Guo Kang, the ancestor of the nine surnames of Zhaowu, is located near Samarkand today. In the Tang Dynasty, Kangju was once the governor's office, but the origin of its Chinese translation cannot be fully proved. Or think that Guo Kang is the comfortable residence of the Han Dynasty. Among the Huns, there is a Khan called Qiangqu, and its other departments are also called Qiangqu, which may be similar to Hu Jie. They are all Yue people before moving westward. Qiangqu is a different translation of Kangju, so Guo Kang is a part of Yue people. However, the relationship between Kangju and Sogdian is still an unresolved issue, and they are more like two intermediate stops on the way of Dayue's westward migration.

On the other hand, the word "Kang" is an abridged translation of the last syllable of "Samarkand", and its other translations are ","Samarkand ",and" Kang "means" country "(Zhang Yi's Notes on the Five Kingdoms of Tianzhu). In addition, there is also a saying that the origin of "Kan/Kang" is very old, which can be traced back to the Zoroastrian Bible "Avista" (Zhang Yichun's Notes on the Travels). The latter two theories are not necessarily contradictory. Guo Kang occupies the highest position among the nine surnames of Zhaowu, and its origin is relatively ancient and reasonable. Guo Kang, located in the east of Sogdian city-state, is the center of East Sogdian and the most common of the nine surnames of conference semifinals who came to China. The Sui and Tang Dynasties in the Northern Dynasties were an era of great ethnic integration. There is a saying: "The surname of the Millennium fox (Hu); The 500-year-old fox (Hu), surnamed Bai Kang ",shows that Kang is a typical surname of the Hu people in the western regions who have not been integrated for a long time.

Anguo, the center of the West Sogdians, is located near Bukhara today. It was a state of rest in the Tang Dynasty, and the origin of its Chinese translation should also be related to the rest in the Han Dynasty. Rest is the Chinese translation of the Persian Parthian Empire, which is derived from the name of its founder. The eastern border of rest has reached the West Sogdian area, so the "An" of Anguo in later generations should be the abbreviation of "Rest in Peace", and there seems to be no other better explanation. Both An surname and Kang surname came to China very early, which was recorded in the early Han and Wei Dynasties. At that time, most of them were powerful communicators of Buddhism, such as An Shigao and Kang Sengyuan. They are also ancestors who like to admit their names. In the Wuhu era, Hu people with surnames also appeared in Lushui Hu, indicating that "An" is also an inherent tribal name within the Yue family.

Cao Guo, at different times and records, was divided into Cao Dong, Cao Zhong and Cao Xi, roughly corresponding to Sutrushana/Ushrusana, Kaputana and Ishitikhan. It seems difficult to find the source of the Chinese translation of "Cao" from the antithesis of these Central Asian place names. However, according to the following statement, "Cao", like "history" and "Kang", probably originated from the name of the Yue nationality before the westward migration, and has nothing to do with the place names in the Sogdian region of Central Asia. Cao Shi, who can be identified as nine surnames at present, first appeared in the late Northern Dynasties. Why did they come to China with "Cao" as their Chinese translation surname? One possibility is that the name of the tribe is close to the pronunciation or meaning of "Cao", and the other possibility is that people of the same tribe take "Cao" as their surname in China, so they have traditionally taken the surname "Cao" in China.

Shi Guo, also known as Tongue, Shi Zhe, Chach, etc. , located in the northeast end of Sogdian region, near Tashkent today, was the governor's office of Dawan in the Tang Dynasty. After textual research by Chen Yinque, Edwin G. Edwin G. Pulleyblank and others, the origin of its Chinese translation has been basically clarified: "Shi" is translated into meaning, "Jie", "Zhe Analysis" and ""are transliteration, which were originally the names of various tribes within the Yue family. The Yue family moved westward, part of which was brought to Sogdian in Central Asia, and the other part flowed into Xiongnu.

Located in the southeast of Guo Kang, the United States was a state of Mi Nan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Middle Ages, Kang, An and Mi were almost exclusively owned by the nine surnames of Zhaowu, while An and Mi were particularly unique, because these two surnames did not exist before China and were the most obvious surnames of the Sogdians.

"Heguo" is the abbreviation of the first syllable of "Kushanika", which lies between Guo Kang and Anguo. It is a hub connecting the East and West Sogdians, and it is also translated as "Gui Shuang Cang", which was the Gui Shuang House in the Tang Dynasty. Because "He" is China's old surname, it's difficult to identify He Guo Hu people after they enter China.

Shiguo, translated as the sub-syllable abbreviation of "Casciana", is located at the southeast end of Sogdian area, and also translated as "Kish", which is the Casciana State in the Tang Dynasty. Shi is the older of the nine surnames of Zhaowu. Although its history of entering China is not as long as that of Kang, An and Shi, its reputation is quite prominent.

The rest are Muzhou (Mulu country, Mufu country and Mufu country, located at the southwest end of Sogdian region, now Mali region of Turkmenistan) and Bizhou (Wudi, Deforestation and Bitik, located in the west of Anguo, also known as Xi 'anzhou).

Some historians have also pointed out that the Tuholo language used by Yue (Tuholo people) who are not surnamed Yue belongs to the west branch of Indo-European language family, while the Sogdian language belongs to the east branch of Indo-European language family. It is also possible that the Yue family accepted the local language after moving westward, which is not uncommon.

Rewrite according to words such as Sinatran and Meilin Village.