Qingzhou brief history exhibition hall
Three pieces of blue and white in Yuan Dynasty.
1In April, 985, three precious blue and white porcelain wares of the Yuan Dynasty were unearthed in the tombs of the Yuan Dynasty on the west side of the grain depot railway in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province.
Three pieces of blue and white porcelain unearthed in this tomb, one bottle, one plate and one bowl, are common combinations of objects in tombs. From the embryo, glaze, shape, decoration and hair color of blue and white porcelain, it shows the basic characteristics of Yuan blue and white porcelain. The carcass of the three pieces of porcelain is dense and relatively pure, with a small amount of impurities locally, showing iron brown spots. The carcass gradually thickens from the mouth edge to the bottom, especially in the jade pot spring bottle and bowl. Its enamel is bright and moist, white with blue light, and its mouth edge is very thin. In some places, the tires are even exposed, and the glaze on the feet is not very good. Thin glaze is applied to the bottom of the jade pot spring bottle. The combination of fetal glaze is very natural flint red. From the modeling point of view, the neck of Yuhu Spring Bottle is slender, the abdomen is not full, and the whole bottle looks slim. The foot of the spring bottle bowl of the jade pot is omitted, the edge of the bowl is sunflower-shaped, and the foot of the bowl has obvious papillae, which is a typical feature of porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. Judging from the decorative patterns, grass pattern, palindrome pattern, banana leaf pattern, deformed lotus petal pattern, chrysanthemum pattern and dragon pattern are all very popular in the Yuan Dynasty, especially the dragon pattern on the spring bottle of Yuhu, which is a model of dragon pattern in the Yuan Dynasty. Judging from the color of blue and white, the colors are different and the hair color is rich. The cobalt material used should be imported Sunibo green material. The dark place is blue and black, and there is obvious depression when you touch it with your hands. These three pieces of blue-and-white porcelain were unearthed in clear places with typical characteristics of the times, which provided us with rare and precious physical materials for in-depth study of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty.
Description:
0 1 dragon jade pot spring bottle
The diameter is 8.8 cm, the bottom diameter is 9.3 cm and the height is 30 cm. The circle foot is slightly outward, and the spiral pattern of the bottom wheel is obvious. The fetal quality is thin and the carcass is firm and thin. The enamel is delicate and shiny, with white and blue. Thin glaze is applied to the bottom of the vessel, and there is no obvious glaze accumulation throughout. The combination of tire and glaze is flint red. The decorative pattern of the vessel is divided into eight layers from top to bottom. The mouth edge is painted with scroll lines, the neck is decorated with banana leaf lines and deformed palindromes, and the shoulder and near the bottom are decorated with lotus petal lines and scroll lines respectively. The main decorative pattern of the abdomen is dragon pattern. Dragon three claws, small head and thin neck, open mouth and spit tongue, bright eyes, vigorous limbs, quite dynamic, the dragon forest is grid-shaped, and the dragon body is dotted with clouds and flame patterns. The overall picture composition is rigorous, distinct, harmonious and perfect.
02 Deer-pattern disk diameter 16.5cm, bottom diameter 13cm, height 1.4cm .. The edge of the mouth is a seven-petal sunflower shape. Lips everted, shallow abdomen, flat bottom without glaze, mouth painted with green material along the edge for a week. In the center of the dish are two crossed weeping willows, and the branches are floating in the breeze. Draw a deer under the tree, look back and look up, with one front foot raised and three feet touching the ground, as if greeting a companion, full of movement. Close-up of Lycopodium, Ganoderma lucidum and other flowers and plants. The design of this dish is beautiful and generous, and the decorative layout is rigorous, giving people the feeling that it is full but not chaotic, with clear priorities and one integrated mass.
03 Chrysanthemum pattern hand cup
7.5 cm in diameter, 2.9 cm in base diameter and 3.9 cm in height. Sunflower-shaped mouth edge, circle foot, foot unglazed. Draw grass lines and thin strings along the inner mouth, and draw chrysanthemum lines and wide strings in the center of the cup. The outer edge is decorated with blue and white stripes for a week, and the abdomen is painted with chrysanthemum patterns and string patterns. The carcass is slightly thicker and the pattern is heavy, which makes it look solid and calm. This kind of cup is called "hand pressed cup" because of its heavy embryo and compact shape. Can be used as daily utensils such as tea set and wine set.
Buddhist Statues in longxing temple
It has been exhibited overseas for many times.
Ancient painting and calligraphy exhibition hall
There are Qingming Riverside Map, Champion Volume and so on.
Stone carving sculpture exhibition hall
Ceramic exhibition hall
From June to August, 2006, a joint archaeological team, composed of Shandong Institute of Archaeology and Qingzhou Museum, conducted a rescue excavation of the tomb pit of Xiangshan Han Tomb at the northern foot of Xiangshan in Tanfang Town, Qingzhou City, and conducted archaeological drilling on the tomb and its surrounding areas. During this excavation, more than 2,000 terracotta figures and pottery, and more than 2,000 bronze and iron weapons were cleared. Because of the well-preserved pottery and terracotta figures, it attracted great attention from all sides and was rated as one of the major archaeological discoveries in China in 2006. Since then, with the full support of National Cultural Heritage Administration and the strong appeal of experts on cultural relics protection, China Cultural Relics Research Institute, National Museum, Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum (National Cultural Heritage Administration Ceramic Sculpture Cultural Relics Protection Base) and Qingzhou Museum have jointly formulated a cultural relics protection plan. So far, the protection of these cultural relics is being carried out in an orderly way, and the results can be seen everywhere. Now, the results will be shown to experts and tourists. The burial pit of Xiangshan Han Tomb is about 7 meters long from north to south, 5 meters wide from east to west and 4 meters deep, and is divided into three layers. The contents of burial pits are complex, which can be roughly divided into dolls, sacrificial figurines, poultry figurines, and various ritual vessels. This is a panoramic view of the second floor of the burial pit. The western half is dominated by pottery cattle and horses, the eastern half is dominated by household utensils, and there are more than a dozen large vertical figurines at the southern end. Judging from the location, shape and unearthed objects of the tomb, in the early Western Han Dynasty, the owner of the tomb was at least a noble or even a monarch of Zichuan. There are nearly 800 figurines, which can be divided into standing figurines and riding figurines. What we see now is a six-body robe with a square crown and a bun, wearing a ground robe and standing with arched hands. Some of their hats are glued to their chins with mud strips, and some are outlined with purple-brown paintings on their chins. The overall feeling is generous and dignified. The three-body footman figurines on display here are dressed as servants, with their hands apart and holding objects. It can be inferred from the details of crown ornaments, costumes, bun, etc. that its status is far lower than that of the robe male figurines. The female figurines in robes are small and graceful, S-shaped, showing feminine femininity. The bun is graceful, and the long hair is fluttering in the mirror, which makes people think. Her face is very low, her eyebrows are smooth, and she is humble and respectful, which shows the low social status of women at that time. Riding figurines are gorgeous in costumes, with solemn and dignified faces, strong horses under their legs, and they hold their heads high and scream into the sky. I will be out soon, and the feeling of victory is vivid. There are about 350 Taoma horses, either spitting flames, or raising their heads and eyes, or lowering their heads and hissing, each with a variety of styles. Exquisite workmanship, accurate and symmetrical limbs, a variety of colors such as bordeaux, white, black, flowers and so on. All kinds of harness and horse ornaments are available, especially the painted saddle hanging on horseback, with clear and smooth lines and exquisite anomalies, which provides valuable information for the study of harness in Han Dynasty. There are about 250 pieces of poultry figurines, such as pottery pigs, cows, sheep, dogs and chickens. They lie or stand, with different shapes and full of interest in life. In addition, there are complete sets of ritual vessels, such as ding, pot and pot, and more than 600 household utensils, such as pots, plates and ear cups. Most of the artifacts are beautifully painted in red, white and purple, and the decorations are mainly cirrus clouds and water ripples. Exquisite pottery, gorgeous colors, clear decorative patterns and exquisite craftsmanship fully demonstrate the level of pottery-making technology in the Han Dynasty. Generally speaking, the most prominent feature of painted pottery in Xiangshan Han Tomb is exquisite painting. These figurines are lifelike, with clear faces, and their facial features, beards, crowns and clothing details are very realistic and artistic. The colors of clothes and clothing are mainly purple, pink, yellow and black. Among many colors, the most exciting one is purple, which is called Chinese purple, also known as Chinese purple. This is a composite color from two thousand years ago. The molecular composition of Chinese purple is easy to analyze at the present level of science and technology, but how people synthesized this color more than two thousand years ago is still an unsolved mystery. Careful viewers will find that many figurines or horse figurines have glue seams or holes, which shows that most of their production methods are made separately. The head and body of the figurine are made separately, and the head, neck, limbs and trunk of the horse figurine are fired separately and then bonded together. The holes in the figurines used to be mostly wooden ritual vessels or weapons, but now they have rotted. Through these, we can see the prevailing wind of reburial in Han Dynasty. They "think that people will not die, but just enjoy life in another world". At the same time, we can also feel the social features, human feelings and romantic feelings of the Han people two thousand years ago.
Stone tablet exhibition hall
Jadeware exhibition hall
Zi yi Yu bi
Bronze statue exhibition hall
The exhibition adheres to the principle of high-quality products and special topics, highlights the characteristics of Qingzhou, integrates science, artistry and appreciation, and appeals to both refined and popular tastes.
Zhuangyuandian examination paper
In the 26th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1598), Zhao, the number one scholar, was the only original temple paper in China, which was priceless. Its discovery and recovery caused waves of sensation at home and abroad, and several foreign news agencies also rushed to report. It fills the gap in China's court archives, is an important document to study the Chinese imperial examination system and the history of the Ming Dynasty, and is a national first-class cultural relic. This well-preserved treasure is a 19 folded album page, each folded page is 47.6 cm high and 14. 1 cm wide. Both the front cover and the back cover are made of silk. The words "No.1, No.1" on the top of the scroll were engraved with the seal of "Seal off" for the imperial book of Emperor Zhu Yijun at that time, accounting for 10% of the total. The following is the text, in which 15 fold, 6 lines for each fold, is 1 cm square, and the fine print is neat, with a total of 2460 words, which brilliantly expounds the countermeasures for improving official management and rejuvenating the country, and advocates that "doing things first" and "practical politics second" can make the world peaceful, which has important historical and practical significance; And attach the author's resumes of the last three generations. The last 3 fold lists the titles and names of 9 paper reading officers and 1 paper printing officers, including Zhang Qian, a university student in Wuyingdian, the official department of Shaobao and Taibao. In order to meet the requirements of experts, scholars and collectors, Qingzhou Museum copied and exhibited the examination papers of the Champion Hall. Zhao (A.D. 1573- 1626), a native of Zhengmu Town, Qingzhou, 15 years old, was a political envoy. 25 years old, the top scholar. 30 years old as an examiner. At the age of 39, he was promoted to a bastard and tried Jiangnan. He has selected many talents for the country. He is an official of the Ministry of Rites. Persecuted by eunuchs in Wei Zhongxian, he returned to his hometown and was deprived of his official position and salary. Six years after the revelation, he died in anger.
Pit storage of Buddhist statues in longxing temple
19961kloc-0/0 On October 7th, Qingzhou Museum excavated and rescued the longxing temple Buddha statue in Qingzhou at the longxing temple site and exhibited it in the museum. Longxing temple was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty and abandoned in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. This is a famous Buddhist temple that lasted for more than 1000 years. The pit is located in the northernmost part of the temple ruins, with a length of 8.7 meters from north to south and a width of 6.8 meters from east to west. There are more than 400 statues of limestone, white marble, granite, pottery, iron, wood and clay sculptures buried in the pit regularly. Among them, there are both large statues and single statues, involving Buddha statues, bodhisattvas, disciples, arhats, sacrificial statues and many other themes; The largest is 320 cm high and the smallest is only 20 cm high. Decorations are rich and colorful, including relief, sculpture, line carving, gilding and painting. Among them, the most stone statues in the Northern Qi Dynasty were carved from limestone produced locally in Qingzhou, most of which were painted and gilded, and some of them were well preserved, which is rare. These Buddhist statues lasted for 500 years, with various types, beautiful shapes, exquisite carvings, strong three-dimensional sense and dignity. It is a precious material for studying the early Buddhist art in China, and it is one of the largest number of Buddhist statues found in China so far, and was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in' 96. Authorities in the field of national cultural relics believe that longxing temple's Buddhist statues "have distinctive local characteristics and high overall art, which provide valuable information for studying the art history of China."
"Jade Boys and Girls" in Han Dynasty
1982 Spring, unearthed from the Eastern Han Tomb of Majiazhongzi in Tan Fang Town, Qingzhou City. After identification, it is the oldest, most complete, largest, best and most artistic one ever discovered. The texture is hetian moyu. Circular section, outer diameter 15.4cm, inner diameter 2.6cm, section 5.4cm, weight 375g ... with a raised ring in the middle. There are 8 groups of bas-reliefs, Solanum nigrum and Ruding, which interact with each other between rings and contours. There are 158 milk cubes carved between the ring and the inner hole, and the back is the same as the front, but the number of milk cubes is reduced to 1 18. The outline part is composed of carved dragon patterns, and the words "descendants of foreigners" are engraved in the middle of the patterns. This kind of jade is cherished by the world because of its large volume and exquisite carving skills. It is the only jade with writing in China, and it is a national first-class cultural relic.
Copper ingot in northern song dynasty
National first-class cultural relics. Length 14cm, weight 1562.7g, both ends are arc-shaped, the middle is waist-shaped, the surface is slightly concave, the concave part is engraved with inscriptions, only the number "weight □ 520" can be distinguished, and the back is flat. This is the imperial treasury currency, which is rare in China.
By the river during Tomb-Sweeping Day.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was copied by Chou Ying, one of Ming Sijia. The center of the scroll is 33.4 cm long and 840 cm wide. Not only realism, but also "re-creation". It depicts the scene of Tomb-Sweeping Day in the outer suburbs, suburbs, banks of the Bianhe River, the city and Miyagi of Tokyo (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are tall palaces, bustling urban areas and quiet country shops in the picture. There are luxurious court dragon boats, elegant pavilions and quaint oxcart sailboats; There are luxurious officials and wives enjoying the spring, poor artists performing arts in the streets, and hardworking farmers. There are 20 12 figures in the painting, moving or static, gathering or scattered, and the towers of the city wall and the trees near the distant mountains are scattered. Exquisite brushwork and exquisite colors are extremely precious paintings in the Ming Dynasty and the only copy handed down from generation to generation. In front of the scroll, Wen Zhiming, one of the Ming thinkers, wrote "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival". At the end of the article, he said: "The original paintings of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty have been handed down for a long time and have a long history. Now I'm in Tianfu and I'll never see you again. Its powder was given to everyone in Tibet, and I saw it. Because I asked my friend Qiu Jun to copy it, after I graduated from work at the age of 20, I didn't miss it, but I can still save it.
Qing dynasty stone tablet
Qingzhou Museum still holds two Qing Dynasty stone tablets, which record the heroic deeds of Qingzhou flag soldiers who participated in Zhenjiang's anti-British campaign. On the one hand, in the 23rd year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1843), the "Qingzhou Martyrs Monument" was established in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. On the one hand, Qingzhou Prefecture established the Zhong Xian Monument in Manchuria (Beishi) in August of the same year. These two monuments record the same historical fact from different angles.
During the Opium War, the British army mobilized more than 7,000 new guns and equipment to attack Zhenjiang, but there were only 1500 flag soldiers in the city, including 500 Qingzhou flag soldiers. They fought bravely against the invading army with broadswords and spears, and won the victory of more than 600 casualties/kloc-0. According to Zhenjiang's "Qingzhou Garrison Martyrs' Monument", "At noon on June 14th, the rocket was launched, and all three towers in the east, west and north were burned down. Thousands of other garrison soldiers were stunned when the thief climbed up and down. Qingzhou fought alone, and blood accumulated on the hilt, so he couldn't hold on any longer. Why are Qingzhou soldiers so different? This shows that the spirit of loyalty often exists in the world. I also heard that since the start of the army, most of the soldiers have been treating diseases for the people, and only Qingzhou soldiers have turned a blind eye to the people, and the people have nothing to hide. So people die in battle, think about it, and you're welcome; Sacrifice meritorious service for the people, sacrifice diligence for the people. The people of the whole county set up a memorial service in the west of Zhou Yucheng ... "In the article" The British New Expedition to China ",the revolutionary mentor Engels spoke highly of the spirit of Qingzhou soldiers to defend their country:" Although the flag soldiers stationed in the garrison do not understand the art of war, they never lack courage and spirit. These flag soldiers, a total of only 1500 people, but all fought to the death until the last one. If these invaders encounter the same resistance everywhere, they will never reach Nanjing (Complete Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 12, pp. 189- 190). Qingzhou people have always regarded these two stone tablets as precious historical materials of China's modern history and good teaching materials for patriotism education.
Other treasures
It is difficult to describe the exquisite cultural relics collected by Qingzhou Museum, such as the remains of the northern new culture dating back 7000 years, the typical artifacts of Haojiazhuang type of Yueshi culture, and a large number of bronzes unearthed from the Shang tomb in Subutun, especially the large-scale "Yachou" bronze cymbals. Another example is the statue of King Linhuai in the Northern Qi Dynasty, the statue of Lu in the fifth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 524) and the statue of Xing 'an in the second year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453), all of which are national first-class cultural relics. There is also a long scroll of paintings and calligraphy by Dong Qichang, a famous painter in the late Ming Dynasty. He was a scholar in the Wanli period and a minister in the official rites department. He, a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, wrote the banner "Money", while Lin Zexu recorded Dong Qichang's Essays on Painting Zen Rooms in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, a stone lion in Ming Dynasty, which is bigger than the stone lion in front of the Forbidden City, and an iron crane, which is taller than the iron crane in front of the Summer Palace, are also called "a must in China".
The "Qingzhou Brief History Exhibition" in the museum adopts a general history exhibition with a clear context. Primitive Society focuses on wonderful ancient pottery products. Slave Society focuses on Subutun tombs, highlighting the exquisite and unique series of bronzes in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. "Feudal Society" focuses on the treasures of stone carvings in the heyday of Buddhism in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the remains of the Red Army Uprising, and the Zhao Zhuangyuan Volume in the Ming Dynasty. "Semi-colonial and semi-feudal society" focuses on the heroic feat of Qingzhou soldiers stationed in Manchu camp in Zhenjiang campaign, which was praised by revolutionary mentor Engels. The exhibition integrates objects, photos, models, charts, words and explanations, and is accompanied by special effects such as lighting and sound, so that the audience can feel the history and enjoy the eyes. Qingzhou Museum receives nearly 6.5438+0.5 million Chinese and foreign tourists every year.
Green glazed Pisces pot: 27 cm high. The shape of this pot is that two conjoined carp embrace each other. The whole body is painted with blue glaze, the glaze color is dignified, the eyes are yellow-brown, the shape is wonderful, the image is vivid, and the feeling is coming out.
Plum purple-sealed grape picture: paper, composed of 6 axes, each axis is 179 cm in longitudinal direction and 47.8 cm in transverse direction. Just above the picture is a poem by Li Zifeng: Yesterday, the Mid-Autumn Festival was full and full, and Hainan's rich mother couldn't sleep. No one cares about the pearl all night, and it hangs on whose paper. Inscription: Ding You painted it in Guilin Caotang, the great monk was elegant by Huilin and sealed by Li Zifeng, the owner of the Seven Temples. Full-scale Zhu Yin: Li Hua, Banana Window, Li Ziyin and Jing Hengyin. Li Jingheng, Zi Feng and Li's paintings, seals, etc. In the picture, the old stems of grapes are drawn from the bottom left. The vines are intertwined and the branches are covered with countless grapes, which is natural and full of vitality. The picture from a distance is like a dragon stinging thunder, falling from the sky. With even and transparent ink painting techniques, the picture has reached a moving momentum and vivid expressive force, especially the old rattan pen is vigorous and powerful, implicit and powerful, and connected with each other. This painting adopts the principle of western lighting composition, and the branches and leaves are clearly drawn, as if under the light, making people feel a realm different from nature.
Shang Dynasty copper shaft unearthed in Subutun: 7 cm long. Unearthed in Subutun, Qingzhou. The front is decorated with prominent gluttonous lines (that is, face lines).
Shang bronze car decoration: 21.4cm long. Unearthed in Subutun, Qingzhou. It is decorated with gluttonous patterns.