Du Fu (7 12 February 12 -770) was a realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His works are famous for social realism. China was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city City, Henan Province). Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei (now Xiangyang, Hubei). Because he used to be Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang of the proofreading department, later people called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu; Also known as Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". According to Cen's textual research, Du Fu is the fourth son and fourteenth grandson of Du Yu. However, according to the ancestors recorded in Du Yu's uncle's epitaph, Hu Kexian pointed out that Du Fu was a descendant of Du Yu's eldest son. Although Du Fu was not famous before his death, his works ultimately had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems have been preserved, and the collection of works is Du Gongbu Collection. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are also called "the history of poetry".
Du fu's life
Du Fu is from Xiangyang Du Fu, and he is the descendant of Du Yu, the eldest son of Dangyang Hou Du Yu in Jin Dynasty.
Seven grandfathers: Du Ganguang, Qi Situ, You Changshi.
Sixth ancestor: Du Xian, the magistrate of Liangbiancheng.
Fifth ancestor: Du Shupi, secretariat of Zhou Xia in Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Gaozu: Du Shiyu, secretary of Hanoi County (Huaizhou) in Sui Dynasty, was awarded jia county County Order.
Great-grandfather: Tang Yongzhou Taishou, Luozhou Gongxian Du.
Grandfather: Du, Luoyang County Cheng, Jizhou Cishiluo joined the army, and was a foreign minister in the grain department.
Du Fu's Brief Introduction and Personal Information
Du fu's early years
Du Fu's early life is rarely recorded, mainly from his poems. Du Fu was born in July1February1February, and was born in Gong County (now gongyi city). Du's grandfather was a famous politician and poet in the period of Wu Zetian. "With Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao as four friends, the world number is' Cui, Li, Su and Du'", and his father was an official in the county magistrate of Sima and Fengtian in Yanzhou (now Shandong). "When you are careful, you are idle and idle." Du Fu's mother, Qinghe Cui Shi, died shortly after Du Fu was born, and his father, Du Xian, continued to marry Lu of john young. Du Fu didn't get much maternal love from Lu, but his second aunt took on the role of mother and raised little Du Fu, so Du Fu grew up with his aunt in Luoyang, and he showed great literary talent. Du Fu wrote a poem that shocked Luoyang City when he was nine years old. Du Fu has one brother who died young, three half-brothers and one half-sister Du Fu often mentioned them in his poems, but Du Fu never mentioned his stepmother in his poems.
Du Fu has been eager to learn since he was a child. At the age of seven, he was able to write poems. "At the age of seven, I thought I was strong, and I sang the phoenix with my mouth open." He is interested in "making the monarch Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." It can be seen that Du Fu is a precocious child. Du Fu was very naughty when he was a child. "I remember my fifteen-year-old heart was still a child, as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times. "However, this precocious child's super memory and outstanding literary talent left a deep impression on people." Li Yong seeks knowledge, and William Wang is willing to be a neighbor. "
Du Fu's Youth Travel
Du Fu roamed several times in his youth. Nineteen-year-old, traveling in Yixian, Shanxi. Twenty years old, roaming wuyue for several years. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), he returned to Gong County to participate in the "rural tribute". Twenty-four years in Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam, ranking first from the bottom. His father was Sima in Yanzhou at that time, and Du Fu went to Yanzhou to visit relatives and began a trip to Qi and Zhao. This time, I am happy and comfortable. During this time, I mainly hunted and sang: "I was dissolute in Zhao, and Qiu Ma was quite frivolous. Haruka Congtai, next to the winter hunting castle peak. " In the 29th year of Kaiyuan, he returned to Luoyang and built a house in shouyangshan. Around this time, he married Yang Yi's daughter, a farmer and a young woman. In April of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu met Li Bai, who was given gold by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang, and they met on a trip to Liang and Song Dynasties. Later, Du Fu went to Jizhou (now Jinan, Shandong). In the autumn of four years, I went to Yanzhou to see Li Bai. They searched for immortals together, talked about poems and articles, and forged a profound friendship of "getting drunk in autumn and walking hand in hand with the sun". At the end of autumn, the two shook hands and said goodbye. Du Fu ended the Qi-Zhao tour of "wild between Qi and Zhao, wild horses in autumn" and "carefree * * *, heading west to Xianyang". At that time, it coincided with the prosperity of Kaiyuan, and the tide was rising everywhere. Du Fu's feelings during this period were poured into his poems, which were bold and conceited, passionate and open. This is the characteristic of Du Fu's early poetic art..
Du fu's entry into the official position
In the sixth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong called the "all-rounder" of the world to Chang 'an to take the exam, and Du Fu also took the exam. Because the Minister of Electric Power Li directed a farce of "leaving no legacy", all the students who took the exam lost the election. The road to the imperial examination is blocked. In order to realize his political ideal, Du Fu had to turn to the door of the powerful and give gifts, but nothing came of it. He lived in Chang 'an for ten years, rushing around to give gifts, depressed and frustrated in his official career, and living in poverty.
In the first month of the tenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong held three ceremonies to worship Taiqing Palace, ancestral temple and heaven and earth. Du Fu then presented three "big gifts" in the winter of the ninth year of Tianbao, which was appreciated by Xuanzong. However, he only got the qualification of "participating in the selection order" and waited for distribution. As the examiner is still Li, he didn't get the official position. It was not until 14 years ago that he was awarded a small official in Hexi Wei, but Du Fu didn't want to be an official [17], so the court changed him to a right-back to command the government soldier Cao (a junior official who was responsible for guarding the staff of armor and managing the access key). Du Fu stayed in Chang 'an for more than ten years because he was 44 years old. In order to make a living, he accepted this useless job. In November, Du Fu went to Fengxian to save his family. When he first entered this country, he heard crying, because his children starved to death. Based on ten years' experience in Chang 'an and his experiences along the way, he wrote the famous "From Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words".
Du Fu's Displacement in An Shi Rebellion
Just this month, the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out. In June of the following year, Tongguan fell and Xuanzong fled to Chengdu. In July, Prince Hengli was established in Lingwu as Su Zong. At this time, Du Fu's family had moved to Qiang Village in ~ Prefecture (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to take refuge. He heard that Su Zong ascended the throne and immediately went north alone in August to join Lingwu. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang 'an. Wang Wei, who was captured with him, was closely supervised, but he was not imprisoned because of his small official position. The poet witnessed the ruin of the country and the cruelty of the rebels, and felt sad at that time, and wrote immortal poems such as Spring Hope, Mourning the Head of the General and Mourning the King's Sun. In April of the second year of Zhide (757), Guo Ziyi's army came to the north of Chang 'an. Du Fu ventured out of Chang 'an from Jinguangmen in the west of the city, crossed the opposing two armies, and came to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang in Shaanxi) to join forces with Su Zong. "Ma Xie saw the son of heaven, and his sleeves showed two elbows." On May 16th, he was conferred Zuo Shiyi by Su Zong, so he was called Du Shiyi. Unexpectedly, Du Fu soon angered Su Zong by saving Fang Ke, and asked the third division to ask questions. Fortunately, Prime Minister Zhang Gao saved him. 1February, Su Zong recalled Du Fu to resume his post. In May of the seventeenth year of Tianbao, Helan Jin Ming framed Fang Ke, and Du Fu was implicated and alienated from Su Zong. In August, I released my home in Yunzhou Province. In June of the first year of Gan Yuan (758), he was demoted to join the army and left the court forever.
That winter, Du Fu went to Luoyang from Huazhou. In the spring of two years, I returned to Huazhou, which coincided with the battle of Yecheng. Tang Jun was defeated by 600,000 troops, and the court seized Ding to supplement its military strength. Du Fu wrote his famous poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" according to what he saw and felt along the way. In July, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), where he began the arduous journey of "hanging in the northeast alone and wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth". During the wandering journey, Du Fu's family worked hard and were once on the verge of despair. In October, Du Fu, who was short of food and clothing, left Qin Zhou with his family and went south to Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) to solve the problem of food and clothing. Unexpectedly, after arriving in the same valley, the living conditions have not improved, but they have completely fallen into a desperate situation of hunger and cold. In his poems, Du Fu recorded the most difficult years with every word of blood and tears. "Men are old when they are not famous and hungry for three years. How many years have Chang 'an Qing been together? Wealth should lead to early health. Confucian scholars in the mountains have known each other for a long time, but words hurt the past. Alas, after seven sad songs, I looked up at the speed of the sky. "
Du Fu's Entry into Shu
/kloc-In early February, Du Fu fled again in despair, leaving the same valley with his family for Shu, and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. He was a good friend of Du Fu, then Yin of Chengdu. He gave Du Fu a lot of help and Du Fu's life began to settle down. "Wu and Fu are old and have a long course of treatment." Du Fu called it "how to work hard and work four times a year" because he was wandering from place to place and constantly fleeing during this year. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu's family, with the help of relatives and friends, built a hut near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu, which is the famous Chengdu Du Fu Caotang. Du Fu sent Yanwu to Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Xu was forced to live in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan) and Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan) because the soldiers and horses of Jiannan let Xu know about the rebellion. In the first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (763), the court called him to make up for Jingzhao Gongcao, but he didn't go to work. In the first month of two years, Yanwu went to work in Chengdu again and wrote several times to hope that Du Fu would come back. In June, Yanwu recommended Du Fu as a member of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, hence the name "Du Gongbu".
In the first month of the first year of Yongtai (765), Du Fu withdrew from the Yanwu shogunate. In April, Yanwu died, and Du Fu lost his dependence. In May, I left Chengdu and went south by boat, passing through history (now Leshan, Sichuan), Rongzhou (now Yibin, Sichuan), Yuzhou (now Chongqing) and Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian, Chongqing) to Yun 'an (now Yunyang, Chongqing), and moved to Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing) at the end of the following spring, even taking the boat as my home. Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! Du Fu lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years and wrote more than 400 poems.
Du Fu died.
In the first month of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu left the Three Gorges with his family, passed through Jiangling and Gongan, and arrived in Yueyang at the end of winter. After that, the poet wandered in Hunan, suffering from poverty and illness, and was on the verge of despair. Five years in Dali (770? Month? In winter, Du Fu died on a boat in Xiangjiang River at the age of 59. Du Fu died of "wind disease".
Du Fu's death has always been a topic of academic discussion. Some experts believe that Du Fu died of diabetes and found evidence in Du Fu's poems, "I have missed the imperial court for a long time. The lungs are too thirsty to linger in Gongsun City. " Evergreen disease refers to diabetes in Sima Xiangru. It is said that Du Fu was besieged by floods in Leiyang and didn't eat for more than ten days. Later, Nie County Magistrate of Leiyang hired a boat to pick him up and gave him a lot of beef and white wine. Du Fu ate all night and died full. Du Fu's coffin was parked in Yueyang, in the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), and was buried by Sun Zidu in shouyangshan, Henan.
Personal data? Bai Bing's profile? Introduction to Du Haitao? A brief introduction of Alalei Cui Hana? Profile of a six-year-old in Zhang Jinlai? Nie Qian's file? A brief introduction to Fu Mingxia? A brief introduction of Chen Tian, No.59 Dan Zhan?