Perennial herbs. Roots are fleshy, hairless and symbiotic. Pseudobulb, commonly known as Reuters, is covered with leaf sheaths. Many pseudobulb are often connected and exist in rows at the same time. Leaves are linear or sword-shaped, leathery, erect or drooping, flowers are solitary or in racemes, and many bracts are attached to pedicels. Flowers are bisexual and fragrant. Corolla consists of 3 sepals, 3 petals and pistil. 1 The middle sepal is called the main petal. The next two pieces are attached valves, and the extension of the attached valves is called home. The upper two petals are upright, fleshy and curled inward at the top, commonly known as hugs. The lower part 1 is a big lip, commonly known as Sun Lan. When mature, it is brown, and the seeds are fine and powdery.
Blue prefers shade, avoids direct sunlight, prefers wetness and dryness, and prefers fertile sandy loam with rich humus, good drainage and slight acidity, which is suitable for air circulation.
There are more than 35,000 species of Orchidaceae in 750 genera, and more than 70 species of Orchidaceae. Common cultivated varieties in China are:
Chunlan: also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid and fragrant flower. One stem 1 ~2 flowers, fragrant. The flowering period is from February to March. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Traditional rare species include Song Mei and Longzi. This variety is arbor with thin leaves, dark green flowers and no fragrance or light fragrance.
C. Faberi: Also known as Jiu Zilan and Xia Lan. One stem has many flowers, often 6 ~ 12, and the fragrance is overflowing. The flowering period is from March to May. The distribution area is similar to Chunlan. Traditional famous varieties include Shanghai Mei, Xie Peimei and Jin.
The variety C. faberivar.sechuanium, commonly known as Chrysanthemum morifolium, often has two rows of leaves, and the flowering period is from July to September. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Guangdong. The varieties of flag leaves are precious golden horsetail, Chen Yu Dagong, Longyan, Dafeng tail, Guanyin and Changting.
Species introduction
Orchids are precious ornamental plants. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 700 genera and 20,000 species in the world, and many new varieties are discovered and cultivated every year.
Orchids are mainly divided into three categories according to their ecological habits: terrestrial orchids, aerial orchids and saprophytic orchids. Because most species of ground orchids are native to China, ground orchids are also called China orchids and listed as the top ten flowers in China. Orchids in China are mainly divided into five categories: Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, and there are thousands of horticultural varieties.
Chunlan: Chunlan is also known as grass orchid and mountain orchid. Orchids are widely distributed and rich in resources. The flowering period is from February to March of a year, and the time can last about 1 month. The flowers are rich and pure. Precious varieties include petals of lotus, plum blossom, narcissus and butterfly. In terms of valve modeling, Jiangsu and Zhejiang famous products are the most typical.
Cymbidium hybridum: Cymbidium hybridum has thick and long roots, narrow and striped leaves, rough and hard texture, light green, obvious serrated leaves and obvious midvein. The flowers are fragrant and persistent, and the color is yellow. White, green, reddish and multicolored, mostly colored flowers, but also plain flowers and irises.
Orchids: Also known as Four Seasons Orchids, including Xia Lan and Qiu Lan, bloom in summer. Four seasons orchids are strong and tall, with beautiful green leaves and flowers. They are not afraid of the heat and cold, have strong vitality and are easy to cultivate. Different varieties have different flowering periods, and flowers can be seen from May to1February.
Hanlan: Hanlan is distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in the southwest. The leaves of Hanlan are longer than those of Sijilan, especially the leaf base is thinner, the leaves are elegant and elegant, green and delicate, with large, medium and thin leaves and edging. Rich in design and color, there are yellow, green, purple, deep purple and other colors, generally mottled veins and spots, but also clean and flawless plain flowers. Sepals and petals are narrow and thin, unique, delicate and lovely, with attractive aroma.
Cymbidium hybridum: Cymbidium hybridum, also known as Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, is native to Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and Hainan. Lannong in southern China, especially in Guangdong and Yunnan, likes to cultivate and watch.
Spring sword: Spring sword is often called authentic Chuanlan. Although Yunguichuan has a famous production, Chuanlan is the most precious. The colors are red, yellow, white, green, purple, black and other colors, which are gorgeous, graceful, elegant and pure in fragrance, and are often regarded as the first choice by orchid growers.
Katlia
Orchids are relative to orchids, generally referring to orchids other than orchids. In fact, not all of them are native to the west. Common ones are: Cattleya, Crotalaria, Phalaenopsis, Paphiopedilum, Oncidium, Vanilla, Dendrobium and so on. They pay attention to flower-shaped design, generally native to tropical and subtropical regions, mostly epiphytic, and their cultivation requires high temperature and high humidity. They are the most popular flowers in the world today.
Matters needing attention
Although there are many kinds of orchids, their botanical morphological characteristics are similar. Generally speaking, orchids can be divided into two types according to their living environment: epiphytic orchids and terrestrial orchids. Aerial orchids are plants that grow and develop on tree trunks or rocks, such as chlorophytum, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis and Vanilla. Orchids are plants that grow and develop in soil rich in organic matter, such as Cymbidium sinense, Eupatorium odoratum and Paphiopedilum papyrifera. In addition, according to the different growth and development forms of plants, they can be divided into two categories. One kind is monocotyledonous orchids, such as bandana and Phalaenopsis. The other is that the stem stops growing when it grows to a certain extent, and new buds must germinate from the base, which is called sympodial flowers, such as cultivated species in Garderia and orchids. One stem of Cymbidium hybridum is not easy to germinate lateral buds, and it is difficult to reproduce because it can only grow lateral buds instead of terminal buds after topping.
sign
Since ancient times, people have regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility, elegance, patriotism and faithfulness. Orchids symbolize nobility. Orchids are elegant, dignified and fragrant, and have always been a symbol of noble personality. The poet Qu Yuan loves orchids very much. In his immortal work Lisao, there are many beautiful sentences about orchids. Orchids are born in the vestibule, containing breeze.
Orchids are known as "gentlemen in flowers" and "the fragrance of kings". For China people, orchids also have profound national significance. Among the four traditional gentlemen in China, plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are different from plum's seclusion, chrysanthemum's wind and frost and bamboo's integrity. Orchids symbolize the temperament of an intellectual and the introverted elegance of a nation. Therefore, for orchids, China people have deep-rooted national feelings and personality identity. Orchids, elegant leaves; Noble and elegant flowers, charm still exists; That kind of pure, distant and refreshing fragrance has been loved by people since ancient times. Therefore, in the traditional culture of China, cultivating orchids, appreciating orchids, painting orchids and writing orchids have always been an important way for people to cultivate their sentiments and cultivate their self-cultivation. Known as "national fragrance" and "king fragrance", China orchids have become the representative of elegant culture.
Chlorophyte grass is born in pure land, but it is not fragrant because there is no one ... exquisite!
Cultivation management
Cymbidium goeringii has been cultivated in China for more than 2,000 years and accumulated rich experience. Cymbidium hybridum is a semi-negative plant, and its growth depends on conservation and management. The cultivation site needs good ventilation, shading facilities and light control. Shading nets and films are often used for rain and sun protection, which requires good shading in spring and summer and sufficient sunshine in autumn and winter, which is conducive to the growth and flowering of roots and leaves. Avoid direct sunlight or exposure. Watering is the key to raise Cymbidium hybridum, and the amount of watering depends on temperature, light intensity and plant growth. Generally speaking, if the temperature is low and the humidity is high in winter, it is necessary to water less. If the plants grow vigorously, it is necessary to water more in summer. However, it is forbidden to shower in summer, and it is necessary to cover the rain with a film. It is wise to water in the morning. It is prone to black spot disease when it rains in autumn. It is better to water at noon on a sunny day in winter. If possible, it is best to install automatic spraying facilities to increase the air humidity, which is more conducive to the growth and development of Chunlan. Rainwater and river water are generally the best water for orchids, so tap water must be used after entering the pool. Fertilization is necessary for Chunlan. Spring, summer and autumn are in the vigorous growth period of orchids, so you can apply more fertilizer. From late March to late September, apply fertilizer 1 time every week, and the concentration should be light. Orchids grow slowly in autumn and winter, and need less fertilization. Fertilize every half month 1 time. Spray a small amount of water after fertilization to prevent the fertilizer solution from polluting the leaves. Fertilization must be carried out in sunny evening, and fertilization on cloudy days is in danger of root rot. Generally, orchids are dormant in winter and do not need fertilization. Granular compound fertilizer or "Huiyou" 15- 15-30 special fertilizer for potted flowers can also be used in the growth period.
Pest control Chunlan is prone to black spot disease and mildew disease due to poor ventilation and high humidity. Black spot disease often harms new buds, and when it is serious, the whole plant dies. 65% zineb wettable powder can be sprayed with 600 times of liquid besides strengthening ventilation and controlling air humidity. Fungal diseases lead to root rot, which can be prevented by spraying 500 times of pentachloronitrobenzene powder. In the process of cultivation, if scale insects harm leaves, 40% omethoate EC 1000 times can be sprayed.
After delivery, Cymbidium hybridum is fragrant with flowers and its leaves are elegant and soft, which is highly respected in the international orchid industry, especially in Japan, South Korea, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, Chunlan has a good foundation, many famous species and a high level of artistic orchids in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In Yuantou Bamboo Park, Wuxi, the "Jiangnan Orchid Garden" with orchids as the main body was established, a national orchid research center was established, and small orchid production bases were established in Jingjiang and Nanjing, which provided rich germplasm materials for Chunlan to enter thousands of households. Chunlan potted plants, interior decoration, elegant and fresh. If you place high-grade tea rooms and hotel reception rooms, you can improve your taste and grade.