During the period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Chen was conquered militarily, which led to the successful reunification of China, which had been seriously divided for hundreds of years, and the Turks were broken and honored as "Holy Khan". In internal affairs, China has become a prosperous country by creating an advanced official selection system and developing a cultural economy. During the reign of the emperor, the Sui Dynasty was a glorious period of agricultural civilization in China, with a vast territory and a population of more than 7 million.
1, early experience
Emperor Wen of Sui's father, Yang Zhong, followed Emperor Wendi Yu Wentai of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the Kansai Uprising. He was given the surname Pu, and his rank was He Sikong, and he was named Duke of Sui. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Taibao, and posthumous title Huan and Emperor Wen of Sui inherited his father's title. He felt that he was "beside the emperor, like a companion sleeping in a tiger".
Yu Wenxian, King of Qi, once said to Yuwen Yong, Emperor Wu, "Liu Pu looks beautiful like a sword. Every time I see him, I don't feel lost. I'm afraid no one will introduce me to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Please get rid of him early. " Originally, Yu Wenyong had doubts about Emperor Wendi. After hearing this, Yu Wenxian became more skeptical.
However, I was still hesitant about whether to kill Emperor Wendi immediately, so I asked Qian Bo to send a doctor to make peace. He also said that Emperor Wendi was extraordinary, but secretly wanted to leave a way out for himself, so he lied and said, "Emperor Wendi is reliable. If the emperor makes him a general and leads his troops to attack Chen, there will be no invincible city defense. " A fatal disaster was avoided for Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.
Yuwen Yong was still very worried, and secretly sent someone to invite the fortuneteller Zhao Zhao to visit Emperor Wen of Sui secretly. Zhao Zhao was friendly with Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, pretending to observe Emperor Wendi's face in front of Yu Wenyong, and then casually said, "Your Majesty, please don't worry. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was extremely ordinary in appearance and had no great wealth. At most, he is just a general. " Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty passed another dangerous barrier.
At this time, Wang Gui advised Yuwen Yong that "Yang Jian's appearance is upside down", which implied that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty should be removed as soon as possible. Because Yuwen Yong believed the conclusion of the fortuneteller Zhao Zhao, he said unhappily, "If it is really destiny, what can we do?" Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty once again saved the day.
After Yuwen Yong's death, his son Yu Wenyun ascended the throne, and Yang Lihua, the eldest daughter of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was named queen, and Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was promoted to general and Fu.
Yu Wenyun is more suspicious of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. He once bluntly said to Queen Yang, "I will kill your family", and ordered the chamberlain to ambush the killer in the palace, repeatedly telling him, "If Emperor Wen of Sui is a little rude, kill him!" Then called Yang Jian into the palace, to discuss politics. Sui Wendi saved the day several times, and his heart was ready. YuWenYun again how excited, again how brutal, Yang Jian laughed, YuWenYun no pitfalls to take advantage of.
Finally, Yang Jian came up with the strategy of "killing two birds with one stone", and revealed to Yu Wenyun through Zheng Yi, a doctor of literature and history, that he had long wanted to be a vassal, which was exactly what Yu Wenyun wanted, and immediately appointed him as the secretariat of Bozhou, dismissing Yu Wen and Sui Wendi.
When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was appointed as the general manager of Bozhou, Pang Huang advised him to start an army and set up an imperial business. Emperor Wendi of Sui held Pang Huang's hand and said, "The time is not yet ripe." At this point, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty wanted to win the heart of Zhou Zidai, which was beyond words.
Yu Wenyun is the hereditary king of the royal family. He doesn't ask about state affairs, indulge in debauchery, and his mind is full of civilian military commanders who dare to be angry and dare not speak.
Not only did Yu Wenyun not listen to the advice of loyal ministers, but he felt that the emperor was too dissatisfied. He finally came up with a free and easy way to give the emperor to his 6-year-old son, calling himself Emperor Tianyuan, living in the harem, eating, drinking and having fun with concubines and ladies-in-waiting. The luxurious life made him die at the age of 22.
2. The establishment of the Great Sui Dynasty
Although the Northern Zhou Dynasty prospered after the demise of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Xuan Di, the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was extravagant and flashy, indulged in debauchery and political corruption, and had five empresses at the same time. Emperor Wendi, the consort, took the opportunity to send the etiquette of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abroad, and the state affairs gradually became his master.
Yu Wenchan (Zhou Jingdi) acceded to the throne and appointed Emperor Wendi Sui as Prime Minister. Zhou Jingdi was only 7 years old when he acceded to the throne, and he was still a child who was not sensible. Therefore, with the help of Zheng Yi and Liu Yun, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty took control of the Northern Zhou Dynasty as a consort. After Emperor Wendi became prime minister, he began to plot to usurp the Northern Zhou regime. First, he cheated five kings of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, namely Zhao Wangzhao, Chen, Yue Wangcheng, Wang Da and Teng Wangcheng.
In the second year of the elephant (AD 580), Xuan Di, the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, died of illness. Liu Yun and Emperor Wendi of Chair Zhao supported Yu Wenchan, the young emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and assisted the government as the prime minister. Governors in Xiangzhou, Yunzhou, Sima Xiaoman and Yizhou. Dissatisfied with the autocracy of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, they rebelled against Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty together, but Wei Xiaokuan and Wang Qian were sent by Emperor Wen of Sui.
In February of the first year of Dading (AD 58 1 year), Jingdi abdicated from the Northern Zhou Dynasty to Emperor Wendi, who proclaimed himself emperor, namely Emperor Wendi, the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Daxing City (now Xi 'an) as the capital, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished.
On Jiazi Day in February 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty announced his abdication with the imperial edict of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Sui was resigned by destiny and he secretly entered the palace. As a gift, the emperor set up a temple in Guang Lin, named the National Sui Dynasty, changed his name and opened the emperor, and declared an amnesty for the world.
3. Unify China and establish the Sui Dynasty.
After Emperor Wendi put down the rebellion, only the Southern Chen Dynasty and Xiliang, located in a corner of Jiangling, were left to unify the world. In the seventh year of Emperor Kai (65438+5871October 26th), Xiliang was abandoned and died.
In the eighth year (588), Emperor Wendi of Sui led the water army and Yang Guang out of Liuhe, Yang Jun out of Xiangyang and Su Yang out of Yong 'an, with a total strength of 51.8000. In December of eight years, Chen defeated the defenders along the river and went down the river. However, because the urgent documents were detained by Shi Wenqing and Shen Keqing, Chen Chao could not take the army out of Jiankang.
On February 589 10 (20th day of the first month of the ninth year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), Chen led Ren Zhongjin into Jiankang City, but Chen was captured alive, and the Chen Dynasty perished.
Soon, Chen's local troops were either ordered to surrender or resisted and were wiped out. Only the Lingnan area is protected by Mrs. Xian.
In August 590 (the tenth year of Zhenguan), Wei Yun, the envoy of Sui Dynasty, and others pacified Lingnan. Mrs. Xian led the crowd to meet the Sui envoy, and the Lingnan States were called Sui land. At this point, the world is unified.
4, the emperor's rule
Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty established the Sui Dynasty, unified China, and made Chang 'an (Daxing City) its capital, which created a brilliant "imperial rule", ended the nearly 300-year separatist regime from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, and realized the reunification of China, the integration of northern nationalities and the economic development of the South since the Qin and Han Dynasties. For the first time, he implemented the system of three provinces and six departments, which was used until the Qing Dynasty. He initiated the imperial examination; He formulated the most advanced law at that time and influenced the basic legislation of later generations-the Law of Opening the Emperor.
The reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began during the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. At that time, people's livelihood was rich, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was stable. Emperor Wendi advocated frugality, saved a lot of expenses in * * *, abolished unnecessary miscellaneous taxes, and set up granaries to store grain. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty successfully unified China after several hundred years of serious division, and China maintained the political unity he established for most of the centuries.
Politically, after the unification of China, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty practiced frugality and took many measures to consolidate the political power. Because he realized that "since ancient times, emperors have not been extravagant, but they can last for a long time", he advocated frugality in life from the time of Fuzheng, and the concubines in the palace did not make beautiful decorations. Generally, literati use cloth and silk, and ornaments only use bronze and iron horns, not gold and jade.
Emperor Wendi tried to use beard powder and woven collar, but he couldn't find it all over the palace. This frugality lightens the burden on the people and is conducive to the implementation of various measures.
Emperor Wendi of Sui appointed officials by seniority and selected officials through examinations. Wendi himself is committed to thrift, and finishing is an official. He sent people to inspect fifty-two states in Hebei Province, dismissed more than 200 corrupt officials and laid off about three-tenths of the local redundant staff. He also simplified the criminal law, reduced the torture of the previous generation, and formulated the Sui Law, which made the criminal law concise and to the point, "turning light into heavy, turning death into a living."
Economically, it imitates the land equalization system of the Northern Wei Dynasty and adopts the land equalization system, with 80 mu for males, 20 mu for females and 40 mu for females. In addition, they reduce taxes and taxes and rest with the people. For example, Ding's age was changed to 2 1 or 18, and he served less than three years. He also changed the annual service period from 30 days to 20 days, and reduced the silk of one horse (40 feet).
In addition, Emperor Wendi ordered the reorganization of household registration, with five as the guarantee, five as the Lu and four as the clan. At the beginning of the emperor's accession to the throne, there were more than 3.6 million households, rising from 500,000 to 8.7 million (in the most prosperous period of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, there were 8.2 million households nationwide, the highest in the Tang Dynasty). In order to prepare for a rainy day, warehouses are widely set up, which are divided into official warehouses and voluntary warehouses. The official warehouse is used for grain transportation and storage, while the warehouse is used for relief.
Wendi is also committed to construction, building a new capital and a big city in the southeast of Chang 'an. Dig a wide channel to lead Wei Shui from Daxing to Tongguan, which is convenient for water transportation in Kanto.
In terms of academic culture, Emperor Wen strongly advocated culture and education and sought books extensively. In view of the long war, official books were scattered all over the place, so he wrote a letter asking for books from all over the world. A year or two later, the books were fully prepared and sorted out, and more than 30 thousand copies were obtained. In order to recruit talented people, he abolished the nine-grade system and began to select officials by means of subject examinations, which also promoted the development of education.
Militarily, in view of the fact that the Turks invaded the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty from time to time with their strong military strength, Emperor Wendi of Sui sent troops to attack the Turks after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, and then adopted the strategy of alienating and splitting into two, so that the Turks met each other and Sui was able to eliminate the worries of the North.
Due to the implementation of the above measures, during the first 20 years of Emperor Wen's rule, the politics of Sui Dynasty was clear, the population increased, the treasury was enriched, and no foreign invasion occurred. Social prosperity is called "the rule of the emperor" in history. During the reign of Emperor Kaihuang, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was politically clear and had a strong national strength, which was the heyday of the Sui Dynasty.
5. Emperor Wendi died.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was troubled by various philosophers in his later years. First, he put his third son, King Yang Jun of Qin, under house arrest. In 600 AD, Yong Yang, the eldest son, was banished to Shu Ren, and Yang Guang, the second son, was made a prince. In 602 AD (the second year of Renshou), the fourth son of Shu was demoted.
In 604 AD (the fourth year of Renshou), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty died of illness in the Great Hall of Fame. He reigned for 23 years, died at the age of 64, and was buried in Tailing (now 5 kilometers west of Yangling District, Shaanxi Province).
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