I have been studying poetry books since I was a child, and I have a super memory. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, he was admitted to Yangzhou Middle School in Jiangsu Province. After graduation, he was admitted to the Mechanical Department of Jiaotong University and Central University. Due to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in that year, I went through all the hardships one year later and came to Chongqing Central University to study mechanical engineering. I graduated from 1942 with a bachelor's degree in engineering. After graduation, I worked as a technician in Kunming Central Machinery Factory for three years, which laid a good foundation for lifelong work and firmly established the style of integrating theory with practice. 1945, admitted to study in Britain at public expense. He first studied in NewallEngg.Co, a famous British machine tool manufacturing company, and Manchester University. The following year, he transferred to Queen Mary College, University of London to study for a doctorate. He has made outstanding research achievements in heat transfer, and was supported by DSIR research fund.
Studying in Britain for four years is an important period for Fang Chongzhi to improve his knowledge. Faced with first-class science and technology and rich books and materials, he dabbled in a large number of books with great hunger. He often uses his holidays to inspect and practice in many British companies. With the working experience in Kunming Central Machinery Factory before going to Britain, I made my own experimental equipment, successfully completed the doctoral thesis of "Mechanism of dropwiescontitation" and obtained the doctorate of 1949.
During my stay in Britain, influenced by British scholars, I have formed a rigorous scientific style, a down-to-earth work spirit and a teacher's morality of devoting myself to educating people. After returning home, I always use these spirits to treat my work and educate my students.
When he succeeded, it was the eve of the founding of New China. At the crossroads of his life, he got help from the progressive youth organization in China, London at that time. He first went to Hongkong, moved to Tianjin, and came to Beijing in September 1949. The reason why he wants to return to the motherland at this time is because he suffered from years of war in the old society since he was a child, and now he is finally going to be liberated. The country is in urgent need, and he can use the advanced science and technology of western countries to develop the national economy and strengthen his motherland. He deeply felt that the national cultural level was not high, the country was difficult to prosper and the nation was difficult to prosper, so he decided to devote himself to education and science. After getting to know Professor Li Youshan, a teacher of Central University, Fang Chongzhi was invited to be an associate professor in department of mechanical engineering, Peking University.
1952, China was transferred to the Department of Power Machinery in Tsinghua University as an associate professor. From 65438 to 0956, he began to train graduate students. 1962 promoted to professor. 198 1 China was named as the first doctoral supervisor and became the academic leader of automatic control theory and applied scientists in Tsinghua University. He has served as the director of Tsinghua University Steam Turbine and Automation Teaching and Research Section; Director of the teaching and research section of thermal measurement and automatic control; Director of the teaching and research section of industrial instrumentation and automation; Chairman of Tsinghua University Automatic Control Society, honorary chairman; Director of China Mechanical Engineering Society; Editorial Committee and consultant of acta automatica sinica; Deputy head of the editing and editing group of thermal instrumentation and automation textbooks in higher industrial schools, and deputy director of the editing and editing Committee of instrumentation textbooks in higher industrial schools. It has made positive contributions to the development of science education in China.
occupation
Founder of the discipline of "process control"
For decades, Fang Chongzhi has made great efforts to establish the discipline of process control and done a lot of work. In 1950s, there was still a lack of process control in universities in China. From 65438 to 0955, at the suggestion of Soviet experts, Tsinghua University established the automation specialty of thermal power plants. At that time, Professor Fang Chongzhi found that automatic control was an important factor to promote the development of electric power industry in the teaching and scientific research practice of steam turbines, so he resolutely obeyed the needs of work and set up a teaching and research section to undertake the teaching task of power plant automation specialty. This is the predecessor of the major of thermal measurement and automatic control established by 1960 in Tsinghua, and it is actually the first prototype of the major of process control in China.
He presided over the formulation of professional teaching plan and curriculum construction plan, defined the subject direction and described the basic outline of the subject system. 1February, 957, accompanied by teachers from brother colleges and technicians from design institutes, he taught "Automatic Adjustment System and Calculation" to students majoring in "Automation". During the period of 1958, he taught the automatic regulation of boiler equipment in power plant for the first national advanced automation class, and also taught many courses such as automatic regulation principle and automatic control system of thermal process, which trained a group of backbones engaged in process control research and teaching for many domestic universities. After returning to all parts of China, these academic backbones, together with relevant experts who returned to China one after another after the founding of the People's Republic of China, successively established various process control disciplines, and gradually formed the process control discipline in China.
In the process of forming domestic process control discipline. Fang Chongzhi has played an active leading role. In 1950s, the Party called for learning from the Soviet Union, absorbing the experience of Soviet higher education and reforming the old education system. He did not hesitate to respond to the call and actively studied Russian in order to better learn from the experience of the Soviet Union. However, based on the fact that Fang Chongzhi came into contact with Britain in his early years, he thought that while learning from the Soviet Union, he should not completely give up the possibility of learning from western countries. Therefore, in the late 1950s, he began to consciously pay attention to the technological development trend of western countries, and began to analyze and study the books and materials about process control in the west. He soon found that the instrument industry in the Soviet Union was relatively backward, and the industrial production equipment and technology were backward, so that the instrument automation equipment and technology level of various industrial departments obviously lagged behind the advanced western industrial countries. At the same time, I deeply feel that the professional setting of Soviet higher education is too professional and narrow. It doesn't meet the needs of China's economic construction. He thinks that many industrial departments have the same demand for instrument automation professionals. It is absolutely necessary and possible to broaden the professional scope. 1960, based on the above guiding ideology, he opened the major of thermal measurement and automatic control, and began to adopt the teaching materials about process control in western countries. All these have profoundly influenced the formation and development of process control specialty in many domestic universities. In the following decades, he insisted on the front line of process control research and teaching, taking the development of process control in China as his own responsibility. Of course, the formation and development of the process control discipline depends on the efforts of everyone, but Fang Chongzhi, as the main leader of this discipline, has played a very important role in both Tsinghua and China. This is one of the reasons why he is respected and loved by many domestic process control scholars.
In order to develop the process control discipline in China, Fang Chongzhi made unremitting exploration and put forward many new ideas and viewpoints, which expanded the extension and enriched the connotation of the process control discipline. The author has written papers and textbooks on process control based on classical control theory. By the end of 1970s, Fang Chongzhi transplanted the modern control theory based on state space description into process control in time, and opened the course of "Modern Control Theory" for teachers to improve their level. He actively carried out scientific research on system structure, modeling method, multivariable system design and process computer control, and advocated the research on nonlinear control, robust control, adaptive control, predictive control, fault-tolerant control, fuzzy control, expert system-based control and computer-based control. By 1980s, the advanced process control discipline based on modern control theory was gradually formed. In 1987, referring to foreign countries, Fang Chongzhi transplanted the concept of CIMS (Computerized Manufacturing System) into the development of process control discipline, and proposed that China should also carry out the research of computer integrated manufacturing system for continuous production process, organically integrate all the information needed by factory production activities with various decentralized automation systems, and form an intelligent production system with high quality, high efficiency and high flexibility, which can adapt to the uncertainty of production environment and the variability of market demand. This idea pushes process control to the height of comprehensive automation, which will have a far-reaching impact on the national economy.
During the establishment and development of process control discipline, Fang Chongzhi always thought that scientific research was the lifeline of discipline development. Since 1950s, he has personally led and presided over a number of scientific research work, such as the study of once-through boiler dynamic characteristics, power plant automation system, optimal control of fertilizer production process, gas four-remote system, modeling theory and method, rapid identification algorithm, furnace automatic control system, fault diagnosis theory and method, computer monitoring system of aromatic hydrocarbon combined plant, optimal control of distillation column, leak detection and prediction control, etc. Among them, the computer monitoring system of aromatic hydrocarbon combined device won the second prize of scientific and technological progress of petrochemical company. Many high-quality papers have been published in foreign magazines and conferences, which have been praised and valued by experts at home and abroad. The topics such as modeling and optimization of heating furnace, predictive reasoning control, identification and adaptive control of bilinear system have been funded by the doctoral program fund of the Education Commission.
Fang Chongzhi believes that the development of process control discipline, besides vigorously carrying out scientific research, the construction of teaching materials and laboratories can not be ignored. As early as 1962, he personally compiled professional textbooks such as Automatic Adjustment Principle and Thermal Process Automation. In the 1980s, he organized and compiled high-quality teaching materials such as Process Control, Process Identification and Process Computer Control, and translated the book Process Control System by the famous American process control expert Zinski into Chinese, which was recommended as a teaching reference book. The book "Process Control System" won the Excellent Book Award of Chemical Industry Press and was well received by domestic peers. The book Process Identification won the Tsinghua University Excellent Textbook Award, which has great influence in China. By peer praise, was recommended to participate in the selection of excellent books in China. A publishing house in Taiwan Province Province is also preparing to publish this book.
Fang Chongzhi attaches great importance to laboratory construction. As early as the 1960s, he clearly put forward the guiding ideology of "no laboratory level, no professional level". Under his influence, the laboratory became the center of teachers' activities. In the laboratory construction, he always designed and did it himself, and successively built more than a dozen experimental equipment, such as hydraulic simulation control system, heat exchanger simulation control system and long-distance pipeline simulation fault diagnosis device. These experimental equipments have played a great role in teaching and scientific research. After three generations of modification, the hydraulic simulation control system has won many teaching experiment awards. They have promoted the construction of similar professional laboratories in China.
Leader of "Automatic Control Theory and Application"
With the continuous development of science and technology, the research field of Fang Chongzhi is also expanding. He is not confined to a single process control discipline, but has provoked the heavy responsibility of the academic leader of the discipline of "Automatic Control Theory and Application". This subject covers the following five professional directions: control theory, control engineering, computer control and management of industrial process, computer integrated manufacturing system and control system simulation. There are master students, doctoral students and postdoctoral mobile stations in this discipline. 1988 was rated as the key discipline in China universities. He devoted a lot of efforts to the development direction of the discipline, formulated the development plan and trained the academic echelon, so that the academic level of the discipline has always been in the leading position in China, and all the work has achieved remarkable results. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period alone, he won four national prizes, two ministerial prizes 12, and three international prizes 13, with eight annual economic benefits exceeding one million yuan, four patents and 366 published papers. 199 1 year 1 month One of his doctoral students was awarded the honorary title of "Dr. China with Outstanding Contributions" in China.
Over the years, Fang Chongzhi's scientific research has been at the forefront of the international discipline, and has achieved fruitful results in fault diagnosis theory and method, process modeling and optimal control. Especially, in order to ensure the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the production process, in addition to good control of production, real-time monitoring of the production process is also required, so that faults in the production process can be found and handled in time. The resulting research direction of fault diagnosis and prediction has attracted Fang Chongzhi's special attention. In the early 1980s, we began to organize forces to explore the theory and methods of fault diagnosis, and in recent years, we have made many important research achievements, which are in a leading position in China. Correlation analysis method is used in the simulation experiment device of long-distance pipeline. The model residual analysis method is used to study the leakage and blockage of long-distance pipelines, and the results are equivalent to the international level. The preliminary test results on industrial pipelines prove that it has a good practical application prospect. In the aspect of fault diagnosis of large rotating machinery, a new fault diagnosis method based on vector projection is proposed, which realizes fault detection and separation by observing the projection of fault signal vector on the observation signal space. Compared with the traditional spectrum analysis method, it has higher sensitivity to fault detection, less calculation, and more importantly, it can detect in real time. In recent years, Fang Chongzhi has put forward a new fault diagnosis mode with artificial intelligence technology, which integrates fault diagnosis method based on mathematical model, fault pattern matching, fault diagnosis based on logical model, spatio-temporal analysis, logical filter and state observer, and realizes high-performance fault detection and diagnosis with the support of flexible blackboard structure.
He also made important contributions to the theory of fault diagnosis. The general structure of fault detection observer is deduced for the first time, which gets rid of the formal constraints of previous detection observers and prepares the necessary conditions for obtaining the maximum fault separation information. At the same time, the robust principle of fault separation is proposed, and then the robust observer is studied to realize fault separation. On this basis, on the one hand, the properties of detection observer and its solution are studied by using linear system theory, on the other hand, the reasoning process of fault separability, fault separation and diagnosis is studied by using the concepts of logic algebra and robustness vector. On the basis of these two aspects, the method of extracting the maximum fault separation information is derived, and a highly systematic fault diagnosis system design method is constructed. This fault diagnosis theory has published many papers in the world and won the appreciation of international fault diagnosis experts.