He is a monarch and a hegemon. He has always been uncompromising in the DPRK, so ministers are very nervous to get along with each other. But one minister dared to contradict him in court. As we know, Sima Qian was imprisoned for opposing Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Diding, a Confucian scholar, hit the top of the mountain, was sent to the frontier and died by the sword of the Huns. But why did you contradict Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and nothing happened? Even if the practice was wrong, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very tolerant of him. What kind of person is Ji 'an? Why did Emperor Wu tolerate him again and again? Why do you call him the Minister of State? & gt There is a very special phenomenon in the use of talents in Liang Wudi period, that is, Ji An and Ji An, the first generation of ministers, were the most honest and frank ministers in Liang Wudi period. This man gets along with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and many other ministers want to say what they dare not say and do what they dare not do. Let's look at it from several aspects. & gt the first point, resistance to purport. In feudal times, the emperor's orders were imperial edicts, and disobedience was disobedience, and disobedience was a capital crime. However, Ji An has repeatedly resisted imperial edicts. The first time was the third year of Jianyuan, that is, the third year of Liang Wudi's succession. At that time, there were two countries at war in the south, namely the king of Fujian and the king of Dongyue. Then Liang Wudi sent Ji An to inspect and let Ji An see what was going on. As a result, Ji 'an didn't go to the place where Fujian and East Vietnam fought. Where did he go? Go to Wu, which is today's Suzhou, then the county government of Huiji County. After he arrived, he stopped going and came back to look for a job. Emperor Wu asked him: How was your trip? He said I didn't go. Why don't you go? Ji An also spoke some truth. He said that Fujian and East Vietnam are both Vietnamese, and the Vietnamese custom is to kill and kill all day. It is not worth sending an angel to see him. So, Ji An was given this job by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but Ji An didn't do it, so he came back and said. Did Emperor Wu punish him? It is not recorded in the history books. But then another thing happened. Judging from the second thing, it is a very special phenomenon that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not punish him. The second thing was a fire in Hanoi County, which is now Wuzhi County, Henan Province. A fire broke out in this place, and thousands of houses were burned down at once. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Ji An to inspect. Of course, Liang Wudi's inspection was well-intentioned. As a wise king, he is very concerned about the sufferings of the people. It is right to send someone to look at their house. However, when Ji An came back, he reported to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the people in Hanoi caught fire because the houses of the people were built too densely, so it was not surprising that one family caught fire, which affected its neighbors. But through Henan county, which is connected with Hanoi county, and the county governance of Henan county is Luoyang in Henan today. He said, I found the local disaster after passing through Henan county, and I passed on your imperial edict to open the granary in Henan county and help the victims. He didn't go where he should go or where he shouldn't. He forged the imperial edict and got things done. These things are absolutely impossible for other ministers, but Ji An did. This is the first time that two Vietnamese armies met. This time, it seems that Emperor Wu did not punish him. If he is severely punished, he will not dare to do it again. Because he dared to do it for the first time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't punish him, so a second fire broke out in Hanoi, and he did it again, resisting the decree twice. Ji An came back to confess, saying that I had falsely preached the imperial edict, and I wanted to confess. Where is Emperor Wu? At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty not only did not punish him, but promoted him to official position. What was the original official name of Ji 'an? Called messenger, messenger is the secretary responsible for sending and receiving official documents, and is the confidential secretary of the emperor. It's okay now. I promoted him to county magistrate. According to historical records, Ji An has three words: "Shame is the order". He felt ashamed to be a county magistrate, so he resigned. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard that Ji An resigned, he did not punish Ji An, but transferred Ji An to the central government, appointed him as a Chinese medicine practitioner and promoted him to an official position. & gt Once Emperor Wu, Ji An's appearance gave people a feeling of individuality. He dared to disobey the imperial edict and spread it falsely, but Emperor Wu tolerated it. Supposedly, Ji An did something, became famous and got a promotion. He should be a man with his tail between his legs, but he began to attack the policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty towards Hungary. You know, fighting against the Huns is the national policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Now, has Ji An stirred up a hornet's nest? Will Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tolerate Ji An as he did last time? & gt Let's look at the second aspect. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reigned for 54 years and fought against Xiongnu for 44 years. It can be said that the biggest thing that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty did in his life was to go to war with Xiongnu. But in the matter of fighting the Huns, Ji An is the opposition, and Ji An advocates pro-marriage. He even had two fights with Emperor Wu in one year because he handled the relationship with Xiongnu well, which is unique among ministers. The first time was in the second year of Yuanshou. This year, the Sino-Hungarian War took a major turning point. We talked about the war against Hungary before. What happened? It was the evil king's department in the west of Xiongnu that led the people to surrender, and more than 40 thousand Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty. This is a great event in the history of the war between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Hungary. Emperor Wu was very excited and asked for 20 thousand cars. The car of the Han dynasty was a car of four horses, and 20 thousand cars needed 80 thousand horses. Then, the 40,000 surrendered Huns were taken to Beijing. As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty lost a lot of horses because he fought against Xiongnu continuously. Since the country had no horses and could not afford these 20,000 cars, he borrowed horses from the people. As soon as the people heard that the country had borrowed horses to hide, the Chang' an county magistrate could not finish the task. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and wanted to kill Chang 'an county magistrate. At this time, Ji An was working on the right literature and history, which was an official in charge of the capital, and the Chang 'an county magistrate was his subordinate. Ji An said, don't kill Chang 'an county magistrate, just kill me, and the people will offer horses only after killing me. & gt？ He used this method to protect his subordinates, and also ran aground on Emperor Wu's plan to collect horses and transport Xiongnu surrenders. Soon, 40,000 surrendered Huns arrived in Beijing. After arriving in Beijing, another shocking case happened. What case? After these 40,000 Huns arrived in Beijing, he was a nomadic people. When he arrived in the capital of the farming nation, he saw that everything was rare, so he exchanged his things with the Han people, that is, doing business and buying and selling. What about this business? According to the laws of the Han dynasty, it is forbidden for Han businessmen to do this privately with Huns. We now call it border trade. At that time, the businessmen in Chang 'an had an illusion. He thinks your restrictions are limited to the border areas. Now that I'm in the capital, he surrendered. What's illegal for me to deal with him in Beijing? Therefore, this is also illegal. As long as you disobey the instructions of the central government, it is illegal to make a deal with the Xiongnu and trade. More than 500 people were arrested and sentenced to death, and now things are going to be big. Ji An made a special request to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty on this matter, and he asked Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to meet him alone. Ji An asked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to meet him alone, and then talked about his own views. He said you can't be punished because these people are ignorant. He didn't know that the laws of the Han dynasty prohibited trading with Huns, not only in the frontier, but also in Beijing. People don't know. It is not appropriate for you to execute all 500 people at once. And Ji An also put forward two points. He said the hunter was bad. He attacked our frontier fortress and killed our frontier people. In order to fight with him, how many people died and how many people were injured. I suggest that all the surrendered Huns be slaves to the families of martyrs who fought against the sacrifice of Huns. Another is to distribute all the property of Xiongnu to those families who died in state affairs to fight against Xiongnu. Ji 'an made two suggestions. Of course, we will talk about whether this proposal is appropriate. After listening to Ji An's generous speech, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said two words: "I haven't heard what Ji An said for a long time, and now I'm repeating it." . "What does this word mean? He said I haven't listened to Ji An for a long time, and today this guy is talking nonsense again. We can see that Emperor Wu disagreed with Ji An's words, but from this sentence, we can see that Emperor Wu was more tolerant of Ji An and did not cure him. I feel that Ji An is hot and dizzy, and said these stupid things again. & gt Ji An seems to be fighting with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, trying to see how tolerant Emperor Wu was. Ji An didn't give up when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty forbeared twice. Next, he not only targeted the attack at the favorite of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but even directly at Emperor Wu himself. As the saying goes, things can be repeated, but Ji An has no scruples. So, will Emperor Wu really get angry? Can he continue to tolerate Ji 'an? & gt Now, let's take another example to criticize Emperor Wu's favorite minister. Zhang Tang, one of the top ten cruel officials in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, was also a minister deeply trusted and loved by Emperor Wu. After Zhang Tang became Tingwei, he did a great thing, that is, he rearranged the laws in the early Han Dynasty, and he wanted to amend the laws. Ji An knew about it, and Ji An said that Zhang Tang was serious. Ji An said so. As a state official, that is, a senior official at the ministerial level, you can't carry forward the achievements of the first emperor, and you can't let the people get rid of evil thoughts. " He Nai is bound by the high emperor, which is more controversial, so the public has no seeds. ""What does this word mean? Say that you took out all the laws enacted by Emperor Gaozu in those days and revised them. If you do this, you Zhang Tang will be childless from now on. To what extent is Ji An? His words are fierce. In front of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and courtiers, Zhang Tang was publicly called childless. This conflict is already fierce. Moreover, Zhang Tang and Ji An often quarrel over the imperial court. Zhang Tang was a favorite in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Ji An criticized such a favorite mercilessly. & gt Fourth, it is more serious. He criticized Emperor Wu's policies and ministers in order to criticize Emperor Wu himself. Biography of Historical Records of Zheng Ji records a very classic dialogue between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Ji An. Ji An thus exposed the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He said: "Your Majesty has many desires inside, and benevolence and kindness are applied outside. Why should it be effective? What are the rules of Tang Yu? " "Mean, your heart is so greedy, pretending to be kind on the surface, how can you follow Tang Yao and Yu Shun? If you follow the example of Tang Yao Yushun, wouldn't it be a slippery thing? It's impossible. This statement is very sharp. How sharp is this statement? According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Zheng Ji, Ji An was "silent" after saying this sentence. Emperor Wu's first reaction was "silence". He was silent. "Angry, discolored, and went on strike. It is to stop the meeting and discussion in this imperial court, that is to say, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was so angry that he didn't go to work. "All officials and ministers are afraid." At this time, ministers above the imperial court are listening. All the officials and ministers are worried about Ji An, thinking that there will be no good fruit for Ji An now. "Go up and retreat, that is, left and right." When Emperor Wu retired from the DPRK, he said to the people around him, "What a shame, Ji An." . "It means stupid, stupid and ignorant. Say this "very", this is a subject-predicate inversion sentence, saying that Ji An is stupid is not too much. Of course, this kind of "conceit" can also be described as brazen, that is, Ji An's words are too brazen. He publicly exposed me in front of all the ministers, saying that I had a lot of greed inside and pretended to be just outside. So this time, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got angry, he didn't go to work. He just gave a meeting on the spot, adjourned immediately and retired from the DPRK. After leaving the DPRK, the problem was that Emperor Wu complained, but he did not punish Ji An. The heaviest sentence he said was "I'm sorry for Ji An", that's all. Ministers for Ji An pinched the staff, all blame Ji An, say you can't say that, how to also have to save some face for the leadership, and he is the son of heaven, no matter how you say this is a bit too much. On the other hand, Ji An said, why did the emperor keep us ministers? The emperor raised us only to give him advice. What else can we do if we only eat rice and don't work? There is some truth in what Ji An said, that is, his naysayers against Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty have developed to the extent of publicly exposing and criticizing Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, so Ji An is very strange among Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. & gt Why do you say Ji 'an? It can be seen from Ji An that the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the most concentrated period of talents in the Western Han Dynasty. There were two talent peaks in the Western Han Dynasty. One is that during the reign of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, there were many civil servants and military commanders. One is that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there were many civilian military commanders. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, there were many talented people, and Ji An was one of them. There will be another episode in the future that will focus on the period of Emperor Wu. He has military commanders, including Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Li Guang. He also has civil servants, and he also has a large number of cruel officials; Among writers, he has Sima Xiangru, among historians, Sima Qian, and Liang Wudi was once a talented person. Why do so many talents emerge at the same time in this era? Ji An is very telling, because of the existence of Ji An, Emperor Wu always heard different voices. Of course, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed many people and many talents, and he also made many mistakes on the issue of talents. But you should also see that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he did have his unique features in selecting and appointing talents, and his tolerance for Ji An was a typical example. & gt If Ji An's words are correct, then Emperor Wu really has no reason to be angry, and the minister's opinions are correct, and the emperor will certainly adopt them with an open mind. But the problem is, what Ji An did was wrong. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent an imperial edict to Ji An to inspect the fire in Hanoi County, but he sent a false imperial edict to Henan County for disaster relief. In fact, he paid attention to one thing and lost another. Secondly, regardless of the border facts, he opposed Emperor Wu's attack on Xiongnu, which was flawed in itself, but Emperor Wu completely tolerated Ji An. We wonder why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tolerated Ji An, who was outspoken and had shortcomings in his work. & gt Why did Emperor Wu tolerate Ji An? You see that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not tolerate Sima Qian, and Sima Qian said such a sentence and sentenced him to death for false accusation. He couldn't tolerate Dishan, sent Dishan to the border and was killed a month later. Why can he tolerate Ji An? Where is this truth? I think the first one, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, saw Ji An's frankness and loyalty, which stood out. Although Ji An rebelled against the imperial edict and criticized the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Ji An was very distinctive. He considers all issues from the fundamental interests of the country and the nation. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw his frankness and loyalty from him and was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Of course, this is the wisdom of Emperor Wu and the luck of Ji An. I have another point of view. I think when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty looked at Ji An, he looked at Ji An as a child. What is childlike innocence? Don't argue with a child, especially with a stupid child. If the silly child says something, you lower yourself. Moreover, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has a strong self-esteem, and once an opinion is formed, it is not easy to change. So he looked at what Ji An and Ji An said. He took Ji An as a silly boy and ignored him. & gt At the same time, he also saw honesty and loyalty in Ji An. Of course, a direct minister like Ji An depends on what your leadership is. If only I met Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. If you meet Lv Hou, if Ji An lived in Lv Hou at that time, let alone one Ji An and ten Ji An, he would be killed. As we all know, Lv Hou dynasty had a minister named Zhou Chang. Zhou Chang was a direct minister in Liu Bang's time, but he never appeared in Lv Hou's time. Therefore, we say that the existence of Naoki is first of all the existence of a tolerant monarch, and what kind of leader will have what kind of subordinates, so the existence of Ji An has certain objective conditions. Although Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tolerated Ji An, after all, Ji An always stood by him, struggled with him and opposed him. He was a naysayer. He can tolerate him, but he won't reuse him. So GongSunHong get reuse, Zhang Tang get reuse, Ji An get reuse. Ji An grumbled when he didn't get important, and Ji An complained that "your majesty uses his ministers, such as accumulating salaries, and the latecomers come from behind." He complained like this. So we should have a comprehensive understanding of the ignorance of children just mentioned. Children's ignorance is a kind of luck, but it is also a kind of sadness, because what is hidden behind children's ignorance? There is a strong man hiding inside, and his the Monkey King can't jump out of the infinite clutches of the Tathagata. In this case, the strong will see the childlike innocence of the weak. So we say that he is lucky and sad, which is one of the reasons why Ji An was valued by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. & gt Another reason is that Ji An was very principled, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was afraid of Ji An. Ji An was an official of the Jingdi Dynasty, who washed horses for the Prince. At that time, Jingdi was afraid when he saw Ji An, because Ji An was very serious and principled, and Jingdi was afraid of him. When it comes to Emperor Wu, Emperor Wu is more afraid of Ji An. Let's look at two things. First, once Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was sitting in a big tent to handle official business, and happened to see Ji An coming to deliver reports and documents. But at this time, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty didn't wear a hat. Seeing that he didn't wear a hat, Ji An came in, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty hid behind the tent with a swish. Why? If he doesn't wear a hat to see Ji An, Ji An will criticize him mercilessly to his face. In order to avoid Ji An's criticism, he hid in the curtain and told his men that whatever Ji An reported would be allowed. Let him go as soon as you get permission. You see the extent to which Emperor Wu was afraid of Ji An. Of course, this first shows that Ji An is a man of principle, and the emperor dare not see him without a hat. On the other hand, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw General Wei Qing, he "looked from the toilet". What is a "toilet"? In the bathroom, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned General Wei Qing in the bathroom. Palace is the prime minister. When the official came to dinner, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dared not see him without a hat. However, Sima Qian deliberately wrote the following words: "If you look at it as dark, you will not look at it if you don't crown it. "As for Ji An, when he came to ask for it, Emperor Wu didn't dare to see Ji An as long as he didn't wear his hat. Ji An is a very principled person. This is the other side of his tolerance by the serious Emperor Wu. & gt Third, Ji An is brilliant. Although Emperor Wu tolerated Ji An and knew that he was a loyal minister, this guy was always around to make suggestions, which made Emperor Wu uneasy all day. Emperor Wu also wanted to ask him to be an official outside, so that I could be quiet for a few years, so he sent Ji An to be an official. Where did it go? Sent to Donghai County, which is Tan County in Shandong Province today, Ji An was sent away, and his official position has not changed. But after Ji An arrived in Donghai County, Ji An was in poor health and often fell ill. He governs one of the counties. How far has Ji An come? He stays in bed all day and hardly comes out to take care of things. He left things to his people to do. He is in charge of big things, regardless of small things. Donghai county has been rectified in recent years and will soon be well managed. Is Ji An do a county satrap, is lying in a hospital bed, governance of a county, so his official voice is very good. One more thing, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regarded Ji An as the minister of the country, which was a very high standard. Due to poor health, Ji An often falls ill. There was a rule in the law of the Han Dynasty that an official was ill. Even if you leave your job automatically after three months, your official will be gone. & gt？ But Ji An is an exception. When he was ill for almost three months, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave him an imperial edict, allowing you to rest for a few more months, so that he would not lose his official position. This is a special favor for Ji An. Later, Ji An was seriously ill and invited a fellow villager to take sick leave for him. Then Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked his fellow villager and said, What kind of person do you think Ji An is? This fellow villager told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that he usually used Ji An, but he didn't see anything extraordinary about him. If you let him help the young master, the old emperor will die. If you let him help a young master, there is no more suitable person than him, and no one can change his loyalty. After this sentence was finished, Emperor Wudi nodded frequently, and a few classic words were recorded in the history books, that is, after his fellow villagers finished speaking, Emperor Wudi said, "Yes, there were courtiers in ancient times, and there was darkness near." "Said that there was a country's minister in ancient times, and Ji An had already reached this standard. Therefore, in the eyes of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Ji An was a minister of a country. In other words, he can entrust his youngest son to others before he dies. This is Ji An in the eyes of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, so Ji An won the tolerance of Emperor Wu for many reasons. & gt Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed that Ji An was a loyal minister, so he could tolerate Ji An's contradictions and even Ji An's shortcomings. But Ji An also criticized many North Korean ministers. Some ministers are in high positions, not only holding power, but also celebrities around Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Can they tolerate Ji 'an's criticism? If they launch the whole Ji 'an, as the saying goes, an open gun is easier to hide than an open enemy, and an open enemy is more difficult to guard against. Honestly, can Ji An hide in the past? & gt Of course, just because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tolerated him does not mean that everyone else tolerated him. Zhang Tang and GongSunHong, whom he sharply criticized, are the most intolerant of him. These people all hate Ji An. As mentioned twice before, Ji An exposed Gong Sunhong, who was very cunning, and both of them "slipped away". And GongSunHong said in front of the emperor that Ji An was a great loyal minister, but actually GongSunHong hated Ji An. As we all know, it is a smiling tiger, seemingly honest but treacherous. He is such a person, so Gong's skill has always been impeded. When we were talking about Prime Minister Sun, he once asked Dong Zhongshu to be the king of Jiaoxi. He tried to kill Dong Zhongshu, but failed. He also killed his political opponent Zhu through the suicide of the King of Qi. So can he leave Ji 'an alone? Sure enough, GongSunHong made a suggestion to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and sent Ji An to be in charge of the capital. The capital is divided into two parts, and the right part is in charge of the right literature and history. As a result, Emperor Wu of Han agreed. Why did you send him? Gong Sunhong made a very reasonable point, saying that this place is difficult to manage because there are many royal relatives and so many dignitaries living in Beijing. You see, his appearance is not amazing, and he has a background, so it is difficult to govern. Therefore, GongSunHong suggested that Ji An should do the right civil affairs, in fact, he wanted Ji An to put in and kill Ji An. Because you are the official historian, poor management is dereliction of duty. Good management has offended a large number of powerful people, and there is no good fruit to eat when it is done. & gt？ So he sent Ji An, and Ji An did. As a result, after Ji An went there, he worked for several years, and managed the place in perfect order without any accident. This is very strange. What's Ji An's ability to run this place well? Sima Qian didn't write it, so we can't speculate. But I can give you an example. This example can make us understand some truth. For example, when the King of Huainan rebelled, Ji An was the person the King of Huainan feared most. What did King Huainan say? He said Ji An was a carrot and stick, and you couldn't convince him. As for Gong, you can easily convince him. Chu Huaiwang's original words are: How to arrange Gong Sunhong? "I'm confused, I'm shaking it off." He said that you want to settle Gong, just like this table is covered with a cloth, and you can settle it by uncovering this cloth. Another example is like a leaf on a tree. In autumn, when you shake them, the leaves will fall off. It is easy to solve Gong, but difficult to solve Ji 'an. You see, a rebellious warlord was most afraid of Ji An before he rebelled. So we can imagine why local relatives did not dare to act rashly after Ji 'an made an official history. Because they always knew Ji An's character, they dared not challenge Ji An. But on the whole, children's words are not smart. Neither Ji An nor GongSunHong were killed in the major case of the rebellion of Huainan Wang. Ji An, a senior official, finally died of illness in Huaiyang Prefecture, and Gong Sunhong died of old age in the Prime Minister's Office.