Extraordinary Lord, there must be extraordinary hardships. When Zhao Haoqi Wuling 15 years old, it encountered the crisis of national extinction. Zhao Suhou, the father of King Wuling of Zhao, fought all his life and made countless enemies. In 326 BC, Zhao Suhou died suddenly. Wei Huiwang, an old enemy, joined forces with Chu, Qin, Yan and Qi to send troops in the name of "burial" in order to carve up the State of Zhao. King Wuling of Zhao was not frightened, but calmly responded, United with Zhao's interior, ordered all the people to get ready, and assumed a posture of larger foe; Send envoys to form alliances with South Korea and Song countries, which are also threatened by many countries. Zhao, Han and Song form a zigzag structure, which supports each other and threatens Qin, Wei, Chu and Qi. Bribery of Yue State and Loufan made Yue King unable to attack Chu State, and Loufan King attacked Yan State and Zhongshan State, thus reducing the number of enemy troops on three routes. In the end, the five countries saw that they could not take advantage of it, so they did not launch an attack, and the "burial of the five parliaments" ended peacefully.
The first crisis of Zhao Wuling's ruling career is over, but Zhao's crisis has not changed. Under the pressure of survival crisis, the famous "Khufu riding and shooting" reform came into being. Under the leadership of King Wuling of Zhao, Zhao quickly established an elite army with cavalry as the main body. The most important thing is to integrate the power of the whole country, and the power is concentrated in the hands of King Wuling of Zhao. King Wuling of Zhao led a great army to fight in the north and south, annexed Zhongshan, suffered feuds, surrendered nomadic peoples such as Hu Lin and Loufan, expanded Hijikata Chizuru, and intervened in the succession of the throne of Yan State and Qin State. As a result, Zhao became increasingly prosperous and became the overlord of the Central Plains.
There is a saying that the higher you stand, the heavier you fall. When King Wuling of Zhao established hegemony step by step, he finally had a big fight because of his own emotional problems. In the early days of the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, Zhao's most important ally was South Korea, so the two sides had a political marriage in 32 1 BC, and King Wuling of Zhao married a Korean imperial woman. In 320 BC, the Korean girl went to Zhao Zhang, where she became a queen and Zhao Zhang became a prince. But things changed in 3 10 BC. When King Wuling of Zhao visited the Mausoleum, he dreamed of a beautiful woman. Later, he told his subordinates about it. A man named Guangwu thought that the person mentioned by King Wuling of Zhao was very similar to his daughter Meng Yao (that is, Wu Wa), so he gave her to King Wuling of Zhao. King Wuling of Zhao was very happy to see the girl of his dreams and spoiled Meng Yao. Later, he changed Meng Yao to be the queen and Zhao He, the son of Meng Yao, to be the prince.
In 30 1 year BC, Meng Yao died; In 299 BC, King Wuling of Zhao, who was in his prime of life, passed it to Zhao He, calling himself the father of the country (the father of the emperor). There are three main reasons why King Wuling of Zhao made this unexpected decision: First, Meng Yao, King Wuling of Zhao's favorite woman, had nothing to ask for in her life, that is, she left her last wish before she died, hoping that her son Zhao Hecheng would be King Zhao; Second, for Zhao's hegemony, wars with other countries are becoming more and more frequent. King Wuling of Zhao has been out with troops for a long time and has no intention of governing the country. Therefore, he decentralized. King Wuling of Zhao focused on military construction and foreign wars, and the new king Zhao He was in charge of domestic political and economic affairs. Third, there were many problems of succession to the throne before Zhao, and coups were frequent. King Wuling of Zhao hopes to support his son Zhao when he is in good health and realize a smooth transition of political power. King Wuling of Zhao's idea is very good, but every day has two days, and the country has no two masters, and finally it collapsed.
Zhao's dual-subject parallel political structure worked well in the early days. Zhao Huiwen and Wang Zaiyi, who are only 10 years old, handle state affairs with the help of others. King Wuling of Zhao joined in the war, conquered the nomadic people in the north, expanded the territory, and even had time to personally go to the State of Qin to find out information to prepare for the elimination of this great enemy. However, with the growth of Zhao Haoqi Huiwen, he became more and more enlightened. Because of his own ideas, he and his father Zhao Haoqi Wuling have differences. In addition, King Wuling of Zhao has been away from Handan for a long time, alienated from the imperial clan and dignitaries of Zhao State. King Zhao Huiwen is in charge of domestic politics and economy, which is related to the immediate interests of the imperial clan. These people gradually gathered around the new king, and King Wuling of Zhao's orders were not very good in Zhao.
King Wuling of Zhao is in his prime and ambitious. Naturally, he didn't want to lose control of Zhao, so he carried out the abandoned prince and let him and King Huiwen of Zhao Xian arbitrate the state affairs like their parents, re-establish his authority and regain the state power. In 296 BC, King Wuling of Zhao appointed Zhang Zhao to Dai Jun and sent Tian Li to assist Zhao Zhang. Tian Buli is an ambitious person who is good at finding a job. Coupled with the attitude of King Wuling of Zhao, many people saw the opportunity of the upper position. A group of cronies quickly gathered around Zhao Zhang, posing a threat to King Huiwen of Zhao He. It seems that everything is developing in the way designed by King Wuling of Zhao, but he missed the hearts of the people.
Zhao Wuling's riding and shooting is not a simple military reform, but has affected Zhao's politics, economy, culture and other aspects. Similar to Shang Yang's "political reform" in Qin State, King Wuling of Zhao not only made the army adopt the clothes of Hu people, but also made all the subjects of Zhao wear the clothes of Hu people, so that nomadic culture occupied a dominant position in Zhao State. This kind of innovation, which changes customs, touches a wide range and harms the interests of many people, will naturally resist. A large number of court officials, led by Zhao Wuling's uncle An Ping, opposed "Khufu riding and shooting" on the grounds of "forgetting the past and going against the people's hearts" from the beginning. Later, on the one hand, they were afraid of the force in the hands of King Wuling of Zhao, and on the other hand, the situation in Zhao was in jeopardy. If they don't reform, they are finished. These people are the main ones for the time being, but the contradictions between the two sides have also been buried.
With the deepening of the reform of "Khufu riding and shooting", the original pattern of Zhao was broken, and a large number of Hu people who were more adaptable to the new rules, had no background and outstanding ability were promoted to the military and political leadership of Zhao by King Wuling of Zhao. Officials who can't keep up with the new situation and have no ability, but steal high positions because of their bloodline, are marginalized, and the relatives of King Wuling of Zhao, that is, the imperial clan aristocrats, suffer the most. With the continuous victory of Zhao's foreign war, King Wuling of Zhao supported a group of emerging military nobles, and relied on these people to count and manage Zhao's population, land and wealth, which were hidden by the imperial clan nobles and landlords, further damaging the interests of the imperial clan nobles and others. If it was just a dispute of ideas at first, it was a dispute of interests later. The nobles of the imperial clan resented King Wuling of Zhao more and more, but they were afraid of the greatness and merits of King Wuling of Zhao. But the struggle between the father and son of King Wuling of Zhao made these people see the opportunity.
In 295 BC, King Wuling of Zhao proposed that his eldest son Zhao Zhang should be king in Dai Jun. This idea was immediately pushed back by Zhao Xiangfei, who assisted Zhao Huiwen, but the conflict between the two sides is well known. A group of imperial nobles whose interests were damaged in the reform of "Khufu Riding and Shooting" quickly gathered around Zhao Haoqi Huiwen, and in order to fight against his father and brother, Zhao Haoqi Huiwen really relied on the support of these potentially powerful imperial nobles, and the two sides hit it off. For example, Zhao Bao, Yang Wenjun, who was rejected by King Wuling of Zhao, immediately reminded King Huiwen of Zhao to prepare early and won the important task of defending Handan. Zhao Cheng, the monarch of Anping who has lived in seclusion for many years, expressed his willingness to serve the king, got the military emblem of Zhao Haoqi Huiwen, and was appointed as a garrison, leading troops to be diligent and suppressing possible rebellion at any time. In other words, before and after the Dune Rebellion, the military power of Zhao fell into the hands of a group of people who didn't like and hated King Wuling of Zhao. Do you think Zhao Wuling's Wang Neng is not a tragedy?
The process of "Dune Uprising" is very simple. King Wuling of Zhao thought that he chose the name of the cemetery, so he asked his two sons, Zhao Zhang and Zhao Huiwen, to accompany him to the sand dunes. Zhao Zhang took the opportunity to defect, but was quickly suppressed. The defeated Zhao Zhang fled to the palace of King Wuling, and King Huiwen's men conveniently surrounded his father's palace. At that time, Zhao Cheng, the uncle of King Wuling of Zhao, took the lead. Zhao Cheng directly suggested that King Wuling of Zhao should not be allowed to come out alive, otherwise everyone would be in trouble. Finally, soldiers surrounded the father's palace for about three months and starved King Wuling of Zhao to death at the age of 46.
During the three months when King Wuling of Zhao was besieged, no one came forward to intercede and no one led troops to rescue him. It can be seen that the death of King Wuling of Zhao was not decided by a few people, but the common will of most powerful people in Zhao. In the national history book "Warring States Policy", a large number of comments of Zhao's civil servants and military commanders criticizing riding and shooting were recorded. Many people rejected the reform of King Wuling of Zhao, and it was these people who promoted the demise of King Wuling of Zhao.
After the "Dune Rebellion", Zhao Cheng, the monarch of Anping, became the new Zhao Xiang, ruling the country exclusively for a long time, assisting Zhao Huiwen, the young master. The reform of "Khufu Riding and Shooting" advocated by Zhao Wuling and Wang Li existed in name only, and most of the regulations were abolished. Zhao embarked on the old road again and completely lost the opportunity to catch up with Qin. Since then, under the rule of King Zhao Huiwen, Lin Xiangru, Lian Po, Ping Yuanjun, Zhao Sheng, Zhao She and other civil and military talents have emerged in large numbers, becoming the first of the six countries in Shandong. At that time, it was said that Zhao "tried to suppress Qi for more than forty years, but Qin could not get what he wanted". However, because he failed to carry out thorough reform and innovation like Qin, the gap between his comprehensive national strength and Qin is getting bigger and bigger. This is the biggest reason for Zhao's fiasco in the battle of Changping, and his strength is not as good as that of others.