Chou Ying was originally from Taicang, Jiangsu, and later moved to Suzhou. Born in the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498, note: some people think it is 1509), and died in the 31st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1552). The existing paintings include Chunxiao in the Han Palace, Taoyuan Wonderland, Chibi, Fish Cave Wonderland, Taocun Caotang, Jiange, Songxi Painting, Peach Blossom Garden, Wonderland Castle, Lotus Creek Hidden Fishing, and Tongyin Tsinghua Axis.

Chou Ying was one of the most representative painters in Ming Dynasty. Together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin, he was called "Ming Sijia", "Four Masters of Wumen" and "Four Masters of Tianmen" by later generations. Shen, Wen and Tang not only won by painting, but also by poetry. As far as painting style is concerned, Tang is close to autumn. In his paintings, Chou Ying usually only writes as few titles and words as possible, so as not to spoil the aesthetic feeling of the picture. Therefore, the history of painting evaluates that he is a fairy who pursues artistic realm.

Chou Ying was a painter, a painter and a painter in his early years. He painted buildings for others. Later, he became famous for Wen Zhiming. Later, Chou Ying made a living by selling paintings. Zhou Chen appreciated his talent and taught him to draw. Chou Ying's copying of the paintings of the Song Dynasty is almost confusing, such as The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Chou Ying's works have a wide range of subjects, and he is good at writing figures, landscapes, cars and boats, pavilions, etc. , especially ladies, and is good at boundary painting.

Chou Ying's paintings are not widely circulated, but Chou Ying's works are mostly models for later generations, and they are all fake works in the market. His works include: Jingu Garden Map, Chunxiao Map of Han Palace, Ink Washing Map of Right Army, Official Tribute Map, Wenxi Back to Han Dynasty, Liutang Fishing Boat Map, Taocun Cottage Map, Shanglin Map, Waterfall View Map, Shi Mei's Father Map, Qiujiang Waiting Map, etc.

Chou Ying is good at painting figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, pavilions and other themes, with beautiful painting methods, ingenious ideas and elegant brushwork. He is skilled and often copied the manuscripts of famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Song People's Atlas and Xiao Zhao Gaozong Fuxing Map. If the former is compared with the original, it is almost difficult to distinguish between true and false. The painting method is mainly inherited from the "courtyard style" painting, green landscape painting and character story painting in Zhao Boju and the Southern Song Dynasty. The image is accurate, exquisite and elegant, the color is bright, the connotation is implicit, the color is elegant and beautiful, and it is integrated into the theme and pen and ink interest advocated by literati painting.

Chou Ying is good at figure painting, especially lady painting. He attached great importance to the description and depiction of historical themes, absorbed the brushwork of Ma and Yuan people in the Southern Song Dynasty, and had a strong brushwork. He is especially good at copying, drawing yellow paper with powder and writing. As for being rich and rich, it is exquisite and elegant, worthy of the ancients. He is especially good at expressing different objects with different strokes, either smooth or long and good at painting. The figures are accurate in modeling, strong in generalization, beautiful in image and smooth in lines. They are different from the long-standing engraving habit and go straight to the Song Dynasty. They had a great influence on the later ladies' paintings in Youqiu, Yu and Qing Dynasty, and became a model of the beauty of ladies' paintings in the times. Later generations commented on his meticulous brushwork, delicate description, high spirits, elegant and smart, and stood out in the Ming Dynasty painting world. Handed down works include Bamboo Forest Map, Xiaochun Map of Han Palace (with pictures as evidence), service map and so on.

Chou Ying's landscape painters Zhao Boju and Liu Songnian developed the tradition of "institutional painting" of Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui in the Southern Song Dynasty, and integrated the advantages of the previous generation, that is, maintaining the neatness and exquisiteness of the classical tradition, and integrating the elegant and fresh taste, forming a new paradigm of work but not plate, research but not sweet. There is also a kind of ink painting, which is transformed from Li Tang style and sometimes painted as a castle, which is particularly fine. I often make a forest map. People, birds and animals, mountains and rivers, Taiwan view, flags and banners, and military looks are all written by ancient sages and sages. After consideration, they can draw the desperate situation of things and win the success of art forests. Zhang Chou commented on the paintings in the workshop: "Rock master Wang Wei, woodcutter Li Cheng, character master Wu, and colorist Zhao Boju, all of whom have made great achievements".

Chou Ying was one of the most representative painters in the Ming Dynasty, and later he was called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin, and also called "Four Masters of Tianmen". Shen, Wen and Tang not only won by painting, but also by poem inscription. As far as painting style is concerned, Tang and autumn are close, and usually only inscriptions are made in paintings. Chou Ying was born in Taicang (now Taicang, Jiangsu) and later moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Born in Ming Wuzong (1509) for about four years, or Ming Hongzhi (1498) for about eleven years, he died in the thirty-first year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (1552).

He was a craftsman, worked as a painter in his early years, painted buildings for people, and later painted them. As a painter at the beginning, he studied painting with Zhou Chen, and he succeeded hard. He is an expert in figure painting and landscape painting. Wen Zhiming praised him as a "wizard" and even Dong Qichang praised him as "the first master in modern times"

When Chou Ying was young, he got to know many famous contemporary artists with his good paintings, and he was highly valued by Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin. He also studied painting from Chen Zhou, and once saw a large number of ancient masterpieces among famous collectors and Saturday viewers, copied and created a large number of fine works. His creative attitude is very serious and meticulous, and every painting is rigorous and meticulous.

Chou Ying's life span is very short, he only lived for more than 40 years.

At first, he was a painter, painting buildings for people. He was ambitious. When Zhou Chen discovered a different talent, he accepted it as a disciple and taught it. He was praised by Wen Zhiming and was famous at that time. It is very hard to copy famous pens in Tang and Song Dynasties, and the traces of imitation can be confused. He is good at drawing characters, especially an official woman. He is not only good at coloring, but also good at ink painting and line drawing. He can use a variety of brushstrokes to express different objects, either beautiful or gorgeous. Ming Lu Hua said, "It is rich in gold, silk and elegance, and it is not ashamed of the ancients." Most of the painted landscapes are turquoise, delicate, bright and vigorous. Dong Qichang called them "Zhao Boju's back, that is, the text () Shen (Zhou) unfinished." I occasionally make flowers and birds, which is also a beautiful enjoyment. In his later years, he visited collectors' items, imitating the famous relics of past dynasties. He, together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin, is also called "Ming Sijia", and he is an outstanding figure in meticulous brushwork in Ming Dynasty. There is a bronze-printed blue picture in the "Three Hundred Paintings of the Forbidden City" handed down from ancient times. The right army book fan axis and Liu Xia sleeping piano axis are now in Shanghai Museum; Atlas of People's Stories and Suixi Fishing Hidden Map are collected in the Palace Museum. Axis of "Yi Dao Map" and "Song Xi Heng Di Map" in Nanjing Museum; The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum; Taoyuan Wonderland is collected in Tianjin Art Museum; Tea Making and Painting is collected in Jilin Provincial Museum; "Qingxi flute map" is collected in Sichuan University Museum; Qiu Jiang Waiting for the Ferry and Fairy Mountain Pavilion are in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The famous female pearl, Ling Du's internal history, is also good at painting. According to the old jade lion's Reading Atlas, we can see that he caressed Li's long scroll "Fairy High Meeting" with the title "Hate the Pearl".

Chou Ying, painter Zhou Chen, gardener, figure, female, but Gree can't catch it. The agent copied, painted yellow paper and put pen to paper. As for hair, jade, gold, silk and silk, they are pure and beautiful and worthy of the ancients. Tasting pictures, figures, birds and animals, mountains and rivers, Taiwan Province, banners and military sights on the forest are all written by ancient sages and famous artists, which can be described as the desperate situation of painting and the grand event of the forest of art. Dong Qichang wrote a picture of his immortal game: "The father is the body of Zhao Boju, that is, the text is endless." Not flattery. You Gongnv, with vivid charm, is the city of meticulous brushwork in Ming Dynasty. In fifteen years (1520), he and Li Lian copied the Picture of the Society and collected it in the Palace Museum.

Chou Ying worked as a painter in his early years, painting buildings for people. Later, he was praised by Wen Zhiming and became famous at that time. Later, Chou Ying made a living by selling paintings. Zhou Chen appreciated his talent and taught him to draw. Chou Ying's copying of the paintings of the Song Dynasty is almost confusing, such as The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Chou Ying's works have a wide range of subjects, and he is good at writing figures, landscapes, cars and boats, pavilions, etc. , especially the pictures of beautiful women, and good at border painting.

When Chou Ying was young, he met many famous contemporary artists with his good paintings, and was highly praised by Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin. Peng Nian, a good friend of Chou Ying, recorded that "Ten continents are not only appreciated by Hengweng (Wen Zhiming)", but also studied painting under Zhou Chenmen. He once saw a large number of ancient masterpieces in Xiang He, a famous collector, and "Saturday Spectator", copied and created a large number of fine works. His creative attitude is very serious and meticulous, and every painting is rigorous and meticulous.

There are not many works of art in Chou Ying, but now Chou Ying's works are hidden in China and major museums around the world, and there are few original works on the market. His works include:

Map of Jingu Garden

Han Gong Chun Xiao

You jun Xi Yan

Official tribute map

Wen Xi GUI Han tu

Liutang fishing boat

Map of Taocun Caotang

On the forest map

Waterfall landscape

A picture of Shi Mei's father, a picture of Chou Ying.

Qiu Jiang waiting to cross the river.

9 songs

Zi Xu Zhi Lin Er Fu Map

Red wall floating map

a utopia

Lu Yu Chao cha tu

Gugaoshan stone map

Pictures of the prince moving bamboo.

Guo Ziyi's birthday celebration.

Repair map

Summer banana shading map

Tong yin Hua Qing tu

Taoyuan Concept Map and so on.

At Changfeng Auction in Chungang in 2009, the transaction price of Chou Ying's "Wen Xi Gui Han" was $65,438+0.10.2 billion. This work is collected by a famous American collector, Mr. C. C. Wang, and it is a rare masterpiece among the works collected by people today. After fierce bidding, it was finally collected by a powerful collector in Hong Kong. In 20 12, Sotheby's in new york held a special auction of ancient China paintings and calligraphy, and put out a piece of Chou Ying's "Elegant Garden in the West" hidden among the people. The auction started at $500 million. After 3 10 rounds of bidding, it was finally sold at a sky-high price of $950 million (about RMB 6 billion), setting a new world record for the auction of Chou Ying paintings. Beijing Hanhai 20 10 held a spring auction at Kerry Center Hotel in Beijing from June 5 to 7, and Chou Ying's "Fushan Warm Cui Tu" was sold for 728 million yuan. As a treasure of green mountains and green waters in Chou Ying, it has been circulated in an orderly way and recorded clearly. Once collected from overseas and returned to China, it attracted the attention of Tibetan areas. At the auction site, Chou Ying's "Fu Shan Wen Cui Tu" started at 350 million yuan, and after several rounds of high price increases of tens of millions, it quickly rose to 500 million yuan. At this time, the competition mainly focused on two or three collectors in the venue. The bidding price was tight, and the audience's eyes moved back and forth with the collectors' placards. In the end, after dozens of rounds of bidding, Chou Ying's "Floating Mountain Warm Cui Tu" was sold for 728 million yuan. According to industry insiders, if Chou Ying's "Red Cliff Map" is auctioned again, the valuation will exceed 654.38+0 billion, and the final transaction price may reach 3 billion yuan.

Chou Ying, an artistic painter, is good at figure painting, especially female figure painting. He attached great importance to the description and depiction of historical themes, and absorbed the brushwork of Ma and Yuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was strong in brushwork, especially good at copying, drawing yellow paper with pastels, and putting pen to paper in chaos. As for being rich and rich, it is exquisite and elegant, worthy of the ancients. He is especially good at expressing different objects with different strokes, either smooth or long and good at painting. The figures are accurate in modeling, strong in generalization, beautiful in image and smooth in lines. They are different from the old lettering habits and go straight to the Song Dynasty. They had a great influence on the later ladies' paintings in Youqiu, Yu and Qing Dynasty, and became a model of the beauty of ladies' paintings in the times. Later generations commented on his neat brushwork, delicate description, high spirits, exquisiteness and elegance, which made him outstanding in the Ming Dynasty. Excellent works include Story Map of People, Spring Dawn Map of Han Palace, Service Map, etc.

Chou Ying's landscape paintings learn from Zhao Boju and Liu Songnian, develop the tradition of "courtyard painting" of Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui in the Southern Song Dynasty, and integrate the strengths of the previous generation, that is, maintain the neatness and beauty of the classical tradition, and blend in the elegant and fresh taste, forming a new paradigm of work without rigidity and research without sweetness. There is also an ink painting, which is transformed from Li Tang style, and sometimes painted as a castle, which is particularly fine. I often make a forest map. People, birds and animals, mountains and rivers, Taiwan view, flags and banners, and military looks are all written by ancient sages and sages. After consideration, they can draw the desperate situation of things and win the success of art forests. Zhang Chou commented in "Shu Hua Square in He Qing" that his paintings are "rock master Wang Wei, woodcutter Li Cheng, figure master Wu and colorist Zhao Boju, each taking his own strengths and achieving miraculous results".

Chou Ying once wrote "Guo Ziyi Birthday Picture", which is a silk book with meticulous brushwork, depicting Guo Ziyi's birthday picture. It is extremely rare in Paintings of Ming Dynasty because of its grand scenes and numerous characters. The paintings of Zhongshan, Siheyuan, pommel horse, rocks and flowers in Taiwan Province are exquisite and complicated, especially the figures are fluent and vivid. Although this work didn't see the last paragraph, no matter from the silk material, pigment and style,

There are few works in circulation in Chou Ying, of which only 23 remain in the Shanghai Museum. The most representative work is "Jiange Tu", which was copied by collectors in their later years. In the picture, the mountain is dangerous, the cliff stands like a crack, and the momentum is unrestrained. People walk along the mountainside, either hidden or present, vividly depicting the difficult trip of Shu Road. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a rich collection. The most representative book "People's Scenery" is a picture of a lady with strong colors. There are ten pages in all, and each page describes ancient historical figures and myths and legends. Among them, "Bamboo Yard Pingu", with characters' clothing lines, a slight war (trembling) pen, imitates Zhou Wenju's method. There are several paintings, such as Jin, Pipaxing and Chu Sai. The lines of clothes are also used as the leaves of orchids, and the layout, structure, trees and stones are all imitated by horses. Two paintings, Little Makeup of a Lady and Blowing a Flute to Attract a Phoenix, show the makeup of a lady in the Tang Dynasty with beautiful images, and draw delicate and smooth lines on her clothes. The painting method developed from the traditions of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. However, there are few original flower-and-bird paintings handed down from generation to generation. There is a scattered double-hooked orchid in the Forbidden City, which is almost an orphan. Other museums in China also have collections of works, such as Taoyuan Wonderland collected by Tianjin Museum. The beautiful and tranquil scenery of mountains and rivers is dotted with people, which adds the wonderful meaning of the scenery.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Chou Ying in the Ming Dynasty depicts the lively life and folk customs of Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty with thick green meticulous brushwork. This painting is 9.87 meters long and 0.3 meters high, and there are more than 2,000 words in it. Tianping Mountain, Canal and Ancient City Wall. At that time, the landmark buildings in Suzhou were clearly identifiable, and the whole picture was beautiful.

The enemy version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been circulated in an orderly way. Although its artistic appreciation and research value is not as good as Zhang Zeduan's Song version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it is a masterpiece copied from the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in past dynasties. According to experts' analysis, when Chou Ying created The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he probably referred to Zhang Zeduan's composition form, but the details such as tea shop, mounting shop and dyeing house reflected the unique life feelings of Jiangnan water town, including the artist's own style.

During 1945, when the puppet Manchukuo Puyi escaped, many cultural relics including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival were abandoned at Shenyang Airport. 1950 There are three pictures of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which were sent to Northeast Museum, the predecessor of Liaoning Provincial Museum. The appraiser Yang not only found the original picture of Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but also found the enemy picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which appeared in the name of Chou Ying, has two original works in Qing Dynasty. The original work of Bao Li in Shiqu is the Zhonghua Palace, with the inscription "Wu Menqiu Shi Ying's father copied Zhang Songze's pen", and this one was written by Bao Li in Shiqu. Chou Ying, like Zhang Zeduan, also showed a prosperous life and folk customs in his Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, with a grand scene. The picture truly describes the different scenes of suburbs, urban areas and Miyagi during the Qingming Festival. There are desolate suburbs and bustling urban areas; There are thatched cottages, quiet field paths and elegant and gorgeous Miyagi in the countryside; There are scenes where dignitaries enjoy themselves in the court, and there are also scenes where farmers work hard in the fields. There are 20 12 people in the picture, as well as a large number of cars, boats and animals. The characters are not all inches, but they vividly show their identities and expressions. Although this painting is called copying, the structure of the house and the costumes of the characters have clearly shown the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty, which truly shows us the economic, political, cultural, military, folk and other social conditions in the Jiangnan area of the Ming Dynasty. It provides reliable data for us to study the history of the Ming Dynasty. This painting itself is a rare masterpiece of genre painting.

According to experts' analysis, when Chou Ying created The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he probably referred to Zhang Zeduan's composition form, but the details such as tea shop, mounting shop and dyeing house reflected the unique life feelings of Jiangnan water town, including the artist's own style. Although its artistic appreciation research value is not as good as Zhang Zeduan's Song version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it is a masterpiece in the manuscripts of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

Artistic Style Chou Ying is good at painting figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, pavilions and pavilions, especially at copying. His skills are exquisite, and most of his manuscripts are imitations of famous writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Song People's Atlas and Xiao Zhao Gaozong Fuxing Map. If the former is compared with the original, it is almost difficult to distinguish between true and false. The painting method is mainly inherited from the "courtyard style" painting, green landscape painting and character story painting in Zhao Boju and the Southern Song Dynasty. The image is accurate, exquisite and elegant, the color is bright, the connotation is implicit, the color is elegant and beautiful, and it is integrated into the theme and pen and ink interest advocated by literati painting.

Chou Ying is good at figure painting, especially lady painting. He attached great importance to the description and depiction of historical themes, absorbed the brushwork of Ma and Yuan people in the Southern Song Dynasty, and had a strong brushwork. He is especially good at copying, drawing yellow paper with powder and writing. As for being rich and rich, it is exquisite and elegant, worthy of the ancients. He is especially good at expressing different objects with different strokes, either smooth or long and good at painting. The figures are accurate in modeling, strong in generalization, beautiful in image and smooth in lines, which directly enter the poets' rooms, and have a great influence on the later ladies' paintings in Youqiu, Yu and Qing Dynasty, becoming a model of the beauty of ladies' paintings in the times. Later generations commented on his meticulous brushwork, delicate description, vivid expression, exquisite elegance, and he was an outstanding figure in the Ming Dynasty. Excellent works include Story Map of People, Spring Dawn Map of Han Palace, Service Map, etc.

There are few works in circulation in Chou Ying, of which only 23 remain in the Shanghai Museum. The most representative masterpiece Jian Ge Tu was copied by the collector Xiang in his later years. Even the mountains are dangerous, the cliffs stand like cracks, and the momentum is unrestrained. People walk along the mountainside, either hidden or present, vividly depicting the difficulty of traveling along the Shu Road. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a rich collection. The most representative book "People's Scenery" is a picture of a lady with strong colors. There are ten pages in all, and each page describes ancient historical figures and myths and legends.

Among them, "Bamboo Yard Pingu", with characters' clothing lines, a slight war (trembling) pen, imitates Zhou Wenju's method. There are several paintings, such as Jin, Pipaxing and Chu Sai. The lines of clothes are also used as the leaves of orchids, and the layout, structure, trees and stones are all imitated by horses. Two paintings, Little Makeup of a Lady and Blowing a Flute to Attract a Phoenix, show the makeup of a lady in the Tang Dynasty with beautiful images, and draw delicate and smooth lines on her clothes. The painting method developed from the traditions of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. However, there are few original flower-and-bird paintings handed down from generation to generation. There is a scattered page of "Double Hook Orchid" in the Forbidden City, which is almost an orphan. Other museums in China also have collections of works, such as Taoyuan Wonderland collected by Tianjin Museum. The beautiful and tranquil scenery of mountains and rivers is dotted with people, which adds the wonderful meaning of the scenery.