Extraordinary life, Wang Zhen, in a good word. Dongping, Shandong. Meta-agronomists and the improvement of letterpress printing. From Zhenyuan four years to Dade four years, Yin Shi advocated planting mulberry, cotton, hemp and other cash crops in Jingde and Yongfeng counties and improving agricultural tools. From 0755 to 79000, he wrote 37 volumes. At that time, there were wooden movable types, and he designed a rotating typesetting frame, and the movable types were arranged in rhyme. When typesetting, wheels and plates are turning, and people are expressed in words. In the second year in Germany, agricultural books were printed with wooden movable type. Movable type calligraphy is attached at the end of Jingdezhen County Records. This is the earliest document that systematically describes movable type printing. He is also good at poetry and has agricultural books. Wang Zhen's date of birth and death is unknown, except that he served as the magistrate of Jingdezhen County in Chengyuan Zongyuan Zhenyuan for six years. Later, he was transferred to Yinxian County and Yongfeng County in Dade four years. There is no historical record after that. Wang Zhen is an honest official. During his tenure in the county, he has been living a normal life. He donated his salary, built schools, built bridges, and used drugs to help those who had no money to treat diseases. When the locals mentioned his name, they were full of praise. When Wang Zhen was a county magistrate, he often encouraged people to plant crops well. In the year of farming, he exposed those who only bullied ordinary people without knowing that I didn't know how to do practical things for them. He said that these people do nothing all day, hinder the farming season and exploit the people without restriction. They only know how to eat, drink and be merry. They go to the countryside to encourage farmers to work hard, and also want the people to provide them with more servants; Some local officials also took the opportunity to blackmail farmers and collect more taxes. Wang Zhen hates these people very much. Wang Zhen wants to be a good official who benefits the country and the people. Therefore, during his farming book years, he greatly praised the local officials who built water conservancy and advised farmers to benefit farmers in ancient times, such as Ba Huang, the satrap of Yingchuan in Han Dynasty, Gong Sui, the satrap of Bohai Sea, and others. History books call these officials, which means good officials for the public and the people. Wang Zhen believes that local officials should follow their example. Wang Zhen believes that a local official should be familiar with agricultural production knowledge. If a local official knows nothing about farming, how can he shoulder the responsibility of persuading farmers and mulberry trees? So he usually pays great attention to farming and stares at it anytime and anywhere. He didn't know anything, so he asked those experienced old farmers for advice. I don't understand. After such accumulation and study, he finally mastered a wealth of agricultural knowledge and wrote a famous official biography. In addition to Wang Zhen's agricultural books, there were two famous agricultural books in Yuan Dynasty, namely Wang Zhen's Agricultural Books and Nong Sang Yao Ji. In this historical period, it is no accident that several agricultural scientific works came out one after another. Due to the hard work of our ancestors, we have accumulated rich agricultural production experience in long-term production practice. As early as the Warring States period, American agricultural production technology began to be intensively cultivated in China. It was used for more than 700 years from the Warring States to the early Yuan Dynasty. During this period, agricultural production technology has been continuously improved and agricultural production has been continuously developed. In the process of unifying China in Yuan Dynasty, feudal rulers gradually saw that developing agricultural production was beneficial to feudal exploitation. When Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was in office, he began to take some measures to develop agricultural production, set up officials to persuade agriculture, and set up an agricultural department to take charge of agriculture, mulberry industry and water conservancy, which promoted the compilation of agricultural books to some extent. But if these agricultural books can be written well, farmers who have mastered the technology will make the greatest contribution. Wang Zhen was not only a famous agronomist in ancient China, but also an inventor. As we know, China began to print books with block printing in the Tang Dynasty, but carving wooden boards is a very complicated job.

After the wooden movable type is completed, it is mounted on two wheel frames, which are called rhyme wheel and miscellaneous character wheel respectively. Rhyme is arranged in phonological order; Zalun is a common word, which arranges common miscellaneous words with common words such as knowing, caring, being, and also. The text checker sits between two wheel frames, and you can get the text you need by turning the rhyme wheel or the miscellaneous word wheel, which is very convenient. After the movable type is collected, it is typeset and printed. After printing, the wooden movable type is still disassembled, restored to the wheel frame, and installed next time. Wang Zhen's set of wooden movable type is several times shorter than the book printed by block printing. In addition, he also designed and drew many patterns of production tools. For example, when he saw a teahouse in Jiangxi, he designed and drew a water-to-water continuous grinding diagram according to the principle of this teahouse. Rotary continuous rolling mill is a hydraulic driven machine, which can greatly save manpower. This kind of machinery has good performance, and each machine can irrigate 100 mu of farmland. During his summary of farming and mulberry, there were many kinds of tool diagrams. All these fully show his outstanding creative talent. Wang Zhen is also a poet. In the Qing Dynasty, the agricultural books edited by Gu included his poems, which were called agricultural books. In a word, Wang Zhen is a versatile man, but his main achievement is in agronomy. Here is a detailed introduction to his agricultural books. Yuan Qu Xuan was written by Wang Zhen, commonly known as Wang Zhen's agricultural book. Because Chen in the Southern Song Dynasty also had agricultural books, and Shen Shi in the late Ming Dynasty also had agricultural books, it is easy to distinguish them with such generic names. It is one of the most famous agricultural works in ancient Chinese agricultural books. There are 36 volumes in the book, which are divided into three parts: agricultural books and Wang Zhen agricultural books. The book is about 136000 words, with 28 illustrations1piece. First of all, the agriculture is comprehensively and systematically expounded. Wang Zhen discussed a series of agricultural problems in the Year of Agricultural Books. Prior to this, Jia Sixie's book "Nong Sang Tong Ji" at the end of Wei Dynasty had the nature of an agricultural encyclopedia, which covered many issues, but only involved the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, mainly describing various production technologies, without systematically summarizing the problems and principles involved. It is the first encyclopedia to discuss the north and the south, trying to systematically discuss the whole agriculture from the whole country, and analyze and compare the similarities and differences and functions of agricultural technologies and farm tools between the north and the south. Another feature of the system is the creation of agricultural machinery atlas. It accounts for about four-fifths of the book's length, with more than 200 illustrations, including more complex mechanical graphics. Through the shapes of these tools, we can learn more about their structures. Each picture is accompanied by a text description, which clearly introduces the source, structure and usage of various farm tools. The valley map lists almost all the tools and parts related to agriculture that I can see. Before that, there were generally no pictures in agricultural books. After it, Wang Zhen's agricultural books in Ming Dynasty and farming and mulberry tactics in Qing Dynasty, although there were maps of agricultural tools, generally copied Qi Min's skills, not his own creation. It can be said that Wang Zhen's agricultural books are the most detailed agricultural books in ancient China.