1, You Zuo (1053 ~ 1 123), born in Jianping Village, Masha Town, Jianyang, was a calligrapher and philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was enlightened at an early age. Cheng Yi looked at it and said that his capital was appropriate. Later, it was ordered to help the ditch and set up an urgent order to teach people to call the post to learn from the scriptures. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he was promoted to Jinshi, transferred to Xiao Shanwei and became a doctor. To support Heqing county. Fan Chunren awarded the contract to Henan, waiting to be a national scholar, so he had doubts about it.

2. Hu Anguo (1074- 1 138), also known as Hu Di, also known as Kanghou, Qingshan and posthumous title, was called Mr. Wu Yi by scholars and later called Hu Gong. Chong 'an (now Wuyishan City, Fujian Province) was a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zong Shaosheng lived for four years (1097), and Ding Chou was ranked third in Zhao Changbang. As a doctor of imperial academy, he studied in Hunan and then moved to Nanyue, Hengyang. Advocate self-cultivation for learning, advocate practical application, emphasize enlightenment, stress honor, despise wealth and hate evil.

3. Xie (1050 ~ 1 103) Mr. Shang Cai or Xie Shangcai, a native of Shangcai, was an official scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. He studied under Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, You Zuo, Lu Dalin and Shi Yang, and was called Mr. Cheng Mensi.

4. Shi Yang (1053— 1 135) is neutral and named Guishan. A native of Huayin, Hongnong (now Huayin East, Shaanxi Province), a member of Longchi Formation in Xiqiao Prefecture, Nanjian (now long hu cun, Mingxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province). Philosophers, writers and officials in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Xining was a scholar in nine years, a magistrate in Liuyang, Yuhang and Xiaoshan, a professor in Jingzhou, an assistant minister in the Ministry of Industry, and a straight bachelor in Longtuge. He studied under Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi successively, and was called four disciples with You Zuo, Lu Dalin and Xie. Together with Luocong Cave and Dong Li, they are also called "Mr. Nan Jiansan". In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Kameyama, and scholars called him Mr. Kameyama.

Extended data

Writing process

The combination of these four books began with Zhu's Notes on the Four Books. In the ranking order, Daxue ranked first, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius ranked second, and The Doctrine of the Mean ranked last. His original intention is that people should read "university" first to determine its scale; Read the Analects of Confucius for the second time to establish its foundation; Read Mencius for the second time to see its development; For the subtleties of the ancients, read The Mean.

"University" is regarded by Zhu as the scale of self-cultivation and the outline of learning. He said: "Read the University first and set up its program. Other classics are miscellaneous. After getting through the "University", I can see that this is Governor Wu Ge. This is a sincere thing. This is a matter of self-cultivation. This is a matter of managing the family, governing the country and leveling the world. "

As for The Doctrine of the Mean, Zhu regarded it as a classic taught by Confucius' mind method, and quoted Cheng Yi as saying: "This book has a truth at the beginning, a truth in the middle, and a truth at the end.

Let it go, it is connected with everything, and it is so mysterious to bring it back. "It is not difficult to see that Zhu regarded the Great Learning as the program of Neo-Confucianism and the Doctrine of the Mean as the essence of Neo-Confucianism.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Notes on Four Books and Four Chapters

Baidu Encyclopedia-Shi Yang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Xie

Baidu Encyclopedia-Hu Anguo

Baidu encyclopedia-Youzuo