Ming Dynasty? If you fail, you will struggle and not swim wildly. Why lose your life? A talented scholar and poet naturally wears white clothes.

Yanhua alley is a stranger, as Danqing barrier. Fortunately, there are people in the right place, I can look for them. And snuggling up to the red and leaning against the green, an affair, smooth sailing. Youth is in one day. Endure superficial fame and sing shallowly.

yellow

Who owns the garden in sunny days and spring? Warm method urges, the valley is peaceful, orioles dance, and the fragrant trees are moved at first. Seeing the wet golden clothes, Ye Ying speaks like a spring. Xiao Lai's big branches are rough, as if whispering his heart and profound meaning.

There is no evidence. When warm smoke comes out, I go swimming with bees. Wild tracks, two calls, and finally dance in the fog. When I was on the farm, I was in the depths of the flowers. At this time, Haiyan was spared.

Xuemeixiang

Quiet and small, dangerous buildings are independent and clear. I feel sad about autumn, and so did Song at that time. The fishing market is lonely and cold, and the water town is full of Wu Ye's sorrow. Chu Tiankuo, the waves soak in the sunset, and thousands of miles dissolve.

Miss Kerry in the breeze, ignore your face and fold your eyebrows. Unfortunately, in those days, Dun was a good boy. Elegant and graceful, full of body, water flows in the west and water flows in the east. No resentment, no desire for love, and pay for it.

Caiyungui

Gao Heng sailed briskly towards dusk. Unload Yun Fan and Shui Yi Fish Town. At dusk and when it is picturesque, the river is quiet and the bright moon flies away. It's better to listen. The village in the distance is in charge, which leads people to heartbroken. At this time, the waves are windy and the years are boundless.

It hurts. The banquet was affectionate and desolate. Don't come to the hardest part, the sleeves are in accordance with the contract, and there is fragrance. It can be regarded as a phoenix pillow, and I will never think about it at night. Love, only Qi Lin, an unforgettable word.

Guqingbei

The frozen water disappears, the breeze keeps you warm, and spring fills the eastern suburbs. The scenery is slow, the smoke is moist, and the long beach is surrounded by grass. Duan Hong flies back lightly, and Jiang Tian wanders. The distant mountains change color, and the makeup eyebrows are lightly swept. Looking at thousands of miles, leisurely leaning on danger, overlooking.

How much? It hurts the arm of spring. Where to read? Shaoyang is too early. I want to visit Dili. There are famous gardens and trees, and Meiying flowers are good. Cherish the past and be young. Follow the days, listen to music and buy laughter. Don't be dark and negative, how much time.

[Edit this paragraph] Comments on the article

First, "The Fall of Liu Yong, a Romantic Talent"

Comment on Liu Yong, no matter how you look at him, you have to admit that he is the leading romantic genius in the history of China literature. Li Bai is talented, and Su Shi is also romantic. Think romantic, play romantic, with ease. I'm afraid neither Li Bai nor Su Shi can compare with Liu Yong.

Liu Yong is not only a romantic genius, but also a failed mentor, an alcoholic who often drinks and gets drunk, a prodigal son who haunts Chu Pavilion, a small official with a bumpy career, the first professional poet who deliberately wrote lyrics in China, a tourist who wanders around the rivers and lakes, a pretentious "white skirt", a close friend of a karaoke prostitute, a bohemian playboy and a freedom to live on the streets.

When I think of Liu Yong, I naturally think of a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages: "Since ancient times, it is more worthy of being left out in the clear autumn! Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? There is a breeze and a waning moon on the bank of Yangliu. ..... "As if to see the autumn scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, the water and the sky are the same under the bridge. There are 100 thousand families in the wind curtain. Sanqiu cassia seed and Shili lotus flower are reflected in the lake. Clouds and trees surround the dike sand, and there are blue boats to urge the hair. In the sunset, my heart is cold and sad. Liuyong, with a sad face, said goodbye to two or three girls who came to see me off. Looking at those tearful eyes, Liu Yong whispered a long complaint: "In the intermittent setting sun. For the evening scene, I miss the distance, and new sorrows and old hatreds come and go. Acacia people are thousands of miles apart. The two places miss each other's feelings and are separated by Qian Shan. The rain stopped, the sky was high and the clouds were light, and the twelve Qingfeng peaks could not be seen in the distance. Without words, who will rely on high intentions? There are 10 thousand kinds of things written vertically, but who will send them to the cloud? ……"

It is well written and beautifully expressed. Liu Yong's works are full of sunshine, spring rain and painters. His description of Jiangnan is vivid, affectionate and tasteful, which fascinates the talented people in Jiangnan. Liu Yong's heart is naive, gentle and affectionate. In the sound training, such as cuckoo crying blood, such as autumn rain beating ping, the lyrics are so graceful.

Qin Lou Chuguan, a dancer and geisha, is a very experienced and sensitive topic. Dignitaries, gentlemen and gentlemen, relying on their power, fell in love with money and money in the Qin Lou Chu Guan, and led a drunken life in singing and dancing. Because of power, all this is legal and should be. They can turn around and go back to palaces and mansions, put on official clothes and black veil. As traditional moral guardians, they slandered and abused dancers and geisha who had been humiliated by them to show their civilization, elegance and integrity. Liu Yong is different, maybe only Liu Yong is different. With kindness and sincere sympathy, he observed the women living at the bottom. He put down the "white minister" who looked down on the powerful, exchanged his heart for hers, made friends with dancers and geisha, and warmed those cold hearts and bleeding souls with full true feelings. In this world full of sewage, Liu Yong saw the filth in the bones of the Song Dynasty and the meanness under the sublime cover. The dirtiest and meanest place is not the Qin Lou Chu Guan, but the magnificent palace.

Facing life, Liu Yong made no secret of his feelings and publicly sang his own voice. In Music Day and Night, I wrote:

Who caused loneliness? Foreword is always faint. I know it's hard to fight on the ground, but I regret not holding it. Not only honesty, but also people's hearts. If you don't think about it for a day, you will have a thousand eyebrows.

There is a saying in "Yu Jie Xing": I am like a flower, and I am still surprised when I dream. I can't sleep with my clothes on. A pillow is rummaged a thousand times. Only Hua Liang, a newcomer from Shuang Yan, was impressed.

"Dead Hua Lian" wrote: The wind in the dangerous building is thin, and I look forward to spring sorrow, and the sky is dark. Who will rely on silence in the afterglow of grass smoke? I plan to get drunk on the map of madness and sing songs for wine, which is strong and tasteless. I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and wider, which makes people haggard for Iraq.

……

True love, true love, truth, true man.

Dare to write, dare to sing, dare to act, dare to rebel.

Open and aboveboard, frank, sweet, rare truth, legendary story. In that society full of filth, hypocrisy, deception and cruelty, it goes without saying that Liu Yong wrote lyrics and music for dancers and singers. They embraced warmly and fell in love madly, but they were noble, clean and brilliant. If this is Liu Yong's sinking, then this sinking is so beautiful and wonderful. This is enough to eclipse those relationships in the world, especially those based on power and money.

The "gentlemen" called Liu Yong depraved because Liu Yong loved the fragrance of flowers. So "gentlemen" really haven't been to Yanhua Lane? What virtue they are and what animals they are. There are indeed gentlemen who have never been to Yanhua Lane. So, they didn't do anything outside Yanhua Lane. In other words, there is no yearning for Yanhua Lane in their souls? How many "gentlemen" dare say no.

Whether it is clear or turbid, black or white, the problem is not the matter itself, but who did it. Power is the wand of the strong. It can refer to a deer as a horse and turn decay into magic. It has a strong temptation to most men and women. With Liu Yong's wisdom and talent, he can win some power and fame for himself. Liu Yong, who was stupid, just didn't understand, but deviated from power and became close to the lower-level singer maiko.

It should be admitted that Liu Yong, who has tried and tested, can't end his yearning for his career. On one occasion, Liu Yong, 46 years old, wanted to serve the officials and the people and pay homage to Yan Shu, the prime minister of the dynasty, but he was humiliated to go out in Ding Feng with the words "colorful lines haunt Iraq".

For thousands of years, only Liu Yong dared to sink so badly, and only Liu Yong fell so wonderfully.

Second, the concrete expression of Liu Ci's elegance

Liu Yong's ci is not vulgar to the end, and there are also many elements that appeal to both refined and popular tastes, which have been pointed out by many predecessors and praised unanimously. Su Shi, for example, has long pointed out that "the common people say that folk customs, such as' frost and cold are tight, the river is cold, and the residual photos are buildings', are not true and do not lower the height of the Tang people in the poem." (Zhao Lingchou's "Hou" Volume 7 quotes Su Shi's language) Another example is:

Liu Ci is tactful and tortuous, but it is muddled in the middle. Although there are many slang words, they are full of crowns flowing on high places, and they are blessed by the sound of home. For example, all the records in Zhu Tu Zhai's Ci Zong are pure gold and pure jade, and the cultivation of land is the most important thing in his life, unlike Dongpo's generation. (Song Xiangfeng, "The Remaining Theory of Dongfu")

Experts in the Northern Song Dynasty cultivated land, and its height was no less than that of halal. Long tune can write wonderful feelings and make a loud sound with Shen Xiong's spirit and Qing Jin's spirit. ..... As the name implies, there is indeed chromatography. As the finishing touch, the fairy flies over, only once or twice, and then flies through the wall. Only by covering the bones can we inherit the Muslim God. (Liu, "Essays with People")

Others are keen to look at the vulgarity of Liu Ci rather than the elegance of Liu Ci:

Although Qi Qing has been the leader of the world for a long time (Aofang │ this word was originally a structure │), but the description is broad, the words are near and far, and the subtle interest is in the bones. There were many Yuefu in the Qing Dynasty, so there were many people who were ridiculous. You can cherish your writing, and you will be a master in the Northern Song Dynasty. (Zhou Ji's Miscellaneous Words of Jiecunzhai)

Liu Qi also had his own spectacular scenery in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but it was Liu's fault that the voice of Jin Quan Lanyi flowed into the tune of the oriole. (Sun Peng forces Jin Su to stab)

The elegance and vulgarity of Liu Ci is also closely related to its theme. As mentioned above, Liu Ci has three major themes, which have a breakthrough significance for the previous generation, namely, love life, travel and service, and urban scenery. The first theme is vulgarity, and the last two themes are elegance.

1. Travel and travel and city scenery.

Let's look at the words detention and service first.

Although Liu Yong left his hometown (Chong 'an County, Fujian Province) as an adult and lived in Bianliang, the capital city, and has always been based on this, his life is still very turbulent. Before the middle school entrance examination, he had to run for fame and fortune, and after the middle school entrance examination, he had to run for official business, so traveling and serving became his daily life. His life has traveled all over Fujian, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Chu, Huai and other places, and he may even have been to Chengdu and Chang 'an, which can be confirmed by his words.

Generally speaking, people express their feelings when they are unlucky and have no talent (knowing the Lord), so they either sigh, or are cynical, or miss the countryside, or yearn for seclusion. This tone is also found in Liu Yong's works. Although, as mentioned in the first book, Liu Yong often drags a conventional tail when writing such subjects, his elegant feelings are hard to hide. Such as "An Gongzi" watching the scenery on the boat, the next way:

A wandering official turned into a wandering journey. Short songs are idle. Qian Shan is far and near, where do you want to go to the countryside? After parting, the wind pavilion and the moon pavilion met alone, only heartbroken, causing bitterness. Listen to Du Yu and persuade people to go home.

The theme of the poem, "Qian Shan is fascinated by thousands of waters", "Where do you want to go back to your hometown", exhorting people not to go home ",lamenting the long journey and missing your hometown, which well expresses the general psychology of frustrated literati. Another example is (Manjianghong):

At the beginning of the yellow rain, Changchuan is quiet, and the sails are set at night. Near the island, the smoke is thin and the wind is weak. How many fishermen came to the village in short boats carrying all the lights. Send passengers, thinking about hurting vagrancy when returning home. Tongjiang is good, and it disappears. Waves like dye, mountains like cut. On the bank of Yanling beach, herons fly and jump. You've only accomplished one thing, and your life has an appointment with Yun Chun. Go home, a song of Zhong, from military music.

The first word clearly points out the emotional tone of "mourning for the past", and the second word clearly points out that the specific content of "mourning for the past" is "wandering officials". However, a typical scholar-bureaucrat has "You are a mere official, and you have a Yun Chun appointment all your life" and "You are a mere official, so you have to respect a hundred acres of wine and enjoy leisure" (Dead Hua Lian). There is no doubt that such words should belong to elegant words.

In addition to writing that talents don't meet the wise Lord of SHEN WOO like ordinary people, Liu Yong also writes that talents don't meet good people. This kind of words are often mixed with some vulgar tastes, but they always write their own ideas about beautiful women in such a big field as tourism and service, so the overall style is still elegant, but elegant and vulgar. Such as "balcony road":

Chutian night, falling cold maple leaves, sparse red messy. At the risk of dust collection, you can't see the water and mountains if you drive away at once. When I miss my youth, I am in the wind, snuggling up to the incense. I'm used to playing, but I'm not sure. The old fun is over. Looking back at the imperial city in vain, I can't stop crying. Disappeared, it is a secret lock, and the road is infinite. Tonight, I live in Weicun Mountain Pavilion. Under the cold light, you are tired at night. Why bother?

Although there is also the word "leaning on incense and snuggling up to warmth" in the ci, the purpose is to compare today's desolation with the past's gentleness, and not to break away from the traditional elegance. Therefore, Chen's "Xie Zhi Zhai Ti" commented: "The style of Qi Qing's ci is not high, but the rhythm is harmonious and graceful, the meaning is appropriate, the air is balanced, and the music is described, especially on the road."

Look at urban scenery words again.

Chen's ci with the theme of urban scenery fully embodies his characteristics of "calming the weather and expressing perfect music" Fan Zhen and Huang Shang once sighed with emotion respectively:

In the forty-second year of Renzongping, the town has been in Hanyuan for more than ten years, and can't sing a song, but I have seen it in Qi Qing's ci. (Zhu Mu's Yu Fang Sheng Lan, Volume 10)

Looking at Liu's music, I am glad that he can show the peaceful atmosphere of Jia (You You), such as reading Du Fu's poems and elegant Mandarin. It's time to give it to the party. I also want to see its customs and cheer for harmony. It's all over the road. It makes people sing and listen to their words, as follows, which makes people feel deeply. Oh! Peaceful weather, Liu Neng wrote in the movement, how can the so-called (dedication) algae of prosperous poets be abandoned! (Huang Shang's "Post-book Collection Movement")

They are so emotional because singing is the highest function of poetry, which belongs to "ode" in style, elegance and ode, and is the most solemn and lofty. Liu Yong, on the other hand, rarely uses the words "one poem after another", which makes people admire him. This also reflects Liu Yong's development of ci content. In this case, of course, it is elegant.

Liu Yong's achievement can not be separated from his long-term living in such a prosperous urban environment as "looking up, painting pavilions and brothels, embroidering bead curtains, carving cars to compete in the streets, BMW competing for the imperial road, resplendent and magnificent, full of fragrance, laughing and laughing at Liu Mo flowers, and tuning teahouses and wineries" (Meng Yuan's Dream of Tokyo).

In his works, the scenery in Suzhou is "countless green waters and red mansions" ("Magnolia is slow"), "ten thousand wells are dry and rich, thirteen States are overwhelming, green moths collide, and red powder embraces Zhu" ("Yan Ruiyan"); Yangzhou scenery is "hops still exist, Feng Xiao is still heard in the middle of the month" and "Linjiang Fairy Biography"); The scenery in Chengdu is "different land, romantic brocade and prosperous silkworm market" ("One Inch of Gold"). Of course, the scenery of Kyoto is the most written. There are not only general descriptions, but also special descriptions such as celebrating the Lantern Festival and dragon boat racing, such as "Inverted Cup Song" and "Broken Array Song". Some descriptions are similar to Meng's Tokyo Dream China Record (see the above quotation). Some are more elegant and magnificent than him, such as: "On the edge of the moonlight, cigarettes rise from evergreen trees, the emperor is magnificent, the royal family is prosperous, and there are thousands of treasures." The end door is bright in the daytime, the ridge shines in the sun, and the sky is in the sky. In peacetime, both the ruling and the opposition are happy. Songs are blowing all over the street, and immortals are in Yuen Long. "(Through the Blue Sky) and" Welcome the New Year ":

(mountain solution) the method of turning the tube into green, sunny in the ground and walking. Eyes are bright and warm. Celebrate Jia Festival, when three or five. Fierce lanterns, thousands of families. After nine miles, Luo Qixiang has a breeze. Burning crimson trees for miles. │││││││││││││││││││││││││││││947 In the fragrant path, countless fruits are thrown. Young people often take risks in the shadow of candles and flowers. In peacetime, people in the ruling and opposition parties are happier. Get along well with each other. I can't help waking up and going home.

Shang Kun described the lively scene of the Lantern Festival in Dili. Although Xia Kun described that "teenagers often have adventures", it was only limited to "Wei and women, making fun of each other and giving peonies" ("Poetry"), which was no less than "The Book of Songs".

Of course, among the works describing the city scenery, the most influential one is the song "Looking at the Tide of the Sea" praising Hangzhou:

Southeast shape wins, Sanwu city, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. Smoke willow painting bridge, wind curtain and green curtain, interlaced with 100 thousand people.

Clouds and trees surround the dike sand, and the raging waves roll frost and snow, and the natural hazards are endless. The city is full of jewels, and every household in Luo Qi is extravagant.

Lake stacks [mountain offerings]. There are Sanqiu cassia seed and Shili Lotus. Qiang tube clear sky in Wan Li, night, enjoy the lotus.

Riding a thousand times with high teeth, listening to flutes and drums and enjoying the haze. If the future is good, I will go back to Fengchi to boast.

It is said that this word has spread to the state of Jin. "Lord Jin Liang listened to the song and was very satisfied with' Sanqiu Devil, Shili Lotus', so he set out to cross the river with a whip." (Luo Dajing's Record of He Lin Yu, Volume 13) There is no doubt that "Sanqiu Guizi, Shili Lotus" wins with elegance.

To sum up, it can be seen that Liu Yong did write a lot of words that suit both refined and popular tastes, mainly distributed in tourism themes and urban scenery themes. And this kind of elegance has the expression of "elegance in love, elegance in environment and elegance in language" in art.