This article is taken from: Northeast News Network. Core Tip: (1961) On March 30th, Liu Yalou signed the agreement. According to the contract, the Soviet Union will grant China the franchise to produce MiG -2 1 aircraft, without any conditions attached, but all technical assistance will be paid. Liu Yalou1On June 25th, 960, Marxist-Leninist political parties of various countries held a meeting in Bucharest, and Khrushchev suddenly carried out anti-China propaganda, which led to a rift in the relations between the two countries. In July of the same year, the Soviet Union unilaterally tore up the aid agreement to China, withdrew its experts and sabotaged the aid project to China, which made China's space industry once again in a fog. Khrushchev single-handedly, just want to conquer some European countries to subdue China, forcing China to obey him. However, in February of 196 1, Khrushchev suddenly wrote to * *, expressing his willingness to continue to transfer the manufacturing right of MIG-2/kloc-0 fighter to China, hoping to send a delegation to Moscow for negotiations as soon as possible. The air confrontation of ace planes on the Korean battlefield made keen military scientists realize the importance of developing high-speed fighters. 1958, the United States took the lead in achieving this goal, and successfully developed the F- 104 star fighter with M2.02(2 146 km/h). In the same year, the Soviet Union also developed MIG -2 1 fighter with similar performance. MIG -2 1 is still under development, and China signed a technical assistance contract with the Soviet Union. Shortly after the signing of the contract, Sino-Soviet relations suddenly deteriorated, and the Soviet Union unilaterally suspended the execution of the contract. * * * In the same year, the Central Military Commission held an enlarged meeting. According to the situation at that time and the needs of air force construction, the development policy of the air force focusing on high-altitude and high-speed fighters was clearly put forward, requiring the J-6 aircraft (MIG-19) to pass the customs first, and then developing the J-7 aircraft imitating MIG -2 1. Now, when Sino-Soviet relations were extremely tense, Khrushchev made this inexplicable and unusually friendly move, which made China hesitant and full of doubts, but the generous people of China finally made an amazing choice. Liu Yalou, who presided over the compilation of air force regulations and textbooks during his recuperation in Hangzhou, was appointed as the head of the China delegation. Zhou Enlai made a face-to-face speech and decided the principle of equality and mutual benefit. Before going abroad, Zhou Enlai summoned Liu Yalou alone to explain his work. In June last year, when Khrushchev suddenly decided to withdraw Soviet experts, Zhou Enlai specially entrusted Liu Yalou to meet with General Batov, the head of the Ministry of National Defense expert who was still on vacation in Qingdao at that time, in order to understand his reaction to Khrushchev's decision to withdraw military experts face to face. Liu Yalou said to General Bartov: Comrade Khrushchev ordered the withdrawal of all experts in China, and said that this was the unanimous demand of the experts, because we were unfriendly to the experts, which made them unable to work, and so on. As an expert leader, have you heard the specific opinions of experts? I hope you can criticize them publicly. I get along well with my friends in China, Bartov said solemnly. Personally, I have never felt anything disrespectful or unfriendly. These phenomena do not exist. However, as a soldier, it is a duty to obey orders. As for whether Comrade Khrushchev's decision is right or wrong, I personally certainly have my own views. The lessons of history should be learned. Stalin went too far in dealing with the Yugoslav issue, failed to calm down, made a big mistake, and caused a long-term unhealed wound with great losses. Besides, China is not Yugoslavia, so it is more cautious. My personal opinion is reserved. Through this appointment, Liu Yalou not only found out the attitude of expert leaders, but also learned that most Soviet military experts were friendly to China, which provided a basis for the Central Committee to further expose Khrushchev's sinister intentions. This time, after studying and analyzing various possible situations and solutions with Liu Yalou, Zhou Enlai said that this was the first delegation sent after the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, and the central authorities attached great importance to it. The general spirit is supercilious, reasonable restraint, equality and mutual benefit consultation. "If people don't commit crimes against me, I won't commit crimes." If the other party deliberately provokes, it will resolutely fight back. Liu Yalou gave a detailed report on the discussions and opinions of the Air Force and Aviation Industry Bureau on the issue that the Soviet Union is preparing to transfer the manufacturing right of MiG -2 1 fighter. Zhou Enlai said: We have been to two delegations on the issue of manufacturing rights. The first time was 195 1 1, led by Comrade He Changgong; The second time was 1957, which was received by Teacher Nie. What the hell is the Soviet Union doing? There were fewer professionals who visited the first two times, and they didn't know much about it. This time, we should learn from the past experience and invite more people, including experts in all fields, to get all the technical information we want as much as possible, especially the technical conditions and test methods of raw materials. Liu Yalou said: MIG -2 1 fighter is one of the most advanced new fighters in the world. If the Soviet Union really has the sincerity to transfer the manufacturing right to us, it will undoubtedly be a turning point in China's aviation industry, which will not only solve the urgent need of the successor aircraft of the Air Force, but also enable our aircraft design and manufacturing department to have a big training session and thoroughly understand the various performance foundations of the MIG -2 1 fighter. Zhou Enlai looked serious and resolute: We may have the right to build MiG-2/KLOC-0 fighters, but we cannot allow the Soviet Union to use this as an excuse to attach any conditions. If they want to blackmail us into making concessions in principle with manufacturing rights, then we'd rather not! The general was furious and refuted the accompanying "KGB". In March, Liu Yalou led a delegation to Moscow. In order to prevent the ubiquitous surveillance and eavesdropping by KGB, more important meetings of the delegation were held in the Embassy of China in the Soviet Union. One room has jamming equipment. As soon as the machine is turned on, the wall can beep continuously, so the remote control bug can't hear the conversation clearly. Liu Yalou proposed to visit the manufacture of MIG -2 1 fighter. After consideration, the Soviet side agreed that the delegation would visit the aircraft factory for three days. Before he left, Liu Yalou repeatedly told us that we were forbidden to visit the aircraft factory before the Soviet Union, and Khrushchev invited us on a whim, which was hard-won. Every workshop, every working procedure and every production line should be carefully checked and inquired, and every tiny link should be spared. You should know that we will also make MIG -2 1 in the near future. At the end of a tense day's visit, the delegation was invited to take a nap in the conference room. When the factory was preparing to arrange accommodation for the delegation, Dvorachenko, who accompanied the delegation, said indifferently: No, Comrade China must return to Moscow by train tonight. The atmosphere in the meeting room became tense. Liu Yalou asked coldly in Russian: You promised to let us visit for three days. Now I have just finished watching it for a day, and there are still many problems in my mind that need to be discussed with the factory. But what do you mean by letting us go back today? Dvorenko's blue eyes showed a cold and arrogant look: according to Soviet law, foreigners are not allowed to stay in cities outside Moscow without passports and must return on the same day! Liu Yalou suddenly stood up from the sofa, her voice excited and resentful: We are guests invited by Comrade Khrushchev. Is it a friendly attitude for you to treat us like this? Dvorachenko roared with a straight neck: this is the law, and no one can invite guests! Liu Yalou smiled contemptuously: I don't know your laws, but as the host, since you know the relevant regulations, why don't you remind us to bring our passports in advance? Hjelmar Soff, the factory director, saw that the situation was not good, and hurried forward to persuade him: Calm down for the time being, please exchange views in the cabin inside, otherwise it will be harmful in public. Liu Yalou waved his hand and sounded like Hong Zhong, which was shocking: No, we have to make the problem clear in front of everyone in this place, so that the comrades in the factory can see his attitude! Dvorachenko knew that he had met a difficult opponent. From the first meeting, he felt that his opponent was unusual and aggressive. As a KGB, he naturally knows his opponent's troubled past. Soviet Aviation Festival, Liu Yalou counterattacked Khrushchev, and Liu Yalou led a delegation to participate in the Soviet Aviation Festival. After the banquet, Khrushchev, out of the strategic intention of being close to the United States, Britain and France, specially invited the heads of delegations from several capitalist countries to one side for tea and coffee, laughing and laughing, which made the representatives of the fraternal parties in Eastern Europe very cold. Some delegations felt uncomfortable and left. Liu Yalou felt that the host's behavior violated diplomatic etiquette. However, it is impolite and unpretentious to walk away like the delegation of the Brothers Party. If you don't leave, standing in the corner of the garden is not the way. He expressed dissatisfaction with Major Lavrov, the Soviet liaison officer accompanying him: What are we doing in the garden? Is it better to leave or stay? The Soviet major rushed to Khrushchev's side and whispered that Colonel China was unhappy. Khrushchev one leng, personally to Liu Yalou, please sit down. Khrushchev said: This general is the air force commander of China people, a general with both civil and military skills, and has studied in the Soviet Union. Wen Ning, the US air force secretary, immediately took over: General Liu Yalou and I are already friends, and we just had a drink at the banquet to express our friendly wishes. The rapid development of China Air Force is admirable. Khrushchev talked about some brilliant achievements of China's Air Force, and then inexplicably said: We know that potatoes have buds and skins, and the skins can't be eaten, so we threw this useless thing away. China's Chiang Kai-shek went to Taiwan Province Province, and Chiang Kai-shek was like a potato skin, a useless thing, so we threw him and Taiwan Province Province into the Pacific Ocean. Liu Yalou immediately corrected: Comrade General Secretary, you said that Chiang Kai-shek was a potato skin, and useless things should be thrown away. I have no problem, but Taiwan Province Province is not potato skin, it is an inseparable part of People's Republic of China (PRC). How can you throw it away? Khrushchev said tactfully after "Oh": Maybe my metaphor is not appropriate enough. Khrushchev was a little angry when he saw Liu Yalou refute him in public: Of course, People's Republic of China (PRC) is the heart of potatoes and useful, so we set up an air force, and we are willing to help it. General Liu Yalou, commander of China Air Force, is here, and he knows it very well. In order to save face for the host, Liu Yalou said euphemistically: Comrade General Secretary, we have always been grateful for the help of the Soviet people. Since you also admit that Taiwan Province Province is a part of People's Republic of China (PRC), where are our differences? Khrushchev stepped down with dignity, took Liu Yalou's hand and said, Comrade Liu Yalou, don't get me wrong! At the thank-you banquet, the general's sincere words touched the commander of the Soviet Air Force, Russia, and it was freezing, but Liu Yalou's heart was burning. At the negotiation table round after round, he was methodical and calm. When preparing to draft the agreement, Zhong Ding, Vice Minister of Engineering of the Air Force, asked: Will the Soviet side propose to send consultants? Liu Yalou walked thoughtfully around the room several times, turned around and said, I think this is a very important issue, because the Soviet side can only control China's aviation industry by sending consultants. He instructed that a telegram for instructions should be sent to Zhou Enlai immediately. Zhou Enlai quickly called back: "We can send technicians, and we have the initiative to use them. We can't promise to send consultants. If they insist on sending consultants, we would rather not send MIG -2 1. You'll be back then. On the text of the agreement prepared in advance, Sudan wrote the words "sending experts to China" with ulterior motives. China was disgusted with the idea of "sending experts" because of the unreasonable withdrawal of Soviet experts working in China. Smart Liu Yalou suggested replacing the word "experts" in the draft agreement with "engineers and technicians". Admiral smirnoff, Minister of Aviation Industry of the Soviet Union, insisted that there is no essential difference between experts and engineers. Liu Yalou said softly: Since you have repeatedly said that there is no difference between the two words, why don't you agree to change them? Is there anything hard to hide? The representative of the Soviet Union said almost rudely: Why do you want to find fault? We don't want to change anyway. Liu Yalou said rudely, if that's the case, I will tell you seriously that I won't sign this agreement. Please report our opinions to Comrade Khrushchev. Unexpectedly, in the next day's negotiations, the Soviet side took the initiative to change all the words "experts" in the document to "engineers and technicians" at the request of the Chinese side. On March 30th, Liu Yalou signed the agreement. According to the contract, the Soviet Union will grant China the franchise to produce MiG -2 1 aircraft, without any conditions attached, but all technical assistance will be paid. In the evening, the delegation held a thank-you banquet at the Embassy of China in the Soviet Union, and invited the commander of the Soviet Air Force, Marshal Vershinin, and General smirnoff, Minister of Aviation Industry of the Soviet Union. Liu Yalou sincerely said that the Soviet Air Force had made great contributions in helping and cooperating with the China Air Force in the past and made important contributions to the growth of the China Air Force. When we look back on the past, we should always say from the heart: thank you, friendly troops! Commander-in-Chief of China Air Force did not forget the help of Soviet Air Force to China Air Force, which deeply touched Viersinning. After overcoming the technical difficulties of the Soviet Union, the delegation was generally happy after J-7 flew into the blue sky with its head held high, but Liu Yalou said: It depends on the future development of Sino-Soviet relations. If Sino-Soviet relations deteriorate, even if an agreement is reached now, it will only be a piece of kraft paper-it won't work! What he said was prescient. Five months after the agreement came into effect, the relevant Soviet departments successively delivered the technical data of MIG -2 1 to Shenyang Aircraft Factory, but the technicians consulted the Russian technical data catalogue and data I provided by the Soviet side and found that the Soviet side deliberately concealed some important technical data, especially some parts of the provided MIG -2 1 aircraft prototype could not be assembled at all ... After these unexpected but incomplete problems occurred, The State Council made a quick decision: the aircraft design and manufacturing department should have a comprehensive "technical understanding" of MIG -2 1 aircraft, so as to lay a solid foundation for the new fighter designed by itself. Fortunately, Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute and Qi Xin of Shenyang Aircraft Factory made a comprehensive "technical understanding" of MIG -2 1, successively solved the problems in 249 drawings provided by the Soviet Union, and sorted out 8 test technical documents owed by the Soviet Union. 1In March 1964, Shenyang Aircraft Factory started the trial production of MIG -2 1 in an all-round way, and it was successfully developed the following year. This is a brilliant turning point in the design and manufacture of fighter aircraft in China. It is the J-7 fighter that is still widely used by the Air Force. When MIG -2 1 was about to be developed,1May 1964, the Aviation Research Institute proposed to design a high-altitude high-speed fighter with better performance based on MIG -2 1, and its technical and tactical indicators were superior to those of the Soviet MIG -23. MiG -23 was the most advanced fighter in the world at that time. After learning this news, Liu Yalou gave great encouragement: the Air Force gave strong support and needed people to give things to others. When you succeed, I will raise a glass to celebrate your success! Regrettably, Liu Yalou died of liver cancer the following year. Four years later, China's first high-altitude high-speed fighter, the J-8, soared in the blue sky, behind which was an increasingly huge aviation industry system, which was also a spiritual comfort.