Soil scientist Wang Zunqin. Long-term commitment to the occurrence, evolution, classification and improvement of saline soil. Take the lead in studying the law of water and salt movement and the occurrence and prediction of soil secondary salinization in China; In the agricultural development strategy and comprehensive management of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the well group was successfully used to exploit groundwater for irrigation and salt suppression, which reduced the groundwater level, and then formed various irrigation and drainage projects combining wells, ditches and canals, and made breakthrough achievements in preventing soil salinization.

Chinese name: Wang Zunqin.

Nationality: China.

Place of Birth: Tai 'an City, Shandong Province

Date of birth:1July 9, 923

Occupation: soil scientist

Graduate school: Nanjing University

Representative Works: Improving Saline Soil for Farmers in Guang Bei.

biographical notes

1923 was born in Taian city, Shandong province on July 9.

1950 graduated from the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing University (formerly National Central University).

1950- 1953 was a research intern in the soil laboratory of the Central Geological Survey.

1953- 1956 assistant researcher, soil research institute, China academy of sciences.

1956- 1958 institute of soil and water conservation, China academy of sciences (Beijing), assistant researcher.

1958- 1960, Institute of Soil Research, former Soviet Academy of Sciences.

1960- 196 1 year, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, China Academy of Sciences (Beijing), assistant researcher.

196 1- 1965 assistant researcher of Nanjing institute of soil, Chinese academy of sciences, director of soil salinization geochemical laboratory, etc.

Brief introduction to life

Wang Zunqin, 1923, was born in a poor peasant family in Jinxian Village, north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. Because his father was killed in the Northern Expedition, he was sent to Nanjing National Revolutionary Army School to study. 1937 graduated from primary school, just as the Japanese invaded China, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out and the people were poor. He dropped out of school for two years and suffered from dropping out of school and relying on the country. After finishing junior high school and high school, he was admitted to the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, National Central University. 1August, 950, graduated from university and was assigned to work in the soil laboratory of the Central Geological Survey. 1953, which was expanded into the Institute of Soil Research of China Academy of Sciences.

During the period of 1950- 1952, under the leadership of Professor Li Qingkui and Professor Xi Fancheng, he successively participated in field surveys and mapping such as "Coastal Saline Soil in Northern Jiangsu", "Suitable Rubber Grass Soil in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China" and "Exploration, Design and Reclamation of Yuntaishan Farm in Jiangsu", and made indoor chemical analysis. I learned and mastered the methods of field work and the whole process of various research work, which laid a solid foundation for the future salinization research. 1953- 1954, responsible for organizing and participating in the soil survey in Zhang Dayu Irrigation District, Shandong Province, as the leader of the investigation team, responsible for completing the report on the formation conditions and improvement and utilization of coastal saline soil in Zhang Dayu Irrigation District, Shandong Province, and various maps, which provided scientific data for the construction of irrigation areas, the development of irrigation from the Yellow River and the improvement of coastal saline-alkali land. The monograph "Saline Soil in China" compiled by him is highly theoretical, informative and fruitful, and has been highly praised by scholars at home and abroad. 1995 won the first prize of natural science of China Academy of Sciences, and 1997 won the third prize of national natural science. Wang Zunqin has been responsible for and participated in the compilation of 8 monographs and published more than 20 papers and reports1.Among them, authoritative works such as Saline Soil in China, Soil Salinization Zoning Map in China and Distribution Map of Saline Land Resources in China have been highly praised and cited by colleagues at home and abroad. Because of these systematic research results, he founded a branch of soil salinization geochemistry in the field of soil science in China, and became a recognized founder in this field, which also had certain influence abroad. He has a decent style of study and rigorous scholarship, and has trained six graduate students. Won 16 national, college-level special projects, first and second prizes for scientific and technological progress, natural science awards and other honorary awards, among which 6 were ranked first and 10 other honors.

Technical achievements

Formation and properties of saline soil

On the basis of summarizing the existing research at home and abroad, Wang Zunqin first proposed that saline-alkali soil is an important part of soil in arid, semi-arid and desert areas and coastal areas, with active and complex geochemical characteristics, which constitutes a worldwide problem of soil salinization in global environmental change, and needs multidisciplinary theory and comprehensive means for research and prevention. Therefore, an independent branch of soil salinization geochemistry should be established in soil science, whose task is to study the source, migration and accumulation of salt in soil and water and its relationship with the formation and properties of salinized soil, the mechanism of salt tolerance of plants, and the measures and theoretical basis for preventing soil salinization. With his long-term efforts, the subject of soil salinization geochemistry in China has been established and gradually improved.

On the basis of a large number of research data, he first divided the process of modern soil salt accumulation into four types: seawater immersion, groundwater and surface waterlogging, groundwater and surface runoff, and expounded their respective salinization characteristics. Studies have proved that soil salinization can also occur under the condition of groundwater with light water quality and low salt content, thus correcting the traditional assertion that soil salinization can only occur if the salt content of groundwater reaches more than 3 g/L.

There are three reasons for soil secondary salinization.

He believes that there are three reasons for soil secondary salinization:

(1) Large-scale gravity irrigation caused the shallow groundwater level to rise, exceeding its critical depth;

(2) There is a salt accumulation layer in the soil core and subsoil, and its salt is activated by the dissolution of seepage water and accumulated on the surface;

(3) Irrigation with mineralized surface water or groundwater without control measures leads to salt accumulation on the surface of soil.

Causes of irregular distribution

He revealed that the reasons for the patchy distribution of saline soil on the micro-topography are:

(1) The ground in the micro-area is uneven, and the surface temperature and humidity of soil in adjacent areas are different;

(2) There are stagnant water layer and salt supporting layer in layered sedimentary soil;

(3) There are high salinity groundwater domes in some areas.

He also expounded the salt accumulation characteristics and distribution law of residual saline soil, and pointed out that residual salt can be divided into soil-forming process products and geological process products.

Wang Zunqin found that in the case of large-scale mechanized well irrigation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, if there is residual sodium carbonate in low salinity or weakly alkaline groundwater, if preventive measures are not taken, the soil may be secondary alkalized. Overgrazing of meadow grassland will aggravate the development of soil alkalization. He first proposed that soil alkalization can be divided into modern alkalization, residual alkalization and secondary alkalization.

In the classification and grading of saline soil, he took the lead in distinguishing two new subcategories, namely, tidal saline soil and tidal alkaline soil (namely "tile alkali"), and discussed the difference between their formation process and meadow saline soil and meadow alkaline soil, and put forward the quantitative index and basis of soil salinization and grading.

Based on the research on the formation conditions and salinization characteristics of magnesium-alkali saline soil, he proposed that the improvement ways and methods should be different from those of sodium-alkali saline soil, and pointed out the reasons for the failure of improvement and utilization in the past.

On the basis of long-term experiments in Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and other places, he built a distinctive underground laboratory to simulate the dynamics of soil water and salt by using the soil salt and moisture sensors developed by the Soil Research Institute. According to the long-term observation results of water and salt dynamics in layered soil under evaporation-infiltration conditions, the mechanism of slow operation of water and salt capillaries in cohesive soil layer is revealed, and the conclusion that the critical depth of groundwater causing soil salinization is the largest abroad is corrected.

Through field simulation experiments, the effects of tillage layer maturation and plant mulching on soil water and salt transport were expounded, and the physical and chemical properties and mechanism of the inhibition of soil salt retrogression by maturity layer thickness and maturity were put forward for the first time.

Based on the observation of water and salt movement in soil-groundwater system for many years, he put forward the numerical range of critical depth of groundwater to prevent soil salinization in different bioclimatic zones in China under different soil structures and hydrogeological conditions.

Main thesis

1 Wang Zunqin. Improvement of Saline Soil by Farmers in Guang Bei County, Shandong Province. Earth communication. 1955 ( 1 1): 15 ~ 16.

2. Qin et al., "Formation and Improvement of Coastal Saline Soil in Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area of Shandong Province". Soil Special ReportNo. 28. 1955: 55 ~ 108.

3. Qin, et al Rice planting with water network drainage in North China Plain is the main way to improve saline soil. Science bulletin.1961(4):116.

4 Wang Zunqin, etc. Soil salinization zoning and control measures in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. Acta soil. 1964,12 (1):1~ 22.

5 Wang Zunqin, etc. Formation conditions and distribution law of saline soil in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. Acta soil. 1963, 1 1 (4): 343 ~ 360, etc.

Main contribution

Under the guidance of Professor Xiong Yi, he took the lead in putting forward the guiding ideology of "combining water conservancy measures with agricultural biological measures and comprehensively managing them according to local conditions". He was the first to successfully use the characteristic pumping well to exploit groundwater for irrigation, effectively reducing the groundwater level, thus making a breakthrough in preventing soil salinization. Furthermore, it has developed into a technical system that combines irrigation and drainage engineering measures with various forms of wells and canals and diversified agricultural biological measures to comprehensively prevent and control natural disasters such as drought, flood, salinity and so on, and has achieved remarkable results and huge economic benefits in production. In the prevention and control of soil alkalization, he took the protection of ecological environment as the guiding ideology, and used the "three wastes" of industrial and mining enterprises, such as phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, weathered coal and rural organic materials, to carry out soil improvement experiments, and achieved remarkable results, and expounded its mechanism. In undertaking the national agricultural development strategy and the scientific and technological research task of comprehensive management and development of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, he has made outstanding achievements and made great contributions. The scheme and its basis for rational utilization and regulation of water resources have won the praise of the majority of relevant personnel and been listed as the priority scheme in the water transfer plan of "diverting water from the Yellow River to Beijing" by the Ministry of Water Resources.