Huang taiji retreated to Beijing for three miles. On December 1st, he led an army to Liangxiang and captured its city. Wu Nage, the company commander, killed everyone in Gu 'an County. 16, learned that Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty put Yuan Chonghuan in jail, and Huang Taiji thought it was a godsend, so he returned to Beijing Lugou Bridge. Shen Fu, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty, led 7,000 troops to resist, and the right-wing five-flag soldiers met and annihilated the Ming army on pages 4 and 6 of A Record of Donghua. , and lieutenant wyndell dichinson happeneth, knife wound plexus body, arrow wound several holes and died.
Nomads from the capital, 20 miles away from Beijing, continued to attack the city and plunder the land, and then defeated a battalion of Ming soldiers. That night, they learned from the captors that two miles south of Yongdingmen, there were four company commanders, Man Gui, Hei Yunlong, Ma Dengyun and Sun Zushou, leading 40,000 infantry, erecting wooden fences and arranging ten guns in all directions. . Huang taiji then ordered all the soldiers to send three drums in unison. At dawn on the 17th, ten flag soldiers, quick march, fought outside Yongding Gate. The bravest thing is to take the lead in breaking into the Heshuo soil of the Ming army. Mangui is brave and dares to fight. He led 5000 soldiers to the war. Because they were outnumbered, they were defeated by the soldiers of Houjin. He, deputy general Sun Zushou and more than 30 guerrilla generals were killed in the battle. Six musts: "Ming Ji Bei Lu Lulue" Volume 5, Man Gui died. . Black Yunlong, Ma Dengyun and other company commanders were captured and surrendered. After that, Jin's Biography of Ming History and Mangui (Volume 27 1). See Xia Xie: Jian, Volume 8 1. Shi Jing earthquake. The 6,000 war horses captured by the late generals will be awarded to eight ministers, company commanders and lieutenant generals respectively.
At this time, the late generals will attack Beijing. Huang taiji saw that the territory of the Ming Dynasty was still strong, easy to obtain and difficult to keep. If you don't train, you can wait for destiny. " Zhao Wei: Miscellanies of Xiao Ting, Volume 1. He left a letter to Emperor Chongzhen, reiterating his intention to make peace, and then moved to the northwest of Beijing.
On the 22nd, Abatai, Gilhallan, Azig, Dudu, Sahelian and company commander Yang Guli were sent to attack Zhangjiawan with 3,000 men and set fire to about 1000 ships.
On the 27th, Abatai, Yuetuan, Sahelian and Hogg were sent to surround Yongping. On the same day, Huang Taiji, Baylor Daishan, Mang Courtais and others led five hundred guards and firearms campers to Jizhou to inspect the situation, joined five thousand Shanhaiguan soldiers who came to aid Jizhou, spread out their camps and fired their guns. Baylor led the troops into the camp and completely annihilated Tiancong 4 recorded by Donghua. .
The next day, Huang Taiji received a report from General Zunhua: "Governor Miyun and Jizhou Road joined forces in Zunhua and were attacked on all sides. Our soldiers fought against the enemy and killed many people, but the enemy was defeated. "
On the 29th, Baylor Tong's flag soldiers were sent to Zunhua, defeating 5,000 Ming cavalry who came to attack, killing one Ming lieutenant and winning 500 camels and 0/470 horses/kloc.
In the fourth year of Tiancong (the third year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), on the first day of the first month, after that, the Jin army crossed the town of Hazel, went down to Shaheyi, arrived at Luanhe River to Yongping, and the Ten Banners besieged the city and camped. Huang Taiji sent lieutenant Ashan and Ye Chen to select 24 warriors to attack the city. When climbing the ladder, four people climbed first, two people stood on each side, four people climbed quickly, sixteen people climbed in an endless stream, and then Ashan and Ye Chen climbed in person. Later, he ordered one member of each flag officer to lead a thousand soldiers to help him. On the morning of the 4th, before dawn, the nomads from the rear attacked Yongping City and fired artillery arrows. The cannon of the north tower rang, and all the soldiers took advantage of the situation to climb the city, and the city was broken. Twenty-four people, including Ashan, Ye Chen and the Warrior, braved the blazing fire to climb the city, and were called "the first-class warrior in China" by Huang Taiji, and issued an edict: "If the city is attacked in the future, it is not allowed to climb again." Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, Volume 6.
In this battle, Ming soldiers prepared deputy envoys Zheng and magistrate Zhang Fengqi, pushed officials Luo Chenggong and Lu Hualong, taught Zhao, and deputy commanders Jiao Yanqing and Cheng garrisoned Zhao and Dong Shengwei, commanded Zhang Guohan, and the village's Zhongshu Sheren Liao Ruqin, Han Yuandong and Wu Jutang's Jun all died. Zhang Chu, the magistrate of a county and the minister of the household, was in the heart, and the soldiers were prepared for the road. Cui, the pedestrian, Bai Yangyuan, the head of the household, swam until Yang Shengyuan and others surrendered to Donghua and recorded Tiancong 5. . At dawn, Huang taiji ordered Baker's sea, guerrilla high and company commanders to keep the yellow flag on the city, and ordered the loyalist people to shave their heads. It is worth noting that in order to win the hearts of the people and eliminate the resistance of the Han people, after occupying Yongping, Huang Taiji instructed the soldiers of the Ming Dynasty to "collect their weapons and return to their original places". When they met ordinary Han people, they "returned to their hometown in the village" and asked them to "farm in time, give cattle tools and go back to the village to farm with peace of mind". In order to solve the shortage of talents in the late Jin Dynasty and disintegrate the effect of the other side, a large number of officials and generals were appointed. In particular, officials who were dismissed by the Ming dynasty were reused. For example, Yongping was promoted to governor, and the place where Yongping belonged was managed by the submissive people. Meng Qiaofang and Yang were lieutenant generals with 400 troops and horses, armour, bows and arrows. Huang taiji gave himself a black fox skin and so on, and personally summoned Meng Qiaofang, Yang and other Chiang Kai-shek: "Donghua Record" Volume II. . These people are grateful and have repeatedly said that they will do their best for the latter. Later, it was stipulated that "don't doubt that civilians are spies" and "Records of Qing Taizong" (Volume 7). , only Li Chunwang beheaded "A Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty" Volume 6. .
Huang taiji led the army to Shanhaiguan, leaving Gil Harlan and Sahelian with 10,000 troops to guard Yongping. The imperial edict said, "Everything I do is to seek safety. If the enemy comes, don't go out of the city lightly, but wait for the horses. Enemy at the Gates can separate the Han people from each other, live in separate rooms, distinguish them one by one, write their names on the door, and let them live according to their posts. " Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, Volume 6.
After Jin Jun conquered Yongping, Changli County magistrate Zuo just took office. He is very brave. After hearing the news, he went to look around the city and told people not to panic. He will close the city gate, gather soldiers, practice militia, cure gunpowder, list the medicines in the city, and swear to stick to it.
After more than 7,000 nomads arrived at Dongguanhou Temple in Changli County, they were divided into three camps to attack the city. Jun Chen Min and Wang Jinyu, who were born in Yongping, rode for more than ten times, carrying the yellow flag to the gate. The leftists should choose to denounce and refuse. Huang Taiji sent dozens of Mongolian soldiers from Aohan, Naiman, Bahrain, Zalut and other places to attack with artillery rockets, which was defeated by the Ming army. He also ordered Dalha, Kagudeli and other ministers to lead thousands of troops to attack the city day and night, but they still failed. 13, Huang taiji said to the soldiers: "shotguns and cannons come from far away, and it is difficult to avoid them. As for the arrow stone, you can avoid it within your eyesight and should attack it well. " Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, Volume 6. So, the right four banners attacked the south, the left four banners attacked the east, and Aohan, Naiman, Bahrain and Zalut attacked the north. They all put ladders under the city. When the sergeant was about to enter the city, there were rolling stones, guns and birds, which were difficult to attack. The messenger said he would surrender and was lured to death by Zuo. Want to chisel into the city, and lack of shovels and pickaxes. Daishan, invincible, send someone to fight. So he burned the house near the city, evacuated from the county seat for forty miles, and camped in Liuhe.
Because Qian 'an and Luanzhou surrendered one after another, on 17, Gushan was ordered to station in Luanzhou with his own flag soldiers, namely Namutai, Heshuotu, Tuerge and Gu Santai. To this end, Huang Taiji issued the following orders:
Look at the situation. If the city people succeed, they can go to the city. If they still resist, they can plan. If it is not profitable, take the ladder to attack; If the troops in the city are still strong, we must not attack them and return to the division immediately. Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, Volume 6.
This time, when all the troops were behind, the guerrillas Gao and Kul led ten people to go first to lure Kaesong. When the soldiers entered the city, they got 472 ingots of silver and 1009 stones of grain. On the same day, more than 3,000 horses captured before were ordered to be brought back to Shenyang with 1000 people led by Baileyue and Haug.
At this time, there was a new minister in the Ming Dynasty named Liu Zhilun, who was born as a farmer and studied hard since childhood. He was nicknamed "Liu Shengren". After he was admitted to Jinshi, he also studied military technology and tried to make western cannons and new chariots out of wood. He also knows the art of war, so he was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. He is very grateful. After his good friends, General Shen Fu and General Mangui, died in battle, they resolutely invited themselves to resist the nomads from Jin. His request to lead the Beijing battalion was not approved by the court, and he also asked to lead the Sichuan soldiers through the customs, but he was still not allowed. So he recruited 10 thousand people and divided them into eight battalions, with eight lieutenant generals. The courtiers were very jealous when they saw that Liu Zhilun was suddenly promoted to a higher position and ordered to be a teacher. There was an official named Wen, who ordered people to put pressure on him and said, "You should resign as an assistant minister and go to war with the title of minister." Liu Zhilun ignored it.
In the rain and snow, Liu Zhilun led thousands of people to swear, inspiring soldiers, police and post-herders to fight to the end. He led the army to leave Beijing for Tongzhou, but the general guarding the city refused to accept it. He and his men had to camp in the ancient temple in the rain and snow. At this time, the official took this opportunity to attack him for "staying". Liu Zhilun was very angry and gave advice to Chongzhen, saying, "I'm a little jealous. If something happens, pass the buck; if nothing happens, sow discord. I just got into trouble because I was appointed assistant minister. " Please cut off my officials and give me this skeleton to go home. "Chongzhen read the letter, dismissed it and encouraged it. Liu Zhilun had to lead the troops across Tongzhou, eastward and leave Jizhou. He led eight battalions to Zunhua and marched to Niangniangmiao Mountain, 80 miles outside the city.
The latter Zunhua nomads from the city, defeated Liu Zhilun second battalion, the rest of the battalion is still not retreat. On the 22nd, Dai Shan arrived with 30,000 fighters, and his guns and arrows were fired in unison. He defeated Liu Zhilun's soldiers and captured a general, saying that Liu Zhilun was stationed in Niangniangmiao Mountain. Dai Shan invaded and told Liu Zhilun to surrender. After being rejected, he ordered the attack. Liu Zhilun fired a shot back, only to find that the shot rang, causing chaos in the barracks. The left and right generals advised him to retreat slowly. Liu Zhilun reprimanded: "Not many words! I was accepted by the court with great kindness and great virtue, and I died to serve the country! " Strictly order the drums to fight again. The two sides are fighting like locusts. Seeing that the Ming army couldn't hold on, Liu Zhilun took the ribbon off his body and gave it to his family to let him go back to the court. At this time, the nomads have broken through the Ming army and suddenly entered the mountains. Liu Zhilun hid in a rock and was found by Mu Chengge, the son of the late Jin company commander. He was immediately shot dead with an arrow. In this battle, Liu Zhilun's eight battalions were annihilated by seven battalions, and only one battalion escaped at night. When the defeat was reported to the imperial court, Chongzhen gave Liu Zhilun an excellent shirt, The Biography of Liu Zhilun in Ming Dynasty (Volume 26 1). Xia Xie: Notes on Tong Ming, Volume 82. .
The four cities of Zunhua, Yongping, Luanzhou and Qian 'an that Huang Taiji will capture are all held by soldiers as wedges in the pass. Ordered Baylor Abatai, Giralang, Sahelian, civil servants Sony, Ning Wanwo and Kamtu to lead the white, red and blue soldiers to guard Yongping House; Chen Wen, Bao Chengxian, the white dove led the yellow flag and the blue flag guarded Gan 'an. With Luanzhou as the border area, Gushan was commanded by Zhentulge and Namutai, and the officers and men of the Yellow, Red and White Banners were led by Kuer and Gao. He also ordered Chahala to be the commander-in-chief, and Fan Wencheng led the Mongolian Eight Banners to keep Zunhua's Record of Qing Taizong (Volume 6). .
On February 22, Huang Taiji also said to Baylor: "Sergeant Kun should be severely punished and obedient people should not be infringed. If there is a violation, the number of cattle recorded should be controlled and all penalties should be imposed. " The rest of the troops, led by Huang Taiji, returned to Shenyang at Lengkouguan (northeast of Gan 'an County) on March 2nd. Shortly after Huang Taiji returned to Shenyang, he sent Baylor A Min and Baylor Shuotuo to relieve Abatai and stationed in Yongping, Luanzhou, Qian 'an and Zunhua.
After that, Jin Jun occupied four Ming cities, such as Wang Yang Island on the sea, Ming Dynasty! On May 9th, the third year of Chongzhen (the fourth year of Tiancong), under the command of Sun Chengzong, Ma Shilong, the company commander of Shanxi, Zu Dashou, the company commander of Jinzhou, Yang, Zu Dale, Zu Kefa and Zhang Hongmo led the troops to attack Luanzhou. More than 30,000 people in various townships armed with grain took part in the siege war. Zhou Wenyu: Notes on Border Politics and Chronicle of Lianbodian Township Soldiers. . After Jingu Mountain, the defenders of the wooden platform, Turg and Tang Gudai were divided and held, and the Ming army was repeatedly defeated and driven out of the trenches.
At this time, A Min and Shuotuo got the news that Luanzhou was besieged in Yongping, and only sent the minister Ba to lead hundreds of troops to reinforce Luanzhou, which was annihilated by the Ming army. A Min arbitrarily withdrew Qian 'an garrison soldiers and county residents and entered Yongping House. Ming soldiers attacked the city with red cannons, smashed battlements and burned towers. The wooden platform, Turg, Tang Gudai and others were unable to support themselves, so they abandoned Luanzhou on the twelfth night and ran to Yongping. While it was raining cats and dogs, the Jin army did not resist, and then retreated in panic, causing chaos, or twenty or thirty people were stopped by the Ming army everywhere, killing and injuring more than 400 people.
A Min and Tuowen were too scared to meet the defeated army, let alone wait for the rear army to arrive. They ordered Zunhua Shoujiang Zahara and others to abandon the city and flee, and put to death Bai, the governor of Yongping New Han Dynasty, Zhang, Taibu Temple, Bai Yangyuan, Bai Heng, the magistrate, Chen Qinghua, and others. . At the same time, he ordered a massacre of all the people in the city, packed up gold, silver, silks and satins, abandoned Yongping that night and fled to Donghua, Shenyang to record Tiancong 5. . Huang taiji has sent baili to Yongping for relief. Seeing this situation, he had to quit. Yongping, Luanzhou, Qian 'an and Zunhua were all lost in a few days. The Ming dynasty called this battle "respect for courage and great victory."
Huang taiji was furious when he heard the news. When the news came out, the whole country was hurt and filled with indignation. On June 4th, Huang Taiji was defeated by A Min from Yongping, so that all Baylor ministers were not allowed to enter the city, camped fifteen miles away, and only foot soldiers were allowed to enter the city. On June 7th, Minister Baylor and civil and military officials gathered together. At the meeting, Yue Yun was ordered to announce A Min's count of 16, starting from the count of 10, all related to guarding Yongping. For example, Article 10, after Huang Taiji left the fortress, ordered A Min to go to Yongping and other four cities to replace Girard Lang, but he actually offered to stay with his younger brother Girard Lang. Huang taiji and Jilalang worked hard and didn't agree. A Min said to his uncle behind his back, "Don't let me be with my brother, I'll shoot him with an arrow." His uncle scolded him, but he waved and said, "I killed my brother." What would I do? " Article 11: A Min's entry into Yongping Mansion is beyond the stipulation of Huang Taiji: officials should greet him with two umbrellas. Article 12 is that when he entered the first-class yamen, he deeply hated the Han people and refused to support the people, claiming that soldiers would fill his bags. Article 13 is to drive the Han people into slavery, deliberately destroy their careers, and give them the name of "heartless world." Article 14 is the official guarding Yongping and others, who is unwilling to hold this place for fear of his life. A Min doesn't care about state affairs, but spreads discontent and distracts people's attention. Fifthly, A Min was stationed in Yongping, but he sent someone to Harqin to propose marriage by force and took his second daughter as his wife. Article 16 is that Ming soldiers surrounded Luanzhou for three days and three nights. A Min had the most and best soldiers, but he stood by and let them fall. He only sent one or two hundred people to save him, and he died in vain. Luanzhou fell and was defeated. It did not meet the defeated troops, nor did it wait for the rear troops to arrive. In fact, it retreated first. He didn't listen to advice, even abandoned the three cities, massacred Yongping and Qian 'an officials and people, plundered money and livestock and returned Volume 7 of A Record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty. .
Sixteen counts, seven counts including Yongping Four Cities were abolished, and Minister Baylor discussed the crime and demanded death. Huang taiji was generous all his life, only went to prison, and took away his population, slaves, property and livestock. He only gave 20 people, including Zhuang Min No.6 and Garden No.2, as well as his son's wet nurse, 500 sheep, 20 cows and 20 edible cows. Shuotuo, Tanggudai, Namutai, Babutai, Turg, etc. Also fired, or borrowed from their home "Donghua Record" for four years in June. .
Of course, the complete downfall of A Min is not a complete abandonment of the four cities of Shanhaiguan. A Min is the eldest son of Nurhachi's younger brother Surhachi. Nurhachi was highly valued when he was alive, and he was called "Four Baylers" along with Daishan, Mangutai and Huang Taiji. Zonurhachi has mastered maintenance. After Huang taiji was in the position of Khan, he was still highly valued and sat with Huang taiji in court proceedings. This situation has been very unsuitable in the era of strengthening feudal centralization in the late Jin Dynasty. What A Min did in Yongping shows that he still pretends to be a Manchu aristocrat, arrogant and self-righteous. The failure of the four cities of Yongping left Huang Taiji in a passive position politically and militarily, so we had to take the opportunity to get rid of him as a representative of outdated old forces.
The Battle of Keith was the first time that Hou Jin entered the fortress. It took seven months from October 27th, the third year of Tiancong (the second year of Chongzhen 1629), to May 11th, the fourth year of Tiancong (the third year of Chongzhen 1630), when Yingdong returned. In the meantime, the Ming and Qing dynasties fought with swords and shadows on the battlefield, met with each other, and also secretly discussed and negotiated. After the war, Kim's circuitous surprise attack ended successfully. After the rulers entered the customs for the first time, they swept through and drove straight into the city until Beijing was at the gates. "Every battle will win, and every defeat will fail." Peking University Collection: Tiancong carved this book in the first month of the fourth year. , and achieved a complete success.
The failure of the Ming army and the March of the late Jin Dynasty were first due to the emptiness of the Ming defense. "There is nowhere to station troops, and the Central Plains has long risen, with extremely rich cultural relics and completely sparse alert. If the thief enters the customs, it is not difficult to drive. " North Korea's Record of Renzu in the Li Dynasty, Volume 22, page 8. According to Ma Guangyuan, a participant in Jianchang Road after surrender, when he arrived, what he saw was thin military forces, insufficient money and food, empty border defense and decadent Ge Jia. Seeing that I was about to report the situation of foreign countries urgently, I knew at that time that the nomads from behind had the intention of suddenly invading Jiyumen, so I presented this situation to the government office. He listened hopefully and realized his ambition. Unexpectedly, the civil servant loves money, the military attache is jealous, and he is disheartened. Every day he feels bored and sighs. . This case alone illustrates the serious situation of defending emptiness in the Ming Dynasty.
Secondly, The Ming dynasty emperors was fatuous and treacherous, killed Yuan Chonghuan by mistake, looked down on Liao people, and even lost the morale. Some people say that every fifty Liao generals from Zu Dashou to the company commander, if they make good use of them, they will become enemies of the latter; If you don't make good use of it, it's a traitor in the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Chonghuan attached great importance to Liao people, who were also willing to serve. . After Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, Liao Bing said sadly, "What's the use of making meritorious service here?" On the contrary, it forces them to invest in the latter.
With such morale, the people's hearts will be scattered, and there is no will to persist, which is also a major reason for the failure of the Ming army and the victory of the latter. Ming Ji Bei lue made the following comments on this:
After the war of the past, the nomads from the future came one after another, and the cities were empty first, namely Liangxiang, Luanzhou, Xianghe, Gu 'an and zhang wan. Some cities are empty first, but the soldiers don't advance, such as Bazhou Santun. And those who landed in Enemy at the Gates a few days ago, such as Yutian, such as Qian 'an. Some soldiers will fall down first and know what to do, such as Zunhua and Yongping. Those who bluff and dare not commit crimes, such as Changping and Zhuozhou. And those who are not brought by flag-dropping soldiers, such as Shunyi. There are soldiers who stay and don't attack, and the middle is as smooth as Fangshan. Those Enemy at the Gates walked with them, but they avoided them with reinforcements, such as Laoting and Funing.
Another reason is repeated mistakes in military command. Ming strategist told Zhang in the incident: "The enemy rode into the inner half of the month, although many ministers, such as Tongzhou Jinyao and Changping Mountain Mausoleum. Everyone knew it would happen, but they didn't take precautions. To the south of Zunhua, there is a rich Beiping Valley, which belongs to Infernal Affairs. I have never heard of Qifu, and I can't detect riding for more than 300. However, if the number of enemy troops is overwhelming, I will see the responsibility of Sima. Aid will be like a cloud, costing thousands of stones a day and thousands of money. Do you have any left today? Dont Ask For Help, it's Sima's responsibility. The most important thing is the cannon. It is a common responsibility to have lead stones and logs. " Tan Qian: Guoque, Volume 9 1.
This is the first battle of Keith launched by Hou Jin since Nurhachi was destroyed. This military action is not only a breakthrough in the tactics of the late Jin Dynasty, but also of strategic significance. This long-distance raid not only exercised the ability of the post-nomads to March, defend the city and fight the main battle, but also glimpsed the emergence of political reactionary corruption, economic depression, military incompetence, successive years of scarcity and "rogue" in the Ming Dynasty, and enhanced their enterprising ambition to March into the Central Plains and dominate the world. For the Ming dynasty, the comprehensive plunder and military attack of the late Jin dynasty made its soldiers bloodless and its financial resources exhausted. More importantly, besides being a formidable enemy, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty was deceived by Huang Taiji and killed Yuan Chonghuan by mistake. At the same time, Liao soldiers and Liao generals who were good at fighting in the Ming army, because they were not trusted, went to Houjin one after another and became guides for Houjin to enter the customs several times. And the so-called four-way teacher, mostly lack of Serenade reimbursement, shuddering. Some of them immediately took part in the peasant uprising and turned against the Ming Dynasty again.