Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 ~ 154—— about 2 15~2 19) was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang County, Eastern Han Dynasty (now dengzhou city, Henan Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous doctor was honored as a medical saint by later generations and one of the five saints in Nanyang.
Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The established principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM. In the aspect of prescription science, Treatise on Febrile Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The therapeutic principle of differentiation of six meridians established by him has been highly praised by doctors in past dynasties.
This is the first medical monograph in China to establish the law of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine, and it is a necessary classic work for later scholars to study Chinese medicine, which has been widely valued by medical students and clinicians.
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Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 ~ 154—— about 2 15 ~ 2 19), a famous machine, was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang County, Han nationality (now dengzhou city and zhenping county, Henan Province), a great physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first classic work in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was regarded as a "medical saint" and even a temple dedicated to incense. Zhang Zhongjing was born on the 18th day of the first month of 150 and died in February19 at the age of 69. He was born in a declining bureaucratic family, and his father Zhang was an official in North Korea. Because of his special family conditions, he has been exposed to many classics since he was a child. He saw the story of Bian Que's visit to Qi Huangong from the history books, and he admired Bian Que, which laid the foundation for him to become a generation of famous doctors. When Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was in filial piety, he served as the magistrate of Changsha. Throughout his life, he diligently sought the ancient method, learned from others, collected the achievements of his predecessors and the essence of four generations, and wrote the immortal medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. This medical book integrates theory, method, prescription and medicine in one furnace, which is the first in syndrome differentiation and treatment, and forms China's unique medical thought system, which has played a great role in promoting the development of medicine in later generations.
He likes medicine since he was a child. "Read a lot of books and concentrate on Taoism." When he was ten years old, he had read many books, especially books about medicine. He Qing, a fellow countryman, admired his cleverness and specialty. He once said to him, "You will be a good doctor if you use your heart and don't rhyme well" (Biography of He Qing). Later, Zhang Zhongjing really became a good doctor, and was called "the sage of medicine and the ancestor of prescription science". Of course, this is related to his "using the essence of thinking", but it is mainly the result of his love for the medical profession and his good at "assiduous pursuit of ancient methods and learning from others".
When I was young, I studied medicine in the same county town as Zhang Bozu. After years of hard study and clinical practice, he became an outstanding doctor in the medical history of China.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was in turmoil, fighting for years, "the people abandoned agriculture", and most of the urban granges became wilderness, and the people were displaced and hungry. Plague broke out in various places, especially in Luoyang, Nanyang and Huiji (Shaoxing). "Every family has the pain of zombies, and every family has the sorrow of wailing;" Zhang Zhongjing's family is no exception. Zhang Zhongjing witnessed this sad scene.
According to records, since the first year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 196), two-thirds of people died of infectious diseases in ten years, of which typhoid accounted for 70%. "The loss before feeling is hopeless" (Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). Therefore, he worked hard to study medicine and determined to be a doctor who can relieve people's suffering. "In order to cure the diseases of your relatives, to save the poor, to protect your health, and to support your life" (Preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). Later physicians called Zhang Zhongjing a "medical sage" and regarded Treatise on Febrile Diseases as a medical classic (it was divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber after Tang and Song Dynasties). From the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the present, 1600 has been a must-read classic for learning Chinese medicine for more than 600 years.
At that time, there was a man in his family named Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor. Zhang Zhongjing went to worship him as a teacher in order to study medicine. Seeing that he was smart and eager to learn, Zhang Bozu taught him his medical knowledge and skills without reservation, but Zhang Zhongjing actually passed it on. He Qing once praised in the book Xiangyang Fu Zhi: "Zhongjing's skill is better than Bozu's".
There is a passage in the preface of Treatise on Febrile Diseases: "From the top, we can cure the diseases of our loved ones, from the bottom, we can save the poor and humble, and from this, we can maintain the overall growth and health", which shows that Zhongjing's benevolence as a medical saint is respected as a "medical sage" by later generations.
The principle of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" he founded is a bright pearl in the great treasure house of Chinese medicine, which makes Chinese medicine unique among the nations in the world. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhang Zhongjing's works have spread overseas and enjoyed a high reputation in the world medical field. Since the Jin Dynasty, 1700 Chinese and foreign scholars have compiled, annotated, studied and developed Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which is also rare in world history. Zhang Zhongjing is one of the most outstanding scientists in the long history of Chinese civilization. His theory has cultivated generations of famous doctors and made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation, and "it will still be more brilliant after thousands of years."
Zhang Zhongjing's hometown is Nieyang, Nanyang County (now Gedong Town, dengzhou city, Nanyang, Henan Province). People spontaneously came to Nanyang Medical Holy Land to commemorate and pay their respects. The folk worship of Zhang Zhongjing in Nanyang has continued since the Han Dynasty. "Sacrificing to the medical sage", "folding paper for medical treatment", "touching sheep's head" and "receiving holy water" are the main sacrificial activities of the masses, and this folk activity will last for three days. Zhang Zhongjing's sacrificial activities have been selected as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Henan Province.
Zhang Zhongjing's tomb is located in Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). Zhongjing's tomb is well preserved and has become a place for people to pay homage.
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The legendary story of Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing is an official who likes to treat people. His lobby is not as difficult as other lobbies, but it is crowded on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wars were frequent and epidemics raged. Many people get sick, but because they can't get timely treatment, their condition deteriorates and they can only wait for death. Zhang Zhongjing is very sad to see this situation.
Zhang Zhongjing is a hereditary Changsha satrap. He didn't like being an official since he was a child, and he didn't have the demeanor of being an official. His medical skills spread widely, but in feudal times, people could not easily contact officials, and officials could not casually enter people's homes. So Zhang Zhongjing opened a clinic at home when he was not at work, but the number was relatively small. The progress of doctors' medical skills is inseparable from a large number of cases. Only by constantly contacting patients and seeing different situations can we accumulate our own experience.
Later, Zhang Zhongjing came up with an idea He used the yamen lobby as a clinic and posted notices. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the prefect opened the lobby to treat guests. In the past two days, he only treated diseases and did not ask political affairs. After the news was published, it caused a sensation in Changsha and even the whole country. On the first day of junior high school, he sat straight in the lobby and people came in one after another. He inquired about the patients' condition carefully and then gave them medicine. For a time, he saved countless lives and the people supported him more. In this way, Zhang Zhongjing's reputation of sitting on the ground on the fifteenth day of the first month spread, and people admired him even more.
Later, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month became a routine. On this day, people from all over the country gathered at the entrance of Yamen to see a doctor, and some even came with luggage. People call him "sitting a doctor" in memory of Zhang Zhongjing.