I don't know Guo Tuo's name. There are five kinds of camels: sick, prostrate, prostrate and prostrate, which are called "camels" in their hometown. The camel listened and said, "Very good. Name 6 I am real 6. " Because of its name, it also calls itself "camel" cloud.
Its hometown is Fengle Township, to the west of Chang 'an. Camel industry is planting trees, and rich people in Chang 'an are eager to take care of them for sightseeing and sell fruits (1 1). Trees planted by camels, or (12) migration (13), are all alive; And strong and luxuriant (14), early and solid (15). Although his (16) growers (17) looked at him with admiration (18), Mo (20) could do it.
When asked, he said, "Camels can not only prolong the life of trees and reproduce (2 1), but also adapt to the day (23) of trees (22) to make them sexually (24) and sexually (25). Where the nature of planting trees is (26), its (27) essence (28) wants to be suitable (29), its cultivation (30) wants to be flat, its soil wants to be old (3 1) and its buildings (32) want to be dense (33). Now that it's (34), don't move, don't rush (35), and don't look back. If (37) is also a child (38), if (39) is abandoned (40), it is all (4 1), and its gender is (42). So, I don't harm (43) its long, I have to be able to recognize (44); It's just that (45) it's impossible to get rich (46) early (47) if you don't control consumption. Others are not. Root boxing (48) and soil change (49), its (50) training, if not too much, is better. If you (52) have the ability to be opposite to (53), you will love it (54) and worry too much. When I looked at it, I stroked it, but I had already left, looking back. What's more, the skin of the claw (56) can be used to test (57) its health and dryness, its essence (58) can be shaken to see its density, and the wood property (59) is in the distance (60). Although you love it, it is actually harmful; Although I am worried about (6 1), I actually hate (62); Therefore, if I don't (63) also. What can I do? "
The questioner said, "Is it possible to transfer the official principle through children?" The camel said, "I only know how to plant trees. It's none of my business. However, I live in my hometown, and those who are kind to others (65) are angry with their orders (66). If they are very sympathetic (67), they will die in disaster (68). When an official arrives at dusk, he shouts,' The official order urges you to plow (69), sow (70), harvest (7 1), weave early (72), weave early (73), word (74), baby, hence (75). Gather the drums and hit the wood (77). My little man (78) has dropped out of school (79) to work (80) to be an official (8 1) and has no leisure (82). How can he indulge my life (83) and be safe (84) (85)? Therefore, he is sick (86) and lazy (87). If so, is it similar to our company's (88)? "
The questioner said, "Hey, you are not a good husband (89)! I asked about raising trees, and I want to raise people. " Chuan (90) thought it was an official ring (9 1).
[Note and release]
1 beginning: the beginning, originally. ② Curling (1 ≤): back bending. 3 Long Ran: High above. 4 Squat down: Walk with your back bent. ⑤ Class: Similar. 6 name: name, noun as verb. ⑦ Dang: It really fits. It's really strong. 8 karma: take ... as a profession and use ruyi verbs as nouns. 9 Sightseeing: build a sightseeing garden. (10) Fruit seller: a person who sells fruits for profit. (1 1) Strive for face-to-face adoption: Strive for face-to-face employment. (12) or: that is, even if. (13) migration: transplantation. (14) shuomao: tall and lush. (15) Early results: Early results and more. Only when real and nouns are used as verbs can they bear fruit. Yes, and ... Fan, a lot. (16) He: Others. (17) Although: Even if. (18) Spy: secretly observing. (19) Efficiency: The compound word is on the right side, meaning "efficiency (imitation)". (20) Mo: Nobody. (2 1) longevity fruit (zο): Long life and flourishing leaves. Reproduction, growth and reproduction. (22) wood: tree. (23) Days: Nature refers to the law of natural growth. (24) Causality: fully develop its sexuality. To, through "to", extremely, do. Here, we use causative verbs flexibly to achieve, embody and develop. As far as possible. Yaner: That's it. (26) Nature of planting trees: methods of planting trees. Sex, nature and method. (27) it: that. (28) Ben: Root. (29) Shu: Stretch. (30) cultivation: adding soil to the roots of plants. (3 1) Therefore, the old refers to the soil where the seedlings were first cultivated. (32) Building: pestle for tamping soil, used here as a verb, tamping soil. (33) dense: strong. Now that it's done. Yes, it has already started. Sure, like this. Yes, it's connected. (35) worry: worry, miss. (36) application: planting and transplanting. (37) it: you (38) Ruozi: Like a child. (39) Standby, that is, after planting. If you abandon it, treat it as you have abandoned it. (4 1) All: Save. Adjectives are used as verbs. (42) Yes, it can be achieved. (43) harm: hinder. (44) Speaking of Cats: Adjectives as verbs make ... grow tall and lush. (45) Restrain consumption: in fact, it is to restrain consumption of its fruits. (46) Early: Adjectives are used as verbs to bring ... forward. (47) Fan: Adjectives are added as verbs. (48) Make a fist, with the fist bent and unable to stretch. (49) Simple: replacement. (50) them. (5 1) If not, then: If not, then. (52) if. (53) Reverse: Contrary to this (practice). Yes, here it is. (54) One: structural auxiliary words, get. (55) En: Affectionate, here refers to the heart. (56) claw: nouns are verbs, and nails are used to pick them. (57) Inspection: inspection and inspection. Ben: suitcase. (59) and: so. The nature of wood is getting away from it day by day: it deviates from its nature day by day. Belt, structural auxiliary, ground. (6 1) worry: worry. (62) Hatred: Nouns use wishful verbs to treat ... as enemies. (63) If I don't have it, it means "If I don't have it", which is better than me. (64) The way to be an official: to be an official and to govern the people. Truth, rules, rules. (65) Long (zh ǐ ng) people: officials. Dragon, cure. Americans, Americans and ordinary people. (66) annoyance: unblocking the collaterals. This is a verb that diversifies. (67) pity: pity. (68) Die of misfortune: omit "die of misfortune". Eventually caused them a disaster. Pawn, finally. (69) er: you. (70) Tzu Chi: You are encouraged to plant. Well, encourage. (7 1) Harvest: Harvest. (72) early reeling (sāo) and thread: let you cook cocoons early and spin them early. Soak cocoon in hot water to extract silk. Also, by "uh", you. Thread, silk clue. (73) jack-o'-lantern: line. (74) word: parenting. (75) Sui: Cheng, here refers to raising children. (76) Chickens and dolphins: Chickens and pigs, here referring to poultry and livestock. (77) Wood: Bangzi. (78) My villain: our king. (79) abstain from eating (sūn) and (yūng). Dinner. Li, have breakfast. (80) With: structural auxiliary word, used between adverbial and head word, can be translated as "lai". (8 1) L: reception, hospitality. No time: I am too busy. Leisure, leisure. Fan My Life: Let's thrive. Fan, multiply ... Pay attention to safety: save our lives. Yeah: So what? (86) Disease: poverty. (87) Laziness: exhaustion. (88) it: probably Isn't it ... Husband: Isn't it ... (90) Zhu An: Record. (9 1) Ideological official precept: the omission of "taking it as an official precept". The ring conveys the "precepts"
[translated text]
Guo Tuo, I don't know what his original name is. He has a hunchback due to illness, with a high back and a hunchback, just like a camel, so people in the village call him "camel". Hearing this, he said, "Wonderful, it's really appropriate to call me that." So he abandoned his original name and called himself "camel".
His hometown is Fengle Township, west of Chang 'an. Camel planting trees is its occupation. All the rich people in Chang 'an who build ornamental gardens and deal in fruits rushed to meet and hire him. (Because they) saw the trees planted by Camel Guo, even if transplanted, none of them survived. They all grew tall and lush, bearing early and many fruits. No other tree planter can catch up with him, even if he secretly checks and imitates.
When someone asked Guo Tuo, he replied, "My Guo Tuo didn't make trees live long and multiply much! (I just) can conform to the natural law of tree growth and make its nature fully developed. In short, the law of planting trees is that the roots should be stretched and the cultivated soil should be uniform; The soil used should be cooked, and the soil should be built with porcelain. After you do this, don't move, don't miss it, and leave it alone. Be as careful as a child when you plant it, and it will be like something discarded after you plant it. Then its nature can be preserved and its nature can develop smoothly. So I just don't hinder their growth and make them tall and lush; It just didn't inhibit the loss of its fruit, and didn't let it bear more fruits early.
Other people who plant trees are not like this. When planting trees, the roots are bent and the soil is newly changed. When they fertilize trees, they either exceed the standard or fail to meet the requirements. If there are people who do the opposite, they love too much and worry too much. Look at it in the morning and touch it at night. I've already left. Come back and have a look. What's more, dig the bark with nails to test its life and death, and shake the trunk to see if it is planted with porcelain. So the tree deviates from its nature day by day. Although I love it, I actually hurt it; Although I am worried about it, I actually regard it as an enemy, so (the trees of these races) are not as good as me. Actually, what can I do? "
The person who asked said, "Can you transfer this principle of planting trees to serving the officials and the people?" Guo said to him, "I only know how to plant trees. Governing the people is not my profession. However, living in a village, I often see officials like to issue decrees frequently. It seems that I care about the people, but I hurt them. Sooner or later, when officials come, they shout,' The government has an order to urge you to plant, to urge you to plant, to urge you to harvest, to reel silk as soon as possible, to raise children, and to raise poultry and livestock'. One minute drums bring people together, and the other minute bangzi brings people together. When our king eats, he always puts down his bowl to receive the chief, but he is still too busy. How can we increase production and live and work in peace? Therefore, the people are both bitter and tired. Isn't there any similarity between this method of governing the people and the method of planting trees by my peers? "
The questioner smiled and said, "Oh, isn't that great?" ! I asked how to plant trees, but I heard the way to govern the people. "So I recorded it as a warning to officials.
[Appreciation]
Mr. Lu Xun said that the biography of planting trees and camels is "fantasy for the text" and "fable-based". Like the characters in Zhuangzi's fables, Guo Tuo is not necessarily a real person. The author doesn't want to make a biography for Guo Tuo, but uses Guo Tuo's way of planting trees and being an official to express his political views on the disadvantages of reform among fictional characters.
This article, called Biography, actually uses the characters' language to illustrate the author's view of governing the people. Therefore, the article does not describe Guo Tuo's life or events in detail, but only describes his superb tree planting skills, introduces his tree planting methods in detail, and criticizes those "other growers" who violate the nature of trees. There are two kinds of "other growers" criticized by Guo Tuo. One is carelessness, that is, "roots are fists, soil is easy." It is also cultivated. If it is not too much, it will not be so good. "One is a person who loves too much and worries too much. The latter is the main object of criticism, so the author used more pen and ink to write that they "looked at each other and caressed each other, but they have gone away and looked back." "What's more, claw its skin to measure its health and dryness, shake its roots to see its secret, and the nature of wood will be divided day by day. Although you love it, it is actually harmful; Although I am very worried, I really hate it. " During the mid-Tang Dynasty, social unrest and political chaos made the people tired all the year round and restless. It can be seen that the author's intention is to spend more pen and ink on "other growers" who are too diligent. Through analogy at different levels, from "the principle of planting trees" to "the way of being an official", the abstract truth has been turned into a vivid image, exposing and criticizing the disasters brought to the people by the political chaos of the ruling class in the middle Tang Dynasty, and embodying Liu Zongyuan's proposition of reforming malpractice.