Tao Kan (259-334), a native of Poyang, Jiangxi, was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. First as a county magistrate, then gradually as a county magistrate. Yongjia five years (3 1 1), served as the satrap of Wuchang. In the first year of Jianxing (3 13), he served as the secretariat of Jingzhou. Later, he served as the secretariat of Jingjiang II Prefecture and served as the military order of Bazhou. He is diligent in official business and dislikes drinking and gambling, so he is praised.
Tao Kan is a big star. He played an important role in establishing the Eastern Jin Dynasty and stabilizing the turbulent political situation in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was born in poverty. In the changing situation of the Western Jin Dynasty, he broke through the numerous obstacles set by the door-gate politics to become an official, and became a hot secretariat of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with great achievements. He is a legend. There are many anecdotes about him in historical books such as The Book of Jin and Shi Shuo Xin Yu. He is also a controversial figure. Some people praise him, others belittle him and others defend him.
Editors come from poor families and have a hard career.
Originally from Duchang, he moved to Xunyang County, Lujiang County. Tao Kan's ancestors are unknown in the history books. His father, Dan Tao, was a border general when Sun Wu was a general, and the official rank was General Yang Wu. Wu Yang, a miscellaneous name, has a low status. It can be traced back that there were no prominent officials in Tao Kan's last life. When he was young, he worked as a "fish beam official", indicating that his family belonged to a "poor family" and other low social status. After the destruction of Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains called Jiangnan people "beyond national subjugation", and the gentry in Jiangdong were also politically suppressed by the gentry in the Central Plains.
When Tao Kan was a teenager, his father died young, his family was poor, and he lived alone with his mother Zhan. Zhan is a very strong woman. She is determined to make her son get ahead. In this environment, Tao Kan is "diligent and constantly striving for self-improvement". The Zhan family is very strict with Tao Kan and helps his son make friends through their own textiles. Later, Tao Kan became the county master book under the recommendation of the county gongcao's weekly visit, and began to get rid of the status of a humble servant. Once, Lian Xiao Fan Kui of Poyang County passed by Tao Kan's home. When the ice and snow piled up, Tao Kan was anxious to entertain the guests. Zhan's hair was cut off for wine and food, and Tao Kan's "house pillar" was used as firewood, and finally he got a table of "delicious food". The next day, Fan Kui hit the road, and Tao Kan chased hundreds of miles. Fan Kui told Zhang Kui, the satrap of Lujiang, that the painting was beautiful. Wei Xiao called Du You, led by Zongyang. If you have a name, move to the main book. "Tao Kan is also committed to repay the kindness of Zhang Kui's meeting." Fortunately, his wife is ill and will meet a doctor hundreds of miles away. When it's cold and snowy, the family can't bear it. Tao Kan alone please line, "salty suit its righteousness". With this relationship, Tao Kan was promoted to filial piety by Zhang Kui. With this identity, Tao Kan can enter Luoyang to meet top celebrities and realize his ambition. In the first year of Yuankang (29 1), after Huidi, Jia Nanfeng staged a coup and took power alone. This is the beginning of the "Eight Kings Rebellion". Because the ruling Jamo and Zhang Hua tried their best, the ruling and opposition parties were very calm in the next seven or eight years, and there was no major turmoil.
In about 296, Tao Kan came to Luoyang. Luoyang at that time, after decades of restoration and reconstruction, became very busy. However, the prosperity of Beijing has not brought any bright future to Tao Kan. Over the years, the system of "nine things in the right direction" has made the Western Jin Dynasty "no poor at the top and no powerful at the bottom" in selecting officials. Children of clans can live in important places in the shadow of their parents and ancestors, without worrying about future promotion. Since Hui Di ascended the throne, he has been a powerful family with expensive things. Loyalty is a dead end, evil is success, and it is more recommended. The world is called the common market. "In this case, celebrities and gentry who will ignore the Jiangnan nobody despised by the Central Plains Tao Kan?
Tao Kan also knows that a man of his status has no right to be a backer, so he can't gain a foothold in Luoyang officialdom. So he went to see Zhang Zhang, who was "good in character". But Zhang Hua "was a stranger at first and didn't see each other very much." Tao Kan's contempt for Zhang Hua is not discouraged. Several times, "Every time I go, God has no color." Finally, on the recommendation of Zhang Hua, he became a doctor. Doctors are qualified to be selected for various official positions, but a poor man like Tao Kan can't squeeze into those prominent official positions at all. "Sun Xiu, the general of Fu Bo, is ashamed to be a vassal, and the Chinese are ashamed to be a cold official, and they are called to lay down their lives." Although Tao Kan got the official position, he was different from the Han people in origin and appearance, and was still despised by Luoyang dignitaries. On one occasion, he went to see Langnan Zhongshu Gu Rong together with Yu Zhangguo's doctor Xie Yang. On the way, I met Lang Wen Ya from the official department. Wen Ya asked Yang Yun, "Why do you share the burden with this villain?" Tao Kan was recommended by a celebrity, and he wanted to meet Jingyang scholars, but he was also criticized.
Tao Kan stayed in Luoyang for five or six years, but his future is still very slim. During this period, the civil strife in the Western Jin Dynasty intensified. In the first year of Yongkang (300), Zhao Fei. The next year, he abolished Hui Di and proclaimed himself emperor. The unrest developed from the inside of the court to the outside. Inside and outside Luoyang, it has become a place of conflict and contention between the king's troops. In this case, Jiangdong gentry living in Luoyang returned home to avoid chaos. At this time, Tao Kan has realized that it is difficult for him to get ahead in Luoyang's door-to-door politics. Influenced by the atmosphere that the gentry in Jiangdong returned to their hometowns in succession, he also prepared to go south. On the recommendation of a friend, he had to fill the position of Wugang county magistrate. Wugang is a county in the south of Jingzhou. Tao Kan packed up and left in a hurry. At this time, Tao Kan was over forty years old. He remembered that he had struggled for many years, but he was only appointed as the county magistrate of a small county far from the political center, and his mood could be imagined.
After Tao Kan took office, the relationship with Lv Yue, the satrap, was very tense. He gave up his official position and went home. Later, I became a junior high school student in the county. If it weren't for the turmoil in Jiangnan at the end of the Jin Dynasty, he would have been a small official like a county magistrate all his life.
Edit this paragraph to join the army and establish military achievements.
The turmoil in the south of the Yangtze River caused by the Eight Kings Rebellion provided Tao Kan with an opportunity to display his talents. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to natural disasters and wars, people from Qin and Yong regions migrated to Liang and Yi regions for dinner. In the first year of Yongning (30 1), refugees gathered to revolt because they could not bear the oppression of local officials. The court of the Western Jin Dynasty was busy mobilizing Jingzhou military commanders to go to Yizhou to suppress them. Jingzhou Wu Yong was transferred, unwilling to go to war, and was driven away by local officials, so he turned to rally. In the second year of Tai 'an (303), Yiyang Manchurian Chang rallied to revolt in Jiangxia, while Dante Zhuang and Jiangxia refugees refused to go on an expedition and fled to Zhang Chang. Zhang Chang captured Jiangxia County, and during the ten-day month, the masses reached 30,000.
The development of Zhang Chang's power aroused the anxiety of the imperial court. The imperial court sent a captain of Nanman and a secretariat of Jingzhou, Likas, to lead the army to suppress it. As soon as Ricardo took office, he made Tao Kan a barbarian and ordered him to go to Xiangyang as a pioneer in the crusade against Zhang Chang.
Of course, Tao Kan is very happy that Ricardo can be reused. Moreover, it is also a shortcut to join the army and make meritorious deeds in times of turmoil.
Tao Kan led the army to Xiangyang. Liu Hongjun was defeated by Zhang Chang in ten thousand. Zhang Chang turned to Xiangyang, that is, he entered the Yangtze River along the Han River. For a time, most areas of Jing, Jiang and Yang were controlled. Ricardo ordered Tao Kan to attack Zhang Chang, won Lien Chan, and finally suppressed the uprising. In this process, Tao Kan's military talent made Ricas very sigh. He said to Tao Kan, "I once joined the army for Yang Gong, which means I should live in the future. If you look at it today, you must follow the old man. " Sheep man is yang hu. Jin and Wu confronted each other, and he guarded Jingzhou for nearly twenty years, making great contributions to Jin and Wu. Likas was too old to replace yang hu, so he hoped that Tao Kan would make a difference in Jingzhou. Later, Tao Kan really became the secretariat of Jingzhou. Ricas' remarks must have greatly encouraged Tao Kan.
Zhang Chang decided to reward Tao Kan and others for their exploits. Jing, Yang and other states have experienced temporary stability. At this time, the war in the north intensified, and the court of the Western Jin Dynasty existed in name only. Seeing the chaos in the north, Chen Min, the Prime Minister of Guangling, was unable to control Jiangdong, so he rose up and occupied Yangzhou, and sent his brother Chen Hui to attack Wuchang along Jiangxi in an attempt to separate Jiangnan.
Likas ordered Tao Kan to be the satrap of Jiangxia and led the army to resist Chen Hui. Tao Kan and Chen Min are in the same county. They are officials of the same age. Therefore, some people are skeptical about Tao Kan living in a big county and unifying Qiang Bing. In fact, Tao Kan won't give up his achievements to take refuge in a man who has no foundation in Jiangdong. Fearing that Li Jue might be suspicious, he sent Zihong and his disciple Yizhenhong to protect him. Hiroyuki joined the army, but he was sent away with money. Coupled with the independence of the tiger, the peace forces will recover from the recovery. " There is no doubt that Rickas employs people, and Tao Kan has no worries, so against Chen Huili, his direction will be broken. Tao Kan's two great achievements established his military position in Jingzhou. At this time, Tao Kan is no longer a "distant person" or "villain" who was looked down upon in the past, but has become a powerful local general. In the first year of Guangxi (306), Rickas died. Soon, Tao Kan also left his post because of his mother's illness. During Tao Kan's mourning at home, the political situation in Jiangnan changed again. In the first year of Yongjia (307), Si Marui, the evil king of the imperial clan in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Wang Dao, a scholar-bureaucrat, crossed the river and entered Jianye. Si Marui was a close friend of Sima Yue, the last powerful minister in the Eight Kings Rebellion. Seeing that the Luoyang regime in the Western Jin Dynasty was in a state of disintegration, he took advantage of the opportunity that Sima Yue sent him to guard Jianye to establish a separatist regime in Jiangdong. At that time, Si Marui only occupied the downstream Yangzhou area. There are refugees in the vast areas of the upper reaches, and the Luoyang court also has the governor's secretariat. Without a stable upstream, there will be no security downstream of a powerful country. Yongjia five years, with Wang Dun as the commander-in-chief, conquered all the military forces in the world, and unified Gan Long and Zhou Yan to visit Jiangxi. When I arrived in Jiangzhou, I met the power of Huayi.
Huayi is also Wang Yue's confidant in the East China Sea. Yongjia Renzhong Jiangzhou Secretariat. "In the country, there is great prestige. The heroes in the state are friendly and deeply liked by the river. Exiles go home. " Huayi badly to "Luo Jing sent, Shouchun overseers. When Luo Jing still exists, he can't just accept Yuan Di's orders. " Although they belong to the same faction, the new interests have brought them to the same level. After the expiration of Tao Kan's funeral, he went out with Wang Yue of Donghai. Sima Yue accepted him as a soldier and supervised Jiangzhou military affairs. With this relationship and Tao Kan's fame, Huayi made Tao Kan a general and led three thousand troops to Tunxiakou. And Tao Kan's nephew became Hua Yi's army.
The contradiction between Hua Yi and Si Marui is becoming more and more acute. Tao Zhen "was afraid of it, but he came back from his illness. Bai Kan said:' Hua () has the ambition to worry about the world, but his talent is insufficient and he is not as good as evil spirits, so it is difficult to do it. ""Tao Kan felt that he had betrayed Hua Yi and violated loyalty and righteousness, so he was very angry and "dismissed Yi". Tao Zhen sneaked to the health clinic. This made Si Marui "happy", became a soldier, joined General Wei Fen, built a fake red chamber to build a car and preach. Kan is saying goodbye to Huayi ". Tao Kan's "condemnation" greatly weakened Huayi. China was defeated and killed, and Tao Kan was promoted to General Long Xiang and Wuchang Prefecture. Tao Kan once declared that "father should serve the country with resources", but at the critical moment he turned his back on Huayi. At that time, there was nothing to blame for Tao Kan's behavior, and historians did not criticize it. This shows that during the Jin Dynasty, gentry bureaucrats acted for the benefit of family background.
Yongjia five years (3 1 1), Si Marui occupied Jiangzhou. However, most of the upper reaches of Jingxiang were occupied by rebel refugees headed by Du Tao. Wang Dun, that is, Governor Tao Kan and Zhou Zhou visited Du Tao. At that time, the Jingzhou secretariat's weekly visit was trapped in Shuicheng by Du Taowei. Tao Kan sent troops to attack it, but Du Tao retreated. Tao Kan told the generals that Du Tao would attack Wuchang by land. So the army cut corners and marched for three days and three nights, lying in ambush around Wuchang. Du Tao really came to attack, and Tao Kan led the ambush out, broke the ambush, seized the trench, and suffered heavy casualties. Du Tao's defeated troops retreated into Changsha. Wang Dun named Tao Kan a captain of Nan Man and a secretariat of Jingzhou. Tao Kan won the first battle, and ricas' prediction more than ten years ago came true, which made him a little carried away. Unexpectedly, his Ministry betrayed him with Wang Gong. Wang Gong combined with the refugees to sneak attack, and the soldiers were defeated. After another battle, Tao Kan's boat was also hooked by the rebels. Luckily, he jumped on a boat and escaped. The fiasco also deprived him of his new position. But Wang Dun felt it necessary for Tao Kan to eliminate the refugee uprising. So, he made Tao Kan a "white-collar worker".
Tao Kan led Zhou to Hunan, made friends with him, and won the battle. In the third year of lite (3 15), Du Tao uprising was finally suppressed by Tao Kan. At this time, Jing, Xiang and Jiang in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were all under the control of Wang Dun. Si Marui's separatist regime south of the Yangtze River has become a reality. In this process, Tao Kan undoubtedly played an important role. Just as Tao Kan was preparing to enter Jingzhou, the old drama of "a wily rabbit dies and a running dog cooks" was repeated on him.
"Will also jiangling, don't want to notions of tao Kan, HuangFuFang back with zhu block, thought it was impossible. Don't talk. Guo Dun stayed in the rear and turned left to be the Guangzhou secretariat and the Pingyue corps commander. " Wang Dun doesn't want Tao Kan to be in charge of Jingzhou, for fear that he will find it difficult to work. On the other hand, mainly because Jingzhou is superior to others in manifold, Wang Dun wants autocratic power, but he certainly doesn't want Jingzhou to pretend to be others.
Wang Dun took his brother Wang Xun as Jingzhou. Tao Kan will be unfair to Wang Dun and rise up against him. Wang Dun thinks this is Tao Kan's instigation. "A spear will kill Kan, and four people will return. Kan primly said,' Now that you have made a decision, you should kill the world. Why not!' Because of going to the bathroom. Wang Dun's assistant collector warned that Tao Kan's in-laws would visit the orthodox soldiers in Zhang Yu every week, and if Tao Kan was killed, the weekly visit would never stop. Wang Dun just changed his mind and gave a farewell dinner. Tao Kan saw that he could make it, so he sent it overnight. Passing by, I couldn't help crying when I saw Zhou's visit: "If you hadn't outsourced, I would have been inevitable."
During the Jin Dynasty, the ruling order of the gentry was destroyed. Some politically depressed people tried to use this opportunity to establish political power. However, because the gentry's power is still strong and their own strength is insufficient, failure is inevitable. Chen Min is a typical example of this. If they want to find a political way out, they can only rely on a gentry. In this way, they are still in a driven and manipulated position. Tao Kan's experience reflected the political situation of the poor at that time.
Tao Kan will enter Guangzhou, and Du Hong and Wen Shao, who are more powerful than Du Fu, will occupy Guangzhou. Du Hong heard that Tao Kan was coming and pretended to surrender in an attempt to sneak attack. Tao Kan saw through his deception, deployed troops and defeated Du Hong in one fell swoop. "Please all the generals to attack Wen Shao; Kan smiled and said,' I have a reputation, so why send troops? But a letter is enough. ""A letter put Wen Shao away. Tao Kan then entered Guangzhou.
At that time, Guangzhou was less affected by the war and its territory was relatively stable. Tao Kan has been in the army for more than ten years and achieved remarkable results. Although he was excluded by Wang Dun, he was not willing to be the secretariat of frontier states. He "has nothing to do in the state and needs to be transported outside and inside the fast at dusk." People asked him why, and replied,' We are committed to the Central Plains, living too comfortably and afraid of suffering.' "In this way, he stayed in Guangzhou for ten years.