1, natural relics In the historical data of the Tancheng earthquake, more than twenty or thirty counties recorded related natural phenomena such as landslides or landslides. However, with the passage of time, the natural landscapes such as population reproduction, farmland development, human settlements, water conservancy projects and industrial and mining facilities, landslides, sand blasting and water spraying caused by the Tancheng earthquake gradually disappeared. Over the years, although many people have been to places with historical records to look for landslides and other relics, there are no traces. Fortunately, due to the discovery of the Xiongershan Rift Valley in Shanting Town, Zaozhuang in the spring of 2000, the landslide phenomenon caused by the Tancheng earthquake in 1668 was discovered here. According to Diao Shouzhong's article, Xiong 'er Mountain is 25 kilometers north of Zaozhuang City, and Maozhai Village is near the southern foot of the main peak, with an altitude of 483 meters. Although the mountain is not high, it is steep. One day in early March 2000, a farmer went hunting in the mountains and found a big cave because he was chasing prey. After the news spread, the local government attached great importance to it and immediately organized relevant experts to conduct scientific investigation, and found and confirmed the cave group in Xiong 'er Mountain. Later, in May, the natural rift and landslide remains of Xiong 'er Mountain were further discovered, which is "unique to Shandong and rare in China". There are intact landslide stone piles at the site, and the sections of the stones are relatively fresh. There is a stone mill in the stone pile, which is related to a local legend. Legend has it that there was once a small village at the foot of the mountain where five or six families lived. One night 300 years ago, the mountain suddenly shook. With a loud noise, the mountain collapsed and the whole village was buried under a big stone pile. Except a peddler and a cat who went out to play in the countryside, all the other creatures in the village were killed. This stone mill was used by villagers in this village to grind rice at that time. The time of this legend is consistent with the time of the Tancheng earthquake in 1668, and it is also consistent with the records in Kangxi's Yi County Records. The edges and corners of the rocks on the two walls of the rift valley are fresh and distinct, and the stalactite wall which is easy to be weathered and destroyed is still basically intact, and even the loess covered on the top of the rock is roughly the same thickness, indicating that the rift valley was formed for a short time and at one time. The dislocation of the two plates in the Rift Valley is complex, which is mainly manifested in extension arrangement, vertical sliding and horizontal left-lateral dislocation, indicating that the dynamic process of rift formation is complex. These are all considered as evidence of the bad rift valley and landslide caused by the 1668 Tancheng earthquake.
2. There are many remains that can be found in the earthquake ruins, mainly some ancient architectural ruins and inscriptions made by deaf people when they were updated after the earthquake damage, many of which recorded the earthquake and the damage of the buildings that were updated and repaired at that time. Earthquake remains are widely distributed, starting from Juxian County in the north and reaching Pixian County in Jiangsu Province in the south. Up to now, only 12 building has been found. In fact, this number has been greatly reduced. But in the past two or three decades, farmland water conservancy, agricultural production and road construction have all been destroyed into "four old buildings". For example, there used to be a monument in Hongshiya Ancient Temple in Tashang Township, Tancheng County, and now it is built as a stone on the classroom wall by Xincun Primary School. Earthquake monuments in many places have been destroyed and used to build bridges, pave roads or do other projects. Linyi City West Taishan Palace Donglao Temple Monument was collected by the museum. Judging from the distribution of these monuments, they are distributed in high-intensity and low-intensity areas where the earthquake damage is serious, but most of them are in severely damaged areas, reflecting a large number of severely damaged areas, such as the official monument of Mount Tai, the Sanyi monument of the rebuilt descendants hall, the epitaph of ancestors, the monument of Zhao, the monument of Li, the monument of Yanjun Temple and the Kannonji of Jade Emperor Hall. In addition to the destruction records during the earthquake, there are many records about the date, time and aftershocks of the earthquake. For example, grandma's temple monument records the synchronous earthquake in Shandong, and houses collapsed, causing countless deaths and injuries. Compared with Wang Huaiye's Hanyuan collapse in Jiajing period, it was a "three-hall sequence" ... 100 days ago in June, when the earthquake occurred, the ground cracked, the deep well burst and a house on the earth fell down. From the distribution and description of these inscriptions, it can be seen that the ground buildings were damaged to varying degrees by the strata at that time.
1668 at 8: 00 p.m. on July 25th (June 17th, 7th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the largest earthquake in eastern Chinese mainland occurred in Tancheng.
Lightning and thunder flashed instantly, and a serious subsidence occurred in Lizhuang Town, Tancheng County. Maling Mountain was broken in many places. The houses in the county town of Fiona Fang were dumped, sandblasted and flooded, and the ground water was three or four meters deep. There are cries everywhere, and the survivors are even more terrible. The biting wind and rain are accompanied by lights and desolation.
The magnitude of the earthquake reached 8.5 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was Tancheng. Tancheng, Linyi and Juxian were the most seriously affected. The affected areas cover Yu Sheng and the eastern seas of China, such as Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian. There are more than 400 recorded earthquake-affected areas with a total area of nearly 65,438.
Strange disasters in the world: compiling the history of disasters in the records of literature and history
Before a big earthquake, there will always be many macro anomalies. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, the Tancheng earthquake was not recorded in detail. According to the existing historical data, before the earthquake, there were macro-level anomalies such as extreme drought and heavy waterlogging, rising groundwater level and animal anomalies.
Four years before the Tancheng earthquake, a large area of drought occurred in the west of Tancheng, including some counties in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. "This year, except for two-tenths of the wheat harvest in Shandong Peninsula, other places have no production in summer and autumn, and thousands of miles of bare land have withered." Yan, deputy director of the Seismological Bureau of Linyi City, said that before the earthquake, many animals, such as cattle, horses, donkeys, dogs and chickens, had obvious abnormalities. It is recorded in the historical materials of Lingxian, Linzi, Zichuan, Tai 'an and Haifeng. "The river overflows and the whole city crows and dogs bark ..."
In addition, there are phenomena such as earth gas, earth light and earth sound during the earthquake, such as white, black and turbid smoke gas, which seems to come from underground. In Ganyu, Jiangsu, Xihua, Henan, Gaomi, Shandong and other places around the epicenter, yellow-purple clouds, red or fire-like ground light appeared. Before the earthquake, the characteristics of the earth sound are that the closer it is to the epicenter, the stronger the volume, and its sounds are like thunder, galloping horses, wind roar, guns and so on.
At the moment of the earthquake, buildings such as Tancheng, Linyi, Juzhou, municipal and county governments, official residences, Gong Xue, Cang 'ao, private houses, temples, shrines, towers and bridges collapsed in the earthquake zone, causing ground fissures, sand blasting, water gushing and landslides. Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County" said: "Once, all the trees in the building leaned forward and backward, and the upper and lower ones even went up and down two or three times, and then they trembled. The towers, official houses, private houses and village temples collapsed to the ground for a time. " Kangxi's Yizhou Zhi: "The earthquake is audible, coming from the northwest, and the sound is like thunder. The battlements, palaces and temples are destroyed at one time ... The water in the flat is more than ten feet deep, the water in the well is several feet high, and the landslides are scattered with rotten wood and sand." Kangxi's "Ju Zhou Zhi": "The Yizhou earthquake shook like thunder all night, and officials, houses, temples, towers and battlements all fell down, leaving only one or two broken houses, and the people were afraid to enter. The river has skyrocketed, and there is no inch of rafters in the city and no inch of land under it. "
When you walk on the red-brown rock of Maipo earthquake site in Tancheng, your back foot has not left the land 654.38 billion years ago, and your front foot will step on the red sandstone 2 million years ago. Here, geological activities again and again make two groups of strata, which are about 100 million years apart, see the light of day again and miraculously stand side by side, forming a mysterious natural wonder. ...
Text/film reporter Zhang Zhen Ji
Sites that may disappear in 20 years are in urgent need of protection.
The geological landform of Maipo earthquake site is primitive and magical, and it is an imprint left on the earth in ancient times. Unfortunately, however, this earthquake site, which once lived in the same era as dinosaurs, is being eroded by wind and rain.
Man-made damage is gradually shrinking. "If it is not protected, this site will disappear in about 20 years." As the director of the Earthquake Administration of Tancheng County, the army is worried about this.
"The next rain will wash away a lot of things," said Xu Zhifang, a villager who was weeding near the construction site on June 5438+07. In the past, these "red earth mountains" were all connected together. Now many hills are cut off from the middle and lie at the bottom of the ditch one by one, which is much smaller.
Under the ditch, some open spaces around Hongshan were reclaimed into fields by hardworking farmers nearby, and crops such as peanuts, watermelons and soybeans were planted. From time to time, you can see the busy figure of farmers shaking in this red.
Farmers who have lived here for generations have not realized how important this "red earth mountain" is around them. On the contrary, because the sandy soil of this fault is suitable for turning over sand well, some villagers used to steal soil and sell it for money. Nowadays, although the village has been strengthened, it is still difficult to stop soil thieves because it is outdoors and covers a large area.
Many people of insight in society began to pay attention to the protection of this site. Since last year, Wang Feng, the producer of the documentary "Great Earthquake 1668", together with the members of the film crew, has paid close attention to the important value of Maipo earthquake site and the current situation that needs to be protected, and issued an appeal in the film "Let Maipo landscape never disappear from people's sight".
According to the army, the Tanlu fault zone is two huge fault zones in the world, which are as famous as the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, and the Maipo earthquake site, which is about 2,600 meters long from north to south, is the most exposed section of the Tanlu fault zone, the most typical section, and the most spectacular, magical and scientific research value. Protecting this precious natural heritage is of great significance.
At present, there are generally two ways to protect the Maipo earthquake site. One is to carry out shed protection, that is, to delimit faults as key protected areas and build sheds for protection. Then there is glue protection, that is, using a special glue to fix the fault and prevent the relentless erosion of wind and rain. However, due to lack of funds, these ideas cannot be put into practice for the time being.
Red Earth Mountain is desolate and mysterious.
17, the reporter went to the west slope of Maling Mountain in Maipo Village, Gaofengtou Town, Tancheng County, which is the world-famous site of the Tancheng Maipo earthquake. Even if you are psychologically prepared, suddenly seeing a large ravine and colorful "flaming mountains" rising from the ground in the middle of the endless flat fields will still make people marvel at the ingenuity of nature.
Looking down from the height of the western slope of Maling Mountain, the mysterious castle-like hills are layered on top of each other, showing a completely different red color from other places. In this big ravine, these rocks are arranged in the east-west direction and have different shapes. Although it is a stone, it is not hard and can be grasped with one hand. After years of weathering, the surface of this red mountain has turned into flour-like sand, so the locals call it "Red Earth Mountain".
What is even more surprising is that the mountains and ditches in other places are covered with weeds, but the "red soil mountain" is not long, so it is bare, full of red, very desolate and mysterious. Uncle Zhang, a villager who turned over the land nearby, said that there was no grass on this "red soil mountain". Even if grass grows in some places, it is the wind that blows the soil from other places to this red clay mountain, so it grows.
At the eastern end of the "red earth mountain", standing side by side with it, it is a brown rock mountain that is closely combined. The two are closely combined, but obviously there is a straight dividing line like a knife. The east of the dividing line is slightly brown and the west is slightly red, and the two colors are distinct. The earthquake of "one step across 100 million years" left wonders.
The unique natural landscape of Maipo earthquake site is amazing, but what is even more amazing is that the formation age of these two red and brown hills is about 1 100 million years apart.
Lu Jun, director of the Seismological Bureau of Tancheng County, said that the red sandstone was formed in the Cenozoic Quaternary (about 2 million years ago) and the brown sand shale was formed in the Mesozoic Cretaceous (about 70 million-140 million years ago), which is the era when dinosaurs lived. According to the dating, brown sand shale should have witnessed the tragic scene of dinosaur extinction and experienced the whole process of human evolution.
When we stepped from the intersection of red and brown rocks, our hind feet were still on the land of 2 million years, and our front feet had stepped into "100 million years ago", which is the saying that "one step spans 100 million years" handed down by local people. Nowadays, anyone who comes here for sightseeing or sightseeing will take a walk here and feel the magic and historical vicissitudes of "one step across 100 million years".
This comes from a class with a long history. Why did it rush out of the ground and be exposed to us? Why do the "ancestor" brown sandstone shale and the "descendant" red sandstone stand side by side over 100 million years ago? The reason for this strange phenomenon is the repeated geological activities since ancient times. Yan, deputy director of the Seismological Bureau of Linfen City, said that every geological activity will cause the strata to break, move and thrust, which will eventually bring the two groups of strata of different ages together. Judging from the active fault shape of Maipo earthquake, it was not formed by one or two major earthquakes, but finally formed by several extraordinary ancient earthquakes.
"Strange disasters in the past" created active faults in earthquakes.
Behind nature's uncanny workmanship is human disaster. Maipo seismic active fault was finally formed after many extraordinary ancient earthquakes. The earliest record of the Tancheng earthquake that can be found at present is the Tancheng earthquake more than 300 years ago.
1On July 25th, 668, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Tancheng, which affected ten Yu Sheng in the east of China, and the recorded earthquake damage area reached 6.5438+0.9 million square kilometers. This is by far the strongest earthquake in eastern Chinese mainland. "Tancheng wild old cry along the township, claiming earthquake poisoning. Suddenly, when he heard the thunder in the air, the earth was overturned ... I looked up and there was no one in front, and I couldn't see the house at that time. " Feng Keshen, then the magistrate of Tancheng County, wrote Song of the Victims, which truly described the tragic situation of Tancheng earthquake.
The earthquake killed at least tens of thousands of people, changed the scenery of mountains and rivers, and diverted rivers. According to research, it was in this earthquake that the Shuhe River, which originally flowed from north to south, suddenly turned west on the eastern slope of Maling Mountain. The army said that the 1668 Tancheng earthquake had a certain influence on the formation of the Maipo seismically active fault, and it was several earthquakes like this that finally formed the Maipo seismically active fault we see today.
In addition to historical records, the ruins of ancient buildings, inscriptions reconstructed after earthquake damage, and earthquake-damaged sites on the ground also reflect the damage of major earthquakes.
Xu Minchao, former director of Shi Zhiban in Tancheng County, said: "Due to the serious damage, there are almost no ancient buildings preserved in Tancheng in the earthquake zone 300 years ago." In the northern end, periphery and low-intensity areas of the earthquake zone, although some ancient buildings, such as Ding Lin Temple and Jingjing Building in Fulaishan, have been preserved, it is difficult to see the traces of the earthquake because they were repaired in time after being destroyed at that time. Inscription on Rebuilding Taishan Temple in Linyi Museum, Inscription on Ancestor of King's Tomb in Baichang Village, Banquan Town, Ju 'nan County, Inscription on Rebuilding Children's Temple and Sanyi Temple in Zhongjing Village, Baishabu Town, lanshan district, etc. These stone tablets, complete or incomplete, all describe the Tancheng earthquake.
In addition, judging from the earthquake signs of field investigation and excavation in recent years, Yan said: "The deformation zone extends to 120 km. Among them, the strong fault zone starts from Banquan in Junan County in the north and reaches Maoci Village in Tancheng County in the south. There are seismic faults, structural cracks, weak bedding folds, sand liquefaction, water blasting, landslides and other deformation types in the section about 70 kilometers long. "
The earthquake fault is obviously exposed. From the Seventh Mountain near Jishan Mountain in Linshu County to Maoci Temple in Tancheng County, a fault of nearly 30 kilometers is exposed on the surface. It is a seismic fault formed by the Tancheng earthquake in 1668, and it is the latest destruction of the Yishu fault zone. Ground fissures are also one of the main forms of ground deformation caused by the Tancheng earthquake. They are distributed in strips along the floodplain and terrace of Shuhe River, starting from Juxian in the north, passing through Junan and eastern Linyi, and reaching Jishan in Linshu in the south, forming a tectonic fracture deformation zone with a length of about 80 kilometers and a width of 5 ~ 15 kilometers. Through the analysis and comparison of the deformation zone itself, it can be seen that the damage of the Tancheng earthquake to the ground is gradually weakened from south to north.
1668 at 8: 00 p.m. on July 25th (June 17th, 7th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the largest earthquake in eastern Chinese mainland occurred in Tancheng.
Lightning and thunder flashed instantly, and a serious subsidence occurred in Lizhuang Town, Tancheng County. Maling Mountain was broken in many places. The houses in the county town of Fiona Fang were dumped, sandblasted and flooded, and the ground water was three or four meters deep. There are cries everywhere, and the survivors are even more terrible. The biting wind and rain are accompanied by lights and desolation.
The magnitude of the earthquake reached 8.5 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was Tancheng. Tancheng, Linyi and Juxian were the most seriously affected. The affected areas cover Yu Sheng and the eastern seas of China, such as Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian. There are more than 400 recorded earthquake-affected areas with a total area of nearly 65,438.
Strange disasters in the world: compiling the history of disasters in the records of literature and history
Before a big earthquake, there will always be many macro anomalies. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, the Tancheng earthquake was not recorded in detail. According to the existing historical data, before the earthquake, there were macro-level anomalies such as extreme drought and heavy waterlogging, rising groundwater level and animal anomalies.
Four years before the Tancheng earthquake, a large area of drought occurred in the west of Tancheng, including some counties in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. "This year, except for two-tenths of the wheat harvest in Shandong Peninsula, other places have no production in summer and autumn, and thousands of miles of bare land have withered." Yan, deputy director of the Seismological Bureau of Linyi City, said that before the earthquake, many animals, such as cattle, horses, donkeys, dogs and chickens, had obvious abnormalities. It is recorded in the historical materials of Lingxian, Linzi, Zichuan, Tai 'an and Haifeng. "The river overflows and the whole city crows and dogs bark ..."
In addition, there are phenomena such as earth gas, earth light and earth sound during the earthquake, such as white, black and turbid smoke gas, which seems to come from underground. In Ganyu, Jiangsu, Xihua, Henan, Gaomi, Shandong and other places around the epicenter, yellow-purple clouds, red or fire-like ground light appeared. Before the earthquake, the characteristics of the earth sound are that the closer it is to the epicenter, the stronger the volume, and its sounds are like thunder, galloping horses, wind roar, guns and so on.
In addition to historical records, the original Tancheng also reflected the destruction of the great earthquake from the ruins of ancient buildings, inscriptions reconstructed after the earthquake damage, and ground earthquake damage sites.
Xu Minchao, director of Shi Zhiban, said: "Due to the serious damage, there are almost no ancient buildings preserved 300 years ago in Tancheng, the earthquake zone." In the northern end, periphery and low-intensity areas of the earthquake zone, although some ancient buildings, such as Ding Lin Temple and Jingjing Building in Fulaishan, have been preserved, it is difficult to see the traces of the earthquake because they were repaired in time after being destroyed at that time. Inscription on Rebuilding Taishan Temple in Linyi Museum, Inscription on Ancestor of King's Tomb in Baichang Village, Banquan Town, Ju 'nan County, Inscription on Rebuilding Children's Temple and Sanyi Temple in Zhongjing Village, Baishabu Town, lanshan district, etc. These stone tablets, complete or incomplete, all describe the Tancheng earthquake.
In addition, judging from the earthquake signs of field investigation and excavation in recent years, Yan said: "The deformation zone extends to 120 km. Among them, the strong fault zone starts from Banquan in Junan County in the north and reaches Maoci Village in Tancheng County in the south. There are seismic faults, structural cracks, weak bedding folds, sand liquefaction, water blasting, landslides and other deformation types in the section about 70 kilometers long. "
The earthquake fault is obviously exposed. From the Seventh Mountain near Jishan Mountain in Linshu County to Maoci Temple in Tancheng County, a fault of nearly 30 kilometers is exposed on the surface. It is a seismic fault formed by the Tancheng earthquake in 1668, and it is the latest destruction of the Yishu fault zone. Ground fissures are also one of the main forms of ground deformation caused by the Tancheng earthquake. They are distributed in strips along the floodplain and terrace of Shuhe River, starting from Juxian in the north, passing through Junan and eastern Linyi, and reaching Jishan in Linshu in the south, forming a tectonic fracture deformation zone with a length of about 80 kilometers and a width of 5 ~ 15 kilometers. Through the analysis and comparison of the deformation zone itself, it can be seen that the damage of the Tancheng earthquake to the ground is gradually weakened from south to north.
1668 at 8: 00 p.m. on July 25th (June 17th, 7th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the largest earthquake in eastern Chinese mainland occurred in Tancheng.
Lightning and thunder flashed instantly, and a serious subsidence occurred in Lizhuang Town, Tancheng County. Maling Mountain was broken in many places. The houses in the county town of Fiona Fang were dumped, sandblasted and flooded, and the ground water was three or four meters deep. There are cries everywhere, and the survivors are even more terrible. The biting wind and rain are accompanied by lights and desolation.
The magnitude of the earthquake reached 8.5 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was Tancheng. Tancheng, Linyi and Juxian were the most seriously affected. The affected areas cover Yu Sheng and the eastern seas of China, such as Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian. There are more than 400 recorded earthquake-affected areas with a total area of nearly 65,438.
Strange disasters in the world: compiling the history of disasters in the records of literature and history
Before a big earthquake, there will always be many macro anomalies. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, the Tancheng earthquake was not recorded in detail. According to the existing historical data, before the earthquake, there were macro-level anomalies such as extreme drought and heavy waterlogging, rising groundwater level and animal anomalies.
Four years before the Tancheng earthquake, a large area of drought occurred in the west of Tancheng, including some counties in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. "This year, except for two-tenths of the wheat harvest in Shandong Peninsula, other places have no production in summer and autumn, and thousands of miles of bare land have withered." Yan, deputy director of the Seismological Bureau of Linyi City, said that before the earthquake, many animals, such as cattle, horses, donkeys, dogs and chickens, had obvious abnormalities. It is recorded in the historical materials of Lingxian, Linzi, Zichuan, Tai 'an and Haifeng. "The river overflows and the whole city crows and dogs bark ..."
In addition, there are phenomena such as earth gas, earth light and earth sound during the earthquake, such as white, black and turbid smoke gas, which seems to come from underground. In Ganyu, Jiangsu, Xihua, Henan, Gaomi, Shandong and other places around the epicenter, yellow-purple clouds, red or fire-like ground light appeared. Before the earthquake, the characteristics of the earth sound are that the closer it is to the epicenter, the stronger the volume, and its sounds are like thunder, galloping horses, wind roar, guns and so on.
At the moment of the earthquake, buildings such as Tancheng, Linyi, Juzhou, municipal and county governments, official residences, Gong Xue, Cang 'ao, private houses, temples, shrines, towers and bridges collapsed in the earthquake zone, causing ground fissures, sand blasting, water gushing and landslides. Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County" said: "Once, all the trees in the building leaned forward and backward, and the upper and lower ones even went up and down two or three times, and then they trembled. The towers, official houses, private houses and village temples collapsed to the ground for a time. " Kangxi's Yizhou Zhi: "The earthquake is audible, coming from the northwest, and the sound is like thunder. The battlements, palaces and temples are destroyed at one time ... The water in the flat is more than ten feet deep, the water in the well is several feet high, and the landslides are scattered with rotten wood and sand." Kangxi's "Ju Zhou Zhi": "The Yizhou earthquake shook like thunder all night, and officials, houses, temples, towers and battlements all fell down, leaving only one or two broken houses, and the people were afraid to enter. The river has skyrocketed, and there is no inch of rafters in the city and no inch of land under it. "
Tancheng-Linyi earthquake, Tancheng-Juxian earthquake, Tancheng Maipo earthquake.
The intensity of some areas in Tancheng County and Linshu County reached 12 degrees, while the intensity of other areas reached XI degrees. When the earthquake happened, the trees on one side of the ground were covered and hundreds of valleys fell. Battlements, public rafters, official residences, temples, etc. All were destroyed at the same time, the landslide was cut off, the ground turned into a deep, and sand poured into the well. Tancheng towers and village temples collapsed like the ground, and ground fissures gushed out, spraying as high as two or three feet. Ground fissures or cracks are too wide to cross, or cracks are too deep to view, and thousands of towns in Li Jiazhuang are merged; Yizhou people have no space, the water depth of the flat land is more than ten feet, the water in the well is several feet high, and the ground is cracked; There is no house in Juzhou, and the landslide in Ma Jing is scattered. Lu Wu Gushan was split in two, Yanjiagu, Cyclone and Maqi Mountain were split in two, and four towns in the city were cracked everywhere. There are dead bodies everywhere, and many people can't bury them; Heavy rain and scorching sun, plague and dysentery followed, and people were evacuated.
X-degree area reaches Zhucheng in the north, Xinyi in the south and Mengyin and Feixian in the west. Government houses in Guo Cheng were completely damaged, and countless residents were killed. There were landslides, ground fissures and black sand water, and the water in the apartment was several feet.
Jiudu District reaches Weifang and Yidu in the north, Pixian and Shuyang in Jiangsu Province in the south, Rizhao and Jiaoxian in the east and Yanzhou and Zouxian in the west. There are no rotten official houses, no many human and animal casualties, no ground fissures and landslides, and no gushing water in the sand.
Badu District covers an area of 90,000 square kilometers from Jinan to Changyi and Jimo in the north, Yancheng and Lianshui in Jiangsu in the south and Weishan, Jining and Taian in the west. Countless city walls and official buildings were toppled, and most people and animals were crushed to death, resulting in ground subsidence and landslides.
Area VII starts from Jiaodong Peninsula in the north, reaches Huimin and Dezhou, reaches Huaibei and Bengbu in Anhui Province in the south, reaches Xuyi, Baoying and Dafeng in Jiangsu Province, and reaches Heze and Shangqiu in Henan Province in the west, covering an area of nearly 200,000 square kilometers. How bad battlements and houses are, the people crushed the dead and the ground cracked into black water.
Area VI starts from the Yellow River Estuary in the north, reaches Anqing and Xuancheng in Anhui Province in the south, reaches Shanghai in the south, reaches Jixian and Qiuxian in Hebei Province in the north, and reaches Anyang and Zhengzhou in Henan Province in the west, covering an area of nearly 400,000 square kilometers. It is generally recorded that houses are often dumped or thrown at people.
Yishui county recorded "thousands of households destroyed" and Zhangqiu county recorded "Longshan landslide".
2. The famous novelist Pu Songling gave a vivid description in the article Earthquake, the second volume of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The following is quoted from Earthquake:
On June 17, the seventh year of Kangxi, a great earthquake occurred. In (Editor's Note: Linzi today), Fang and his cousin Li drank a candle wine. Suddenly I heard thunder, coming from the southeast and heading northwest. Many people are horrified and don't understand why. In a few cases, the wine glasses were knocked over and the beams and rafters of the house staggered. Take care of each other. After a long time, we know that earthquakes and diseases often appear. I saw pavilions, servants rising, walls falling down and houses falling down, and children singing female trumpets, making a noise. People are dizzy and can't stand up, sitting on the ground and turning sideways. The river overflowed and the whole city crowed and dogs crowed. After a while, I will make a decision. Depending on the street, men and women meet naked, competing to confess and forgetting that they are naked. Later, I heard that a well can't be tilted, a tower moves easily from north to south, Qixia Mountain cracks, Yishui sinks, and is several acres wide. This is really weird.
3. Feng Keshen, then the county magistrate of Tancheng (a native of Shaowu County in Qing Dynasty, a scholar in Kangxi), actively contributed money to the victims after the earthquake. Later, Feng Keshen, the county magistrate, wrote "Song of the Victims", describing people's life in detail after the earthquake:
Tancheng wild old man cried along the countryside, saying that he was poisoned by the earthquake, and suddenly he heard thunder in the air, and the earth overturned in an instant. Or like a horse running on a dangerous slope, or like a huge wave shaking the shaft, suddenly sand springs gushed out everywhere, and suddenly, they dried up. Cracks open and sink into a deep pit, which is hard to stop. The evil wind whispers ghosts and gods, and the earth is gloomy and foggy. There is a lot of confusion in surviving, calling each other and chasing each other. I looked up and didn't see the person in front of me. I couldn't see the house from my side. I built a space-time Tibetan Committee, which was broken and disabled. How many villages out of a thousand can survive? Young girls stay alone at dusk, and old women turn themselves in to take care of their orphans. There is a jack-o'-lantern every night. Every family cries for a new soul under the moon, and the corpse is rotted without a coffin and half buried with reeds.
1668 at 8: 00 p.m. on July 25th (June 17th, 7th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the largest earthquake in eastern Chinese mainland occurred in Tancheng.
Lightning and thunder flashed instantly, and a serious subsidence occurred in Lizhuang Town, Tancheng County. Maling Mountain was broken in many places. The houses in the county town of Fiona Fang were dumped, sandblasted and flooded, and the ground water was three or four meters deep. There are cries everywhere, and the survivors are even more terrible. The biting wind and rain are accompanied by lights and desolation.
The magnitude of the earthquake reached 8.5 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was Tancheng. Tancheng, Linyi and Juxian were the most seriously affected. The affected areas cover Yu Sheng and the eastern seas of China, such as Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian. There are more than 400 recorded earthquake-affected areas with a total area of nearly 65,438.
Strange disasters in the world: compiling the history of disasters in the records of literature and history
Before a big earthquake, there will always be many macro anomalies. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, the Tancheng earthquake was not recorded in detail. According to the existing historical data, before the earthquake, there were macro-level anomalies such as extreme drought and heavy waterlogging, rising groundwater level and animal anomalies.
Four years before the Tancheng earthquake, a large area of drought occurred in the west of Tancheng, including some counties in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. "This year, except for two-tenths of the wheat harvest in Shandong Peninsula, other places have no production in summer and autumn, thousands of miles of bare land, trees and flowers wither." Yan, deputy director of the Seismological Bureau of Linyi City, said that before the earthquake, many animals, such as cattle, horses, donkeys, dogs and chickens, had obvious abnormalities. It is recorded in the historical materials of Lingxian, Linzi, Zichuan, Tai 'an and Haifeng. "The river overflows and the whole city crows and dogs bark ..."
In addition, there are phenomena such as earth gas, earth light and earth sound during the earthquake, such as white, black and turbid smoke gas, which seems to come from underground. In Ganyu, Jiangsu, Xihua, Henan, Gaomi, Shandong and other places around the epicenter, yellow-purple clouds, red or fire-like ground light appeared. Before the earthquake, the characteristics of the earth sound are that the closer it is to the epicenter, the stronger the volume, and its sounds are like thunder, galloping horses, wind roar, guns and so on.
At the moment of the earthquake, buildings such as Tancheng, Linyi, Juzhou, municipal and county governments, official residences, Gong Xue, Cang 'ao, private houses, temples, shrines, towers and bridges collapsed in the earthquake zone, causing ground fissures, sand blasting, water gushing and landslides. Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County" said: "Once, all the trees in the building leaned forward and backward, and the upper and lower ones even went up and down two or three times, and then they trembled. The towers, official houses, private houses and village temples collapsed to the ground for a time. " Kangxi's Yizhou Zhi: "The earthquake is audible, coming from the northwest, and the sound is like thunder. The battlements, palaces and temples are destroyed at one time ... The water in the flat is more than ten feet deep, the water in the well is several feet high, and the landslides are scattered with rotten wood and sand." Kangxi's "Ju Zhou Zhi": "The Yizhou earthquake shook like thunder all night, and officials, houses, temples, towers and battlements all fell down, leaving only one or two broken houses, and the people were afraid to enter. The river has skyrocketed, and there is no inch of rafters in the city and no inch of land under it. "