The origin of Zheng Chenggong's name:
163 1 year, Zheng Chenggong went to China with his mother and brother. At that time, the Ming dynasty was dying. Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide on 1644. The imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty immediately established the Axe King in Nanjing and became the emperor of Hong Guang. However, the Nanjing regime supported by Zheng Zhilong could not resist the offensive of the Qing army, and only lasted for one year before it died. 1645, Zheng was established as Emperor Longwu in Fuzhou the following year. At this time, 2 1 year-old Zheng Sen went to visit Longdi, and Longdi said, "I'm sorry I don't have a wife for you. Don't forget me, be loyal. " He also gave Zhu the surname of the Ming Dynasty and changed his name to Success, which is the origin of Ye He.
Zheng Chenggong's Great Cause of Anti-Qing Dynasty and Restoration of Ming Dynasty;
1in August 646, the Qing army took advantage of the situation to go south, surrounded Fujian, captured Emperor Long alive, and urged Zheng Zhilong to surrender on the condition that he was given an official position. In the same year 1 1 month, Zheng Zhilong ignored Zheng Chenggong's opposition and agreed to surrender. However, the Qing Dynasty betrayed Zheng Zhilong and sent him to Beijing for imprisonment, while his wife Tian was humiliated by the Qing army and committed suicide. Knowing this bad news, Zheng Chenggong burned Confucian scarves and clothes symbolizing the scholar-officials in front of the Confucius Temple, and vowed: "From now on, I am determined not to be a scholar, but to be a soldier and avenge my country and my father." After learning of the death of Emperor Longwu, Wang Gui, who fled to Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, ascended the throne on 1647 and changed his country name to "Li Yong". Li Yong, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was chased around by the Qing army. 1653, Zheng Chenggong was named "King of Yanping County" and died in 166 1 year. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong and his gang continued to worship the "perpetual calendar" of the Ming Dynasty, saying that they did not recognize the Manchu and were determined to "fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty". Later, Zheng Chenggong overthrew the Dutch rule over Taiwan Province Province and moved the capital to Taiwan Province Province, which was a plan to revive the Ming Dynasty. As a result, it brought new changes to Taiwan Province Province.
Zheng Chenggong advanced to Taiwan Province Province;
Zheng successfully fought all over the country, but in vain, and was finally forced to fall into the dilemma of sticking to Fujian Xiamen Gold in 166 1. At this time, the Dutch in Taiwan Province Province and the East India Company took over He Bin, fled to Xiamen to avoid debts, told Zheng Chenggong about the land in Taiwan Province Province, persuaded him to attack, and presented a map of Shanghai. Zheng Chenggong entrusted the garrison of Kinmen and Xiamen to Chang Xiong Zheng Jing, and personally led more than 400 warships and 25,000 elite soldiers with He Bin as the guide. In April of the same year, it occupied Penghu Island first and then Taiwan Province Province. Immigrants from Taiwan Province province who were dissatisfied with the Dutch, especially those from Taiwan Province province who were even more dissatisfied after the Guo Huaiyi incident, welcomed Zheng Chenggong's army. Zheng Chenggong retreated to the castle facing the strait and attacked the weak "civilians to cover the city", which was easy to succeed. Zheng Jun further surrounded the city of Gilan, so the Dutch kept the city in a cage and waited for Batavia's reinforcements. On the one hand, the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province turned to Batavia for help, on the other hand, he turned to the aborigines for help. But the reinforcements sent by Batavia missed the opportunity, and the indigenous support was destroyed before it arrived. As a result, the Netherlands surrendered to Zheng Chenggong in February 1662 and retreated to Batavia. The 38-year rule of the Dutch in Taiwan Province Province ended.
Zheng Chenggong manages Taiwan Province Province;
Zheng immediately set out to divide administrative regions after the success of the occupation of "people blocking the city" in Chila. First of all, the whole island of Taiwan Province Province was renamed as the "East Capital", and the destroyed area around Chatterland was named Anping Town. Chiqian and its surrounding areas, that is, today's Tainan City, are called Chengtianfu, with Tianxing County in the north and Wannian County in the south. Penghu Island has an appeasement department to complete the administrative planning of one government, two counties and one appeasement department. And personally led the army to explore indigenous tribes to show repression. The eastern part of Zheng Chenggong was the revival base of the Ming Dynasty. He did not arrogate the title of emperor, but stayed in the position of "vassal". At the end of Dutch rule, the population of Taiwan Province Province included aborigines and immigrants, with a total of more than100000, of which immigrants were estimated to exceed 20000. Zheng Chenggong's army and their families number about 30,000, which can be said to be the initial collective immigrants from China to Taiwan Province Province. Due to the rapid growth of population, ensuring food has become an urgent task. Zheng Chenggong's countermeasure was to confiscate the "Wang Tian" owned by the Dutch United East India Company and transfer it to the "official land" owned by the new regime. In addition, the civil and military officials of Chengtianfu, Anping Town, Tianxing County and Wannian County distributed the necessary land according to the number of their families, which was called "private land" or "civil and military official land". As for the troops stationed in various places, they will recover the land without infringing on the land owned by aborigines and immigrants, which is called "Yingpantian". As a result, the agricultural land development centered on the south has expanded in one fell swoop, especially as many as 40 large-scale "Yingpan fields", which has caused a sharp increase in grain output. The development of these agricultural lands and the degree of land have attracted people's attention because of the opening of the private land system in Taiwan Province Province. As a result, the Zheng family extended from the previous maritime forces and now has land forces.
The death of Zheng Chenggong:
Less than a year after his arrival in Taiwan Province Province,1May 662, 39-year-old Zheng Chenggong ended his tortuous career. After his death, the immigrants worshipped him as the "king of the mountains" and established the "Mountain Temple" in Tainan, praising his achievements in driving out the Dutch and opening up Taiwan Province Province. In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Jian Temple was named "King Temple of Yanping County" in 1874. The main hall is dedicated, and the back hall is dedicated to its mother field. When the Japanese ruled Taiwan Province Province, they changed the "King Temple of Yanping County" to "Mountain-opening Shrine", which deified Zheng Chenggong.
After learning of Zheng Chenggong's death, Zheng Jing in Xiamen immediately rushed to Taiwan Province. Zheng Jing returned to Xiamen after completing the arrangement of succession in Taiwan Province Province, but was jointly attacked by the Qing Dynasty and the Netherlands. 1664 1 month, he led about 7,000 soldiers and their families to move to Taiwan Province. This is the great retreat of China's anti-Qing and regaining sight forces represented by Zheng.
Managing the descendants of Zheng Chenggong:
After Zheng Jing moved to Taiwan, the east was changed to "Dongning" first, and the original two counties were changed to Tianxing Prefecture and Wannian Prefecture. In addition to Penghu Island, there are also appeasement places on North Road and South Road. Moreover, Chengtianfu is divided into four squares [streets] and twenty-four miles, and the administrative areas are re-divided. Under the "square inch system", the household registration system began to be sorted out and became an important foundation of the "Baojia system". However, Zheng Jing, like his father, died in 168 1 at the age of 39. During his nineteen years in China, he struggled for the war and was too busy to attend to government affairs. Therefore, Chen Yonghua was appointed to almost all government affairs, which was an important official since Zheng Chenggong.
He made the greatest contribution to the administration of Taiwan by Zheng regime. With the development of agricultural land, he established the land system, household registration system, and set up administrative institutions and systems, thus laying the foundation of Zheng regime. He also actively carried out residents' education to cultivate talents and promote overseas trade to ensure financial resources. As the hero behind Zheng Chenggong's "making king of the hill", Chen Yonghua's achievements were almost buried. However, although his contribution was great, the national policy of opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight at the same time turned into demanding repression, which made the residents of Taiwan Province Province miserable.
The Influence of Zheng's Development of Taiwan Province;
After the Zheng family moved to Taiwan Province Province, the Qing government immediately imposed a blockade on Taiwan Province Province, that is, the so-called policy of "moving the border" and "banning the sea". Moving to the border is to move residents of five southeast coastal provinces, such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong, from the coast to the inland for 30 miles (576 meters in one mile in Qing Dynasty). People are not allowed to live or farm, or even to enter. Maritime prohibition is a rule that prohibits fishing boats or merchant ships from entering and leaving the port. However, this blockade policy made smuggling to China rampant and promoted the development of maritime trade in Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Province has become a stronghold of smuggling trade with China, and its trade interests have greatly increased. Moreover, residents in coastal areas of China, especially Fujian and Guangdong, who suffered from the blockade policy, have moved to Taiwan Province to settle down, which has become the reason for the rapid increase of Taiwanese population. With the increase of population, the development of Taiwan Province Province has gradually made progress. Danshui, Keelung in the north, a part of Taipei today, and the west side of the central mountains such as Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Dajia, Miaosu, Lugang, Changhua, Beigang, Douliu, Chiayi, Xinying, Zuo Ying, Fengshan, Kaohsiung and Hengchun have all been developed one by one, and the cultivated land area has also been greatly expanded. The remarkable increase in grain output not only made Taiwan Province residents self-sufficient in grain, but also ensured that the Zheng regime had enough grain in the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the development, on the other hand, the Zheng regime spared no effort to raise money and collect taxes from Taiwan Province residents, which was even more cruel than the Dutch rule. Zheng regime not only inherited the poll tax in the Netherlands, but also set up a family house tax equivalent to the fixed property tax, even taxing pigsty and chicken coop. Taxes were levied on various industries at that time, such as the manufacturing tax on beef noodles, the transportation tax on sugar cane transported by trolleys, the salt manufacturing tax on Yantian, the capture tax levied by mullet fishing boats specializing in mullet roe according to the size of their ships, the berthing tax on berthing in Hong Kong, the fishing tax on fishing fish and so on. Religious circles are no exception. Monks and Taoists have to pay a "specific occupation tax". At that time, almost all soldiers and immigrants were men, and women were very scarce. If a woman is introduced as a spouse by China to get a gift, a marriage introduction tax will be levied. The tax burden imposed on residents can be said to be extremely harsh. The Zheng regime made huge profits in overseas trade, and the tax revenue extracted by residents was very rich, but the military actions against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty were frequent and costly. Residents suffered heavy taxes and growing resentment, and finally despaired of Zheng regime.
Disputes within the Zheng family:
The Zheng regime, which took anti-Qing as its sad wish and was often in wartime system, should have United and consolidated its basics, but in fact there were endless internal disputes. In particular, the death of the supreme commander, the vassal, caused disputes between the people and the regime and weakened the unity of the Zheng regime. After his sudden death, Zheng Jing, the eldest son of Xiamen, had an inheritance dispute with his younger brother, Taiwan Province Zheng. Zheng Jing committed adultery with her younger brother's wet nurse, which caused her father's anger. Although he was not sentenced, he was considered to lack the quality of a vassal. Therefore, after his death, Zheng immediately established heredity as the heir. When Zheng Jing learned of this, he immediately led an army to cross Taiwan, and it took him some trouble to hand over the succession to the throne.
The demise of the Zheng family:
Later, when Zheng Jing died in February of 168 1, Zheng regime launched a struggle for inheritance. At that time, Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan, who were determined to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, were opposed to Chen Yonghua, who attached great importance to governing Taiwan. According to the truth, Zheng Jing's eldest son, Zheng Kezang (Chen Yonghua's son-in-law), just turned 16 and should be the successor, but the hawks denied that Ke Zang was Zheng Jing's own son, killed him, made Feng Xifan his son-in-law, and his second son, Zheng Keshuang, was only twelve years old. As a result, Chen Yonghua, who played a good role in Taiwan Province Province, was replaced and Feng Xifan took the real power. Although the dispute over inheritance rights is the last sign of Zheng's regime, it is a good opportunity for the Qing dynasty, which is eyeing up and waiting for an opportunity to destroy Zheng's regime. The struggle between the Zheng regime and the Qing Dynasty was fierce, and psychological warfare did everything it could. It is no exaggeration for the two sides to carefully plan and persuade the enemy camp to surrender, saying that it is a "decisive battle to reward treason." The Qing Dynasty opened Xiulai Pavilion in Zhangzhou, Fujian on 1679. For those who surrender, civil and military officials guarantee their official positions, and soldiers promise to join the Qing army or be demobilized to set them free. Most people give fifty taels of silver to those with braided moustaches, and twenty taels to those without them. The strategy of Qing dynasty really worked, so people who betrayed Zheng regime appeared one after another. In order to show their achievements and attract more surrenders, Xiulai Museum not only announced the names and positions of surrenders, but also announced the civil and military officials of Zheng regime. Therefore, the suspicious situation within the Zheng regime accelerated the collapse of the regime.