Introduce ancient classical Chinese

1. Kneel to introduce the classical Chinese of ancient celebrities. liu zongyuan

Thick son, taboo ZongYuan. Seven ancestors celebrated, served as Tuoba Weifu, and sealed Yin Gong. Zeng Bozu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended the marquis of Wu with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan and died during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Huang Ji took an examination of the town, abandoned Dr. Taichang, and sought to be the magistrate of Jiangnan County. Later, I couldn't flatter the powerful and lost my empire. The death of dignitaries as their agents is a return to worship the imperial history. No. He is upright and upright, and he is a contemporary celebrity.

Zi Hou's name is Zongyuan. Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked as a servant in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was made Duke of Yin Ji. Gao Bozu Liu, a former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended Wu Zetian with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan, and was executed during the years. Father's name is Jin Ryu. In order to serve his mother, he gave up his position as a doctor in Taichang and asked to be a county magistrate in Jiangnan. Later, because he refused to flatter the powerful, he lost his empire. It was not until the powerful man died that he was appointed as a consultant. People say that he is resolute and upright, and he associates with celebrities at that time.

② Li He

Li He, with a long word, is the Empress Zheng. At the age of seven, Han Yu and Huang Fushi were able to resign, but they didn't believe it when they first heard it. When I passed by their house, I made a poem of He Fu, with a simple pen. Since they saw Gao Xuan, they were frightened and naturally became famous. He is slim, with eyebrows, long fingers and claws, and reads quickly. Do it at sunrise every day, ride a weak horse, learn from slaves since childhood, carry ancient tips, and throw books into your bag when you meet income. Set a topic before the course begins, and then write a poem, and others will guide the course. And returning at dusk is enough. If you are not drunk, it is not very cost-effective to lose your day. Mother and servant looked into the bag and saw many books. They were angry and said, "It's my ears that spit!" " "

Li He, a descendant of Emperor Li Liang of the Tang Dynasty, could write a good poem at the age of seven. Han Yu and Huang Fushi didn't believe it when they first heard about it, so they went to his house and asked him to write a poem. It seems that it was conceived in advance, and he named himself Guo. They were surprised that Li He became famous from then on.

Li He is slim, with two eyebrows and slender fingers, and writes like the wind. Go out every morning, ride a thin horse, follow a small follower, and carry an ancient kit. Whenever there is a good work, write it down and put it in the toolkit.

Li didn't think of a topic before he wrote a poem, just like going to participate in someone else's task. Go home at night and accumulate. As long as it's not a special day like drunkenness or mourning, he does it every day, and it won't matter much after it. The mother showed the maid his kit, and when she saw that he had written a lot of poems, she said angrily, "This child won't stop until he spits."

(3) Meng Haoran

Meng Haoran, whose real name is Haoran, is from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou. People who are less kind and righteous and willing to inspire trouble are hidden in Lumeng Mountain. At the age of forty, I went to the capital. After tasting the poems written by imperial academy, I was at a loss and didn't dare to resist. Zhang Jiuling and Wang Weiya praised. Wei privately invited him into the office, went to Xuanzong and hid under the bed. Wei was honest with him. Emperor Xi said, "I have heard of him, but I have never seen him. Why can't you hide? " Hao Haoran came out. When the emperor asked about his poems, Haoran bowed again and recited what he had done. At the end of the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", the emperor said: "Your Majesty did not ask for an official position, but I never abandoned your Majesty. How can you falsely accuse me? " Due to release. The interview asked Han Chaozong to invite Haoran to Beijing to recommend the dynasty. When old friends meet, they enjoy playing wine, or say, "Jun and Han Palace have regular meetings." Haoran said angrily, "I have already drunk, and I pity him!" " The pawn is not going. Chao Zong said goodbye angrily, and Ran Hao did not regret it. Zhang Jiuling is Jingzhou, which is located in the mansion. At the end of Kaiyuan, he died of gangrene.

Meng Haoran was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei). As a teenager, he advocated integrity and loyalty, liked to help people in trouble, and lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. At the age of forty, I was studying in the capital. Once in imperial academy (the highest institution of learning in the imperial court), all the people in the hall sighed and admired him, and no one dared to compare with him. Both Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei admire him. Wang Wei invited him into the internal department (Wang Wei's office) privately. After a while, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came and Meng Haoran hid under the bed. Wang Wei told Tang Xuanzong the truth. The emperor said happily, "I have heard of this man, but I have never seen him." What are you afraid of hiding? " Order Meng Haoran to come out. Tang Xuanzong asked about his poems, and Meng Haoran saluted and recited his own poems. When he heard the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", the emperor said, "You don't want to be an official, I didn't abandon you. Why did you set me up? " So let Meng Haoran go back. Interviewer (official name) Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Beijing with him, with the intention of recommendation from the imperial court. It happened that Meng Haoran had an old friend at home who was very happy to drink. Someone said, "You have an agreement with Mr. Han." Meng Haoran rebuked him and said, "I've been drinking and I don't have time to take care of him!" " "I didn't go to the appointment at last. Han Chaozong was furious and came to say goodbye, but Meng Haoran still didn't go back on his word. Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou and recruited into the shogunate, which was later revoked. At the end of Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), Meng Haoran died of back sores.

2. Kneel to introduce the classical Chinese of ancient celebrities. 1. Liu Zongyuan is shy.

Seven ancestors celebrated, served as Tuoba Weifu, and sealed Yin Gong. Zeng Bozu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended the marquis of Wu with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan and died during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

Huang Ji took an examination of the town, abandoned Dr. Taichang, and sought to be the magistrate of Jiangnan County. Later, I couldn't flatter the powerful and lost my empire.

The death of dignitaries as their agents is a return to worship the imperial history. No. He is upright and upright, and he is a contemporary celebrity.

Zi Hou's name is Zongyuan. Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked as a servant in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was made Duke of Yin Ji.

Gao Bozu Liu, a former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended Wu Zetian with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan, and was executed during the years. Father's name is Jin Ryu. In order to serve his mother, he gave up his position as a doctor in Taichang and asked to be a county magistrate in Jiangnan.

Later, because he refused to flatter the powerful, he lost his empire. It was not until the powerful man died that he was appointed as a consultant.

People say that he is resolute and upright, and he associates with celebrities at that time. (2) Li his word Longji, department of zheng queen.

At the age of seven, Han Yu and Huang Fushi were able to resign, but they didn't believe it when they first heard it. When I passed by their house, I made a poem of He Fu, with a simple pen. Since they saw Gao Xuan, they were frightened and naturally became famous. He is slim, with eyebrows, long fingers and claws, and reads quickly.

Do it at sunrise every day, ride a weak horse, learn from slaves since childhood, carry ancient tips, and throw books into your bag when you meet income. Set a topic before the course begins, and then write a poem, and others will guide the course.

And returning at dusk is enough. If you are not drunk, it is not very cost-effective to lose your day.

Mother and servant looked into the bag and saw many books. They were angry and said, "It's my ears that spit!" " Li He, a descendant of Emperor Li Liang of the Tang Dynasty, could write a good poem at the age of seven. Han Yu and Huang Fushi didn't believe it when they first heard about it, so they went to his house and asked him to write a poem. It seems that it was conceived in advance, and he named himself Guo. They were surprised that Li He became famous from then on. Li He is slim, with two eyebrows and slender fingers, and writes like the wind.

Go out every morning, ride a thin horse, follow a small follower, and carry an ancient kit. Whenever there is a good work, write it down and put it in the toolkit. Li didn't think of a topic before he wrote a poem, just like going to participate in someone else's task.

Go home at night and accumulate. As long as it's not a special day like drunkenness or mourning, he does it every day, and it won't matter much after it.

Mother showed the maid his kit, and when she saw that he had written many poems, she said angrily, "This child won't stop until he spits." Meng Haoran, whose name is Haoran, is from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou. People who are less kind and righteous and willing to inspire trouble are hidden in Lumeng Mountain.

At the age of forty, I went to the capital. After tasting the poems written by imperial academy, I was at a loss and didn't dare to resist.

Zhang Jiuling and Wang Weiya praised. Wei privately invited him into the office, went to Xuanzong and hid under the bed. Wei was honest with him. Emperor Xi said, "I have heard of him, but I have never seen him. Why can't you hide? " Hao Haoran came out.

When the emperor asked about his poems, Haoran bowed again and recited what he had done. At the end of the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", the emperor said: "Your Majesty did not ask for an official position, but I never abandoned your Majesty. How can you falsely accuse me? " Due to release. The interview asked Han Chaozong to invite Haoran to Beijing to recommend the dynasty.

When old friends meet, they enjoy playing wine, or say, "Jun and Han Palace have regular meetings." Haoran said angrily, "I have already drunk, and I pity him!" " The pawn is not going.

Chao Zong said goodbye angrily, and Ran Hao did not regret it. Zhang Jiuling is Jingzhou, which is located in the mansion.

At the end of Kaiyuan, he died of gangrene. Meng Haoran was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei).

As a teenager, he advocated integrity and loyalty, liked to help people in trouble, and lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. At the age of forty, I was studying in the capital.

Once in imperial academy (the highest institution of learning in the imperial court), all the people in the hall sighed and admired him, and no one dared to compare with him. Both Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei admire him.

Wang Wei invited him into the internal department (Wang Wei's office) privately. After a while, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came and Meng Haoran hid under the bed. Wang Wei told Tang Xuanzong the truth. The emperor said happily, "I have heard of this man, but I have never seen him." What are you afraid of hiding? " Order Meng Haoran to come out. Tang Xuanzong asked about his poems, and Meng Haoran saluted and recited his own poems. When he heard the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", the emperor said, "You don't want to be an official, I didn't abandon you. Why did you set me up? " So let Meng Haoran go back.

Interviewer (official name) Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Beijing with him, with the intention of recommendation from the imperial court. It happened that Meng Haoran had an old friend at home who was very happy to drink. Someone said, "You have an agreement with Mr. Han."

Meng Haoran reprimanded him and said, "I've been drinking and I don't have time to take care of him!" " "I didn't go to the appointment at last. Han Chaozong was furious and came to say goodbye, but Meng Haoran still didn't go back on his word.

Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou and recruited into the shogunate, which was later revoked. At the end of Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), Meng Haoran died of back sores.

3. What are the types of answers in ancient classical Chinese?

Common literary genres in ancient times and their brief introduction;

(1) Fu: A style in ancient China, which emphasizes literary grace and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose.

② Parallel Prose: Originated from Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

③ Theory: The floorboard of a kind of ancient articles. Such as: the teacher said, the horse said, the snake catcher said and so on.

④ Theory: an essay style. Such as: on Qin, on six countries and so on.

⑤ Memorial: The general name of the memorial presented by ancient ministers to the emperor. It also includes: beating, discussing, sparse, table, etc.

6 Preface and Postscript: Preface is also called "Preface" or "Introduction", which is usually in front of the book. The postscript is just the opposite.

⑦ Preface: Stylistic name. In ancient times, farewell was in poetry.

⑧ Inscription: Ancient words engraved on articles to warn themselves or state merits.

9. Memorial: An article read when paying homage to the deceased or the mountains and rivers, such as "Sacrificing Sister".

Attending legend: one of the novel genres.

I hope my answer is helpful to you!

4. Classical Chinese about the ancients (self-edited) Qingcheng Fu Xie Wei Meng

I tasted Qingcheng, the capital of Shu, and it was wonderful. Its mountains are full of gloom; Its water springs, clear pool, water; Its wood is dark and dark; Its rocks are weird. I was fascinated by it. I vowed to have a look and be quick.

It's an auspicious day in late autumn, a good day to write about it, and a good day to climb Mount Qingcheng. The guests are all poets, and there is an endless stream. There is no end to helping your wife and daughter. When I first arrived at the foothills, pines and cypresses fluttered in the wind. There are open currents and undercurrents, and the gas field is dense. There is no waves of the sea, there is a joyful song. The mountain shadow is light, the breeze is clear, the running water flies, and the glow reflects the bluestone.

As for boating in the lake, the fog and smoke ridges are like fairy gas in your arms, cleaning up the viscera. Clear water everywhere washes away the normal heart. The lake is flat and lonely. Surrounded by ripples, Gu Ying has company. Stay in the world and forget the noise.

Then boarded the Qing Palace by car, which was a big step for Lifu. The incense is flourishing and smoky, as if it were a lifetime ago. When the Eight Immortals crossed the sea, they all showed their magical power. Mr. Green Cow, a crane bone and a fairy wind. The fairy Yue Yue is in the building, and the jade girl looks down through the window. If my husband swims in the vast land, he is outside the cloud nine and wants to be a fairy. The drums at dusk suddenly sounded and returned to the world. Hey! Wonderful!

It is unforgettable to return to Mu Yan at night. This is a good perspective for tourism and entertainment for eyes and ears. Stay in its environment, taste its spirit, observe its scenery and realize its wonders. I don't know what to say!

5. Please introduce more ancient knowledge, classical Chinese knowledge, ancient red tape and ancient etiquette:

China banquet is an inseparable part of Chinese food civilization. Feast is not only a material form, but also a spiritual form. The ancients said, "The ceremony begins with the ceremony, and the diet begins." "It is impolite to hold a banquet to entertain guests." Banquet is connected with ceremony, and banquet is connected with emotion, which is true at all times and in all countries. Banquet has the characteristics of gathering, standardization, sociality and etiquette, which determines that it is indispensable in ancient times, in modern times and in the future. Because eating is the starting point and ultimate destination of human beings. Eating and drinking at a banquet is different from eating and drinking in a daily diet. Eating and drinking in a banquet is a form of emotion, ceremony, appearance, pleasure, fun and enjoyment, and it is also a means for human beings to pursue the beauty of drinking.

Nothing is ancient except today. In today's society, people hold and participate in various banquets as one of the social means to exchange information, give up their wishes and thank their friends. It is different from daily dining and has certain etiquette rules. However, impolite behavior is often seen at various banquets.

However, in the banquet activities in ancient China, there were various etiquette norms, which formed a set of catering etiquette. Ancient people invited guests, the general procedure is: confirm the banquet, the host sent an invitation, the car greeted them, and waited at the door. When the guests come to meet you, please sit in the hall, offer tea and cigarettes, and be accompanied. After a short rest, guide the guests to their seats and give up their seats to each other. Even if it is a family dinner before the banquet, parents should say a few words, which is equivalent to a speech.

Dinner is served, first cold and then hot, first big and then ordinary, with snacks in the middle, and finally on the fruit plate. Every time a dish is served, the host will raise a glass and give a chopstick to persuade him to eat. No matter the host or the guest, we should follow this etiquette, which is what is said in the Book of Rites Quli:

"Don't eat with players", that is, when eating with others, check the cleanliness of your hands and wash your hands before eating;

"Don't slap the rice", don't rub the rice into a rice ball, and then devour it, which is suspected of competing for food;

"No rice", don't put the rice in your hand back on the plate and bowl, so as not to give people the feeling of impurity;

"No flow", don't drink all over your mouth, giving people greedy eyes;

"Don't eat", don't slurp and make noise when eating;

"Don't chew bones", don't chew bones excessively, giving people an indecent impression;

Don't put the bitten fish back on the plate and bowl, but eat it to show hygiene. Take less when you eat, and take less if it is not enough.

"Don't throw dog bones", don't throw meat bones to dogs, lest the host mistakenly think that his banquet is only served with dog food;

"don't take anything", don't pick the kind of food you like, it will be selfish;

"Don't lift the rice", don't lift the hot rice just because you want to eat faster, so as to dissipate heat, which makes you impatient;

"Don't use chopsticks to eat small rice", use a special spoon to avoid giving people the feeling of eating;

"Don't lick the soup", don't gulp down the soup, and eat the soup with vegetables with chopsticks;

"Don't pour soup", guests should not mix soup in front of the host, as if their cooking is better than the host;

"Don't pick your teeth", don't pick your teeth in public, it looks unsightly, wait until after dinner;

"Don't drink sauce" makes people feel that you have never seen the world.

"The guest can't enjoy the soup, and the host can't enjoy the soup." If a guest is mixing soup, the host will apologize for his poor cooking. Please forgive me.

"If the guest drinks the sauce, the host will apologize and say that the food is boring." ：

"Bite meat with your teeth, not dried meat", cooked meat can be bitten off with your teeth, dried meat should not be bitten with your teeth, and you must share it with your hands or knives.

"Don't stir-fry", eat mutton skewers and large pieces of barbecue, don't swallow them all at once, it will fill your mouth and be wolfed down;

"Not enough to eat" means eating with others, not overeating, and paying attention to civility and humility;

"If you eat, the guest kneels from the front. If you withdraw the meal, the host will be happy, leave the guest, and then the guest will sit down." After eating, the guests should get up and clean up the dishes with pickles on the table and give them to the servants next to them. The host will get up and ask the guests not to clean up, then the guests will sit down and so on.

The above is a set of food etiquette in ancient China, which has a great influence on the food culture of the Chinese nation in later generations. The purpose of this complicated etiquette is to require people to have the moral character of "respecting each other", so as to ensure courtesy, respect and order, and realize the dining style of "paying attention to courtesy and treating each other equally". From a modern point of view, although the purpose of this set of red tape is feudal, some civilized factors still have reference value for us today.

Modern social etiquette forms are becoming more and more simple and practical. With the development of society, interpersonal relationships are more and more equal, the pace of life is accelerated, and table civilization is paid more and more attention. People regard eating as one of the criteria for judging whether they are educated or not. Banquet etiquette, although there was no red tape in ancient society, there were still some ritual procedures. As the saying goes, "many people don't blame you for being polite." If you show high manners in gestures, dining images and speeches at banquets, it will help to shape your public image, gain the respect of others, promote the development of your career and help you succeed socially.

6. Characteristics of Ancient Classical Chinese Classical Chinese is the ancient written language of China, mainly including the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. The first "Wen" means beauty. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.

First, the separation of language and writing. Linguistic research holds that written language is produced and developed on the basis of spoken language, and they influence and promote each other and have a very close relationship. Classical Chinese was formed on the basis of pre-Qin oral English, but with the passage of time, it gradually widened the distance from later oral English. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the official implementation and the need of imperial examinations, scholars deliberately imitated the language of the "Four Books and Five Classics" to write poems and articles, focusing on elegance and integrity. In this way, the distance between classical Chinese as a written language and the language actually used by people is getting bigger and bigger, resulting in the phenomenon of separation of language and text.

Second, it lasts for a long time. Until the May 4th Movement, classical Chinese, as the dominant written language, was handed down from generation to generation, and its language components remained basically unchanged. For example, the usage of some basic sentence patterns and commonly used function words in the pre-Qin period has been preserved in classical Chinese, and even the most active words in the three elements of language have strong stability in classical Chinese: the ancient meanings of some words have long disappeared in spoken English, but they can still be used in classical Chinese. Although later generations will inevitably mix some spoken language at that time in imitation, which will bring some subtle changes to classical Chinese, on the whole, classical Chinese has basically maintained its original appearance in vocabulary system and grammar system.

Third, the writing is concise. Most of China's important ancient books are written in classical Chinese, and many immortal works have always been known for their conciseness. It can be said that classical Chinese itself contains concise factors: first, classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, with few disyllabic words and disyllabic words; Second, classical Chinese is often omitted, and it is very common to omit subjects, objects, predicates and prepositions. In addition, the famous writers of past dynasties paid more attention to the tempering of language and emphasized "the great meaning of small words", thus forming the style of classical Chinese.

Fourth, the ancient Olympic Games were difficult to understand. Due to the age, it is more and more difficult to understand classical Chinese without spoken English. Crooked sentences, uncommon ancient characters, and many strange names and regulations … all these have become elusive "myths" in the eyes of beginners. Therefore, annotating ancient books and solving difficult problems has always been one of the tasks pursued by scholars.

(A) the characteristics of the classical Chinese ellipsis sentence pattern: the ellipsis of the subject inherits the previous subject, and echoes the ellipsis behind, and the subject is often omitted in the dialogue.

(2) The characteristics of inverted sentences in classical Chinese: the subject and predicate are inverted prepositions, the object and the attributive prepositions are used as adverbials.

(3) Characteristics of passive sentences in classical Chinese: one is marked passive sentences, which are expressed by some passive verbs, and the other is unmarked passive sentences, also called ideational passive sentences. Marked passive sentences generally have the following forms: the preposition "Yu" is used after the verb to indicate passivity, and "Yu" plays the role of guiding the initiative. For example, "So, I was confused by Zheng Xiu internally and bullied by Zhang Yi externally." (Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records) The actions of "confusing" and "bullying" here are what Zhang Yi did after "Yu". Sometimes "shou" is added to the preposition "Yu" or a verb to form the form of "shou ... Yu ..." which is passive.

(D) Characteristics of sentence patterns in classical Chinese: basically, the judgment word/"yes/"is not used, but nouns or noun phrases are often used as predicates to judge the subject, and the sentence pattern is: "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Introduce several ancient classic essays, Li Si, Qin, The Book of Departure.

Jia Yi on Guo Qin in the Western Han Dynasty.

Qu Yuan, Warring States Chu, Li Sao

Cao Zhi, Three Kingdoms Wei, White Horse.

Liu Yiqing, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shi Shuo Xin Yu.

Jiang Yan, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Biefu

Tao Yuanming, Eastern Jin Dynasty, "Gui Xi Ci"

Ouyang Xiu, Song, Zuiwengting.

Su Shi, Song Dynasty, Qianchibi Fu

Su Shi, Song Dynasty, Hou Chibi Fu

Su Shi and Song's "Hurricane Fu"

Yang Xiong, Western Han Dynasty, Ganquan Fu