Introduction of captaincy in Qing dynasty
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, because the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were not strong enough to directly control the southern provinces, the Han people who made great achievements were grouped and managed in some southern provinces: Wu Sangui sealed the King of the West, defended Yunnan and governed Guizhou; Shang Kexi sealed Pingnan Wang and defended Guangdong; Geng Zhongming named King Nanjing. After his death, his son Geng Jimao attacked India and defended Fujian. The above three forces are collectively called San Francisco. San Francisco has great power in the provinces it guards, far exceeding local officials, and can control local troops, taxes and so on. [5] The establishment of San Francisco and the cultivation of its influence were the result of the Qing court using the Ming Dynasty to pacify and defend the south. After the Qing court entered the customs, due to the shortage of the Eight Banners, in order to deal with the resistance of the peasant rebels and the small court in Nanming, it was necessary to take the decline of Ming officials and generals as the guide and engage in recruitment and military repression. In the Ming Dynasty, Kong Youde, Geng, Shang Kexi and Wu Sangui made the greatest contribution to the Qing Dynasty, so they were all named kings. The army led by them became an important force besides the Eight Banners, and made every effort to do so after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. After 20 years of struggle, the peasant army that resolutely resisted the Qing Dynasty failed, and the decadent regime of Nanming collapsed. At this time, the Qing court put the basic strength of the Eight Banners in the north to defend the capital and important garrison cities, while the south was temporarily ceded to Wu Sangui and others. Wu Sangui was stationed in Yunnan, Shaanxi was stationed in Guangdong, and Geng (the grandson of Geng) was stationed in Fujian, forming San Francisco. Besides San Francisco, there is also a Kong Youde. However, Kong Youde failed to commit suicide while fighting Li Dingguo, a peasant army in Guilin, and his son was killed by Li Dingguo, so no one attacked him. Only one woman, Kong Sizhen, married Sun Yanling, and the Qing court took Sun Yanling as the general, leading the masses and stationed in Guilin.