Brief introduction of poet
Luo Yin (833 ~ 909)
China was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Formerly known as Heng, Zi,No. Jiang Dongsheng. Hangzhou New Town (now Tonglu, Zhejiang) people. At the age of 20, you should be a scholar. You should try ten times. Luo Yin was born in troubled times, lived in frustration for most of his life, developed a cynical ideological character and was good at banter and satire.
His prose and sketch are the highest achievements. He named his collection of essays "The Book of Recitation" and said that his writing intention was "if there is something that can be done, I will do it", so "we should warn the present as well as the future". In the form of expression, essays and essays have direct comments, satire, useful prose style, useful fu style, physical likeness and eclecticism, all of which can be laughed at and denounced, full of interest, vivid and pungent, and hit the nail on the head. Luo Yin also has some good narratives and political papers and simple dialectical thoughts. Poetry is mostly entertaining and scenic, showing some feelings of lack of talent, but generally speaking, the realm is narrow and the tone is inevitably low. Some of his satirical poems are sharp and powerful, which are similar to his essays. In the late Tang Dynasty, Luo Yin's poetic style was simple, easy to understand and fluent. His story is true, his language is popular, and he is especially good at refining folk spoken language. Some poems are written like vernacular and become common proverbs and maxims in later generations.
Luo Yin Bee Translation and Appreciation
Original:
No matter underground or on the mountain, where there are flowers in full bloom, there are bees busy.
Bee, you harvest flowers to make nectar. Who has worked hard and who wants to taste the sweetness?
Bee translation and annotation
translate
No matter on the flat ground, on the mountain, where flowers bloom in the wind, there are bees running.
Bee, you picked all the flowers and made nectar. Who have you worked hard for and who do you want to taste the sweetness?
To annotate ...
Mountain peak: Mountain peak.
Do: all.
Occupy: occupy all.
Sweet: mellow honey.
Bees appreciate bees appreciate.
Luo Yin's poems about objects are often unique, ironic and thought-provoking. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Xianglong's Theory of Ci said: "The works of chanting things, borrowing things to carry temperament. Any sense of life experience and worries about the country are hidden in it, and there is a long way to go. " It is on the basis of in-depth and meticulous observation of things that Luo Yin integrated what he chanted into his strong worries about his home and country and his life experience, which made him stand out in the poetry circles of the late Tang Dynasty by satirizing the world. Bees express their thoughts on social and historical issues by reciting the natural phenomenon of bees picking flowers and making honey for people to enjoy.
The first two sentences describe the living conditions of bees, who are constantly shuttling and working among flowers. The vast territory gives them considerable space to display. No matter "or" infinite ",bees" occupy all the scenery "in their hard work Written simply, it looks plain and straightforward, almost in the tone of appreciation and praise. In fact, it is ingenious, first promoting and then restraining, paving the way for the following discussion.
The last two sentences closely follow the image of "bee", extending and expanding the image of "laborer" it symbolizes, and exclaiming that "after a hundred flowers blossom into honey, no one can be sweet". At the same time, it also raises an intriguing question: the collected flowers have turned into honey, and the hard work has finally achieved gratifying results. When the topic changes, who is this hard work for? In the dark and decadent society at that time, it was an exploiter who lived in a high position and held heavy power for nothing. The irony was self-evident. The poet accused those who were addicted to profiteering in rhetoric. After a long period of mourning, he couldn't help feeling sympathy for the working people. From another side, he mocked and lashed at the unfair reality that workers can't get and people can't get. While expressing his grievances for the working people, he also reflected on his long-term situation of not being an official and expressed his regret for the late Tang Dynasty.
This poem about bees, with symbolic means and questioning methods, reflects the social phenomenon that workers can't enjoy the fruits of their labor. It is different from Zhang Bi's The Farmer's Invasion of the Stars, Mei's Millet on the Head Belongs to Others and Tao Ren, which can be interpreted in this way. Both of them are lamenting the bitter experience of life and how difficult the social world is, which is thought-provoking and thought-provoking.
Luo Yin's singing of "Bees" is unique in artistic expression. Take "bee" as an example, what is sung is both in form and spirit, and what is even more rare is that what is sung is obvious and profound. "If you don't stick to it, it will be the best" (a poem with a classroom), and the process of pursuing "likeness" is just like Yan Yu's Canglang Poetry: "Poetry has only one extreme. To yi, do yi. Awkward. "The text is exquisite, the text is far-reaching, the narrative and discussion techniques are tacit, the language narrative is not rhetorical, plain and thoughtful, supplemented by elegant and deep words.
Bees and butterflies have become symbols of charm in the poet's works. However, little bees are different from China after all. It has been working hard to make honey all its life, accumulating a lot, but enjoying very little. Around this point, the poet Luo Yin wrote such an "animal story" with deep feelings. Its meaning alone is refreshing. The artistic expression of this poem is noteworthy in three aspects:
First, to grasp the reason, we must be strong. This poem focuses on the feelings of the last two sentences, giving bees a lifetime of career, with nothing but "hard work". But the first two sentences are almost boastful, saying that whether it is a plain field or a mountain, where flowers bloom, there is a bee's territory. Here, the author uses extreme adverbs, adjectives such as "no matter", "infinite" and "exhausted" and unconditional sentences, saying that bees "occupy all the scenery" seems to contradict the theme. In fact, this is just the opposite statement, trying to grasp the reason and putting on airs for the last two sentences. As the saying goes, if you lift it high, you will fall hard. So the last two sentences are the inversion of the first two sentences, saying that bees pick flowers into honey, and I don't know whose it is. If the word "occupy" is swept away, the expression effect will be stronger. If I had written from the beginning, I wouldn't be so powerful.
Second, narrative backchat, singing sigh and affection. This poem uses narrative and discussion techniques, but the discussion is not explicitly issued, but said in a rhetorical tone. The first two sentences are mainly narrative, while the last two sentences are mainly discussion. The last two sentences, three main narratives and four main discussions. "Picking a hundred flowers" means "hard work" and "becoming honey" means "sweetness". However, due to the difference between the main narrative and the main exposition, the last two sentences have the meaning of repetition and have no sense of repetition. It turns out that the rhetorical question only means: who are you sweet for and who are you willing to work for? But it is divided into two questions: "Who are you working for?" "Sweet for whom"? Also repeated and not repeated. Obviously, hard work belongs to oneself, and sweetness belongs to others. Repeated chanting makes people deeply moved. The poet is full of pity.
Third, it is profound and can be interpreted in two ways. This poem captures the characteristics of bees without affectation, painting or rhetoric. Although plain and thoughtful, it allows readers to learn something from this "animal story" and feel that it contains a feeling of life. Some people say that this poem is really a sigh of the world's efforts to benefit the rich; Some people think that bees are used to praise hard-working workers, while those exploiters who get something for nothing are mercilessly satirized. These two solutions seem inconsistent, but in fact they are both allowed. Because there are two kinds of "fable" poems: one is that the author makes a metaphor for some kind of preaching, and the meaning is simple and certain; The other is that the author looks at things with strong feelings and makes things look like people, which can also be used for reference, but the "meaning" is not so simple. In such a poem, the author probably saw the shadow of the bitter days at that time from the "story" of bees, but he just wrote down the "story" without direct preaching or specific comparison, and his image was more flexible. In real life, bitter days have different meanings, which are similar to bees in two aspects: one is the so-called "there is not much bitterness in the end, and eyes are closed for a long time"; One is "hoe the ground?" The invasion of the stars and the head of Xiaomi belong to others. "This makes readers have different understandings in two senses. However, with the progress of the times, labor glory has become a universal concept, and "bee" has become a symbol of virtue. When people read Luo Yin's poems, they naturally prefer the latter. It can be seen that the meaning of "fable" is not static, and the ancient "fable" will change with each passing day.