In March of the fifty-first year of Kangxi, four or three people died in the prison of punishments. Du Jun received orders from Hong Dong and said, "This epidemic is also a disaster. Today is a smooth day, and there are still few dead people. There are dozens of people in the past. " I knocked at the door. Du Jun said, "Illness is contagious. Even though jackals are relatives, they dare not lie down together. In the prison, there are four old wardens and five wardens, and no one is allowed to live in the center. The front of the prison is bright, and the house has a window that can touch the air. There is nothing in the four rooms next door, but there are often more than 200 prisoners. Every dusk, the key to lowering the tube, the combination of vector and drowning, is thin with diet. In the dead of winter, the poor people lie on the floor, and the spring water is pneumatic and rarely infected. In the middle of the night, the living and the dead lay side by side, and there was nowhere to escape, so many people were infected. I also blame thieves for accumulating thieves, killing people in prison, and being extremely proud, or dying with them, it is better to implicate the evidence law lightly. " Yu Yue said, "The capital has a Jing Zhao supervisor, and there are five imperial departments in the city. Why are there so many prisoners in the punishments department? " Du Jun said: "When you were in prison, your feelings were a little heavy, and Jing Zhao and Wu Cheng dared not be arbitrary; Another nine magistrates visited and made corrections, all of which were returned to the Ministry of Punishment; And the officials and assistants of the Fourteenth Division, the scribes, prison officers and jailers, are all beneficial to many people and have few contacts, so they will be connected in many ways. When you go to prison, don't ask whether you are guilty or not, you must arm your hands and feet and put them in an old prison, so that you can't stand the pain, and then you can get bail and go out to live, measure all your family's belongings, and divide the officials. Those above middle school have exhausted their capital and got a guarantor; Secondly, it costs tens of dollars to get rid of machinery and live in a board house outside the prison; However, if you are extremely poor and helpless, the mechanical system will not be a little wider, and the rest are standard warnings. Still in the same department, the guilty ones are out, and the innocent ones are poisoned. Accumulate worry and anger, sleep and eat against the festival, get sick without medicine, so often die. " Jade operator sees virtue, and is holy. Every word in prison must find its life in death, and so must innocent people. As the saying goes, "Different people have different opinions": In addition to the death penalty and traffic jams, people who have committed serious crimes without proper involvement should not be detained and their hands and feet should not be armed. Can all the work be counted? Or: "Room 5 of the old prison is called the current prison, and all the people who have not finished the lawsuit live in it. Quoting old classics is a small supplement. Du Jun said, "Thank you. Every official lives in a wooden house. Nowadays, the poor are transferred to the old prison, while the thief has a home. This can be said in detail! If you don't buy another one, it's the way to unplug it. "I am a countryman Zhu Weng. I have been a monk in prison all my life and died of an epidemic disease. I should not be severely punished. Another family sued his son for unfilial, and his neighbors were sent to the old prison and called for help. I felt a little confused. Du Jun said the same thing, so he wrote a book.

Where the death penalty prison, the executioner first outside the door, let its party into the property, known as "Slo." The rich are relatives, and the poor speak to their faces. His capital punishment said, "Follow me, that is, stab him in the heart first; Otherwise, the limbs will be exhausted and the heart will not die. " He twisted and said, "follow me and I will die at the beginning;" Otherwise, Sanju will add other weapons and die. " It's unnecessary to have only the great king, but it's still the first. With this, the rich get a hundred dollars, and the poor have no clothes; If there is nothing, just deal with it as said. The same is true of people who are bound. This is not as good as they want. When they are bound, they break their bones first. Every year, the big decisions, hook 14, 13, leave 16, 17, are tied to the western market for later use. It hurts people who are bound, that is, they are lucky enough to stay. If they are ill for a few months, they will become chronic diseases, or they will become chronic diseases. I tasted Lao Xu and asked Yan: "He is a prisoner and a prisoner, not an enemy, and he is a lover; If there is no fruit, it will be slightly wider in the end. Is it heartless? " Yue: "In addition to discipline, punishment is followed by legislation; If not, people are lucky. " So is the master. Yu Tong arrested three people with wooden information: one person gave 30 gold, had a slight bone injury and was ill for one month; One person doubles, hurts the skin, and recovers in ten days; One person is six times, that is, walking at night is as usual. Or knock: "sinners are all the same. Since they all have their own income, why should the amount be poor?" Said, "If there is no difference, who gives more?" Mencius said, "Don't be careless." Nobuo!

The old professional in the Ministry keeps a fake seal at home. The document is straightforward and easy to learn, and the number of words has increased and decreased, which is confusing for practitioners. It heard about the transfer of ministries, but it dared not. Order: if the thief has not killed anyone and colluded with many people, order one or two of the masterminds to make a decision; After the autumn exam, I was demoted and assigned. In prison, if there is a decision, the executioner will be outside the door first. Life, then tie out, unruly. There is a Guan Gongcang named Ge, and the law must be determined. Prison equipment is missing. Xu said, "Give me 1000 yuan if I am alive." He knocked on his skill and said, "There is no difficulty. Different from this chapter. Prison is not easy. At the end of the case, two single people without relatives will change their names, and only when the case is closed will they change. " His colleague said: "Those who can fool the dead but can't fool the Lord, if we invite them again, they will lose their physiology." Xu smiled and said, "If you invite us again, we will lose our physiology and the leaders will go away. If they can't change officials with their lives, then we will die. " In fact, at the end of the case, the two made a decision. Master swears with his mouth and tongue, but he never dares to swear. When I was in prison, I met a surname. The crowd in the prison pointed out, "Someone changed their heads with whom." One night Xu died suddenly, and everyone thought it was a ghost.

Anyone who kills without a plan or reason in prison is spared death after the autumn trial. Officials use ingenious methods. Those who have Guo Si and killed four people will be forgiven as soon as they meet. Will go out, Tian and his disciples buy wine and sing loudly. Or knock on the past and elaborate one by one, if you are proud of yourself. Hey! There is no responsibility for evil officials to endure imprisonment; And the way is unknown, good officials also take off people's death for work, and don't ask for mercy, and their waste of employment is also very embarrassing!

The traitor has been in prison for a long time, and he envies the death of his profession. A man surnamed Li can earn hundreds of dollars a year for murder and imprisonment. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, he was pardoned. Lived for several months, indifferent, doing nothing. There are murderers in their hometown, so they have a responsibility. If the law is not used to kill people, it will last for a long time and be a dead end. Fifty-one years later, I was relieved of my post and sighed, "I can't come back!" " "So, for example, the garrison moved to tianfu to wait. When Fang stopped sending in winter, he asked to be sent to prison in spring, and many times, he was not invited and came out disappointed.

"Miscellaneous Notes" is a miscellaneous style in ancient prose, which records experiences based on events. This article is a famous Miscellaneous Notes, with rich and complicated materials and many characters. The author is good at choosing typical cases to describe emphatically, which is "miscellaneous" and orderly, with prominent center. If measured by Fang Bao's ancient prose "righteousness", rich materials are "righteousness", that is, "words have substance"; Orderly narration is "law", that is, "orderly speech" article records the facts in prison, and makes a cold and profound discussion in shocking narration.

The full text can be divided into five parts. The first paragraph, from the beginning to "all people who are indifferent and implicated in the evidence law are behind", describes the epidemic situation of the plague in the prison of the Ministry of Justice and exposes the root of the plague; The second paragraph, from "Yu Ri" to "Su Shu", describes the reasons why there are so many prisoners in the prison of punishments, and exposes the crime of cheating money by prison officials of punishments; The third paragraph, from "the place where the death penalty goes to prison" to "the faithful husband", describes the ruthlessness of the executioner, the main binder and the principal offender, and exposes the shady situation of extortion in the prison of the Ministry of Justice; In the fourth paragraph, from "the old petty official in the Ministry" to "everyone thinks it's a ghost", it is written that petty officials indulge the principal offender and kill the innocent, and those in power dare not pursue it, exposing the darkness and corruption of the Qing judicial institutions; The fifth paragraph, from "Who Killed" to the end, describes petty officials, jailers colluding with criminals and traitors cheating, revealing that the prison of punishments has become a place for murderers to have fun and seek money.

This article mainly reveals the following facts:

First, the wages of prison guards and jailers are meager.

Prison guards only had six taels of food and work every year, which was only enough for a family of four to stutter for a month according to the living standards of ordinary civilians at that time. This is still a registered jailer, and the unregistered one is even lower. Although their income is so low, most of them still come to the county government to be policemen through various connections (jailers usually come in illegally and fail to pass the imperial examination, so their cultural quality cannot be guaranteed). They mainly rely on mountains to eat mountains.

Second, the plague prevailed in prison, and the dead slept together.

At night, the dead and the living meet and lie down, unable to turn over, so that the plague spreads more and more. Thieves who commit crimes, kill people and imprison prisoners for many times are full of vitality, and because they are psychologically prepared and stable, they are difficult to be infected. Those who died side by side, "those who were heavily implicated in the corroboration law", were those who were imprisoned for minor crimes and those who were arrested for being implicated as witnesses who did not break the law. Those who are implicated and arrested as witnesses are wronged, and they are worried about their relatives at home. Their mental breakdown, rapid decline in immunity, plague, the most vulnerable to infection.

Third, extort money by hook or by crook and pervert the law.

In order to increase the number of people extorting money, prison officials tried their best to implicate them and arrested all those who were slightly involved in the case. "If you don't ask for guilt, you will arm your brothers and set up an old prison so that you can't suffer, and then you will be guaranteed." They tortured these innocent people to the point where they couldn't bear to call for help, then induced them to pay a large deposit, and once they paid it, they divided it, and then tortured the poor who had no money to find a guarantor to warn those who didn't want to pay. The result is that "those who are guilty come out, those who are light and innocent are poisoned by them, accumulate anxiety and anger, sleep and eat instead of abstinence, get sick without medicine, so they often die." As long as the criminal has the money to find a guarantor, he is at large outside the prison, and many people involved and witnesses are tortured to death.

"Money makes the mare go." The prisoners were tied together. If they have no money to bribe, being tied up will break their bones and muscles and even cause lifelong disability. Both of them were tortured by boards and sticks, but due to the huge difference in the amount of bribes, the consequences of injuries were also very different: "One person gave 320 gold, his bones were slightly injured, and he was ill for several months; One person doubles, hurts the skin, and recovers in ten days; One person six times, that is, go as usual at night. " Therefore, the article shows the mentality of ordinary people "dying without complaining".

Fourth, steal pillars from condemned prisoners.

What shocked the author most was that prison officials could even steal pillars from condemned prisoners if they were willing to pay a large sum of money. A jailer said to a corrupt official who was sentenced to death, "Give me your daughter and I will let you live!" " "Asked the corrupt official." How did you keep me alive? The jailer said, it's not difficult! Before the verdict is over, I will rename the bachelor who has no relatives and family members among the accomplices with you! " Corrupt officials asked, "aren't you afraid of being discovered by your superiors afterwards?" "The jailer said," If I find out, I will definitely be executed, but I will also stop the officials in charge of leadership. They can't bear to part with their jobs, so they have to knock out their teeth and swallow them. They secretly complain, dare not make any noise, and my life will naturally be saved. "Prison guards and jailers run amok, and their tyrannical arrogance is beyond ordinary people's imagination.

Fang Bao showed the readers the cruel and tyrannical features of the jailer and the jailer through a lot of what he saw and heard in the prison, exposed all kinds of shady scenes in the prison at the foot of the emperor, the arbitrary arrest and wrongful death of the people in prison, and the facts of extortion, bribery, perverting the law and judging, and disregard for human life, which reflected the corruption and terror of the judicial institutions in feudal autocratic countries.