Ecological security is in jeopardy.
China's natural ecological environment is lurking a crisis that cannot be ignored-
Water resources are scarce and water pollution is prominent. China's per capita water resources are only over 2,000 tons, which is the world's per capita 1/4, and it is one of the world's 13 water-poor countries. Moreover, the distribution of water resources in China is uneven, and some areas in North China and Northwest China are seriously short of water. At the same time, major rivers in China are generally polluted, among which the Liaohe River and Haihe River are seriously polluted, the water quality of Huaihe River is poor, and the water quality of Yellow River is not optimistic. The main freshwater lakes are seriously eutrophic, and the groundwater in most cities is polluted to a certain extent, and it has a trend of increasing year by year.
The atmospheric environment is deteriorating. According to the statistics of relevant departments, only 33. 1% of the 338 cities in China have reached the second-class national air quality standard, and the remaining 66.9% have exceeded the second-class standard, of which 137 have exceeded the third-class standard, accounting for 40.5% of the statistical cities.
Soil acidification and salinization are serious, cultivated land area is reduced and soil fertility is reduced. The area of acid rain in China has accounted for 25% of the land area, and the degree of soil acidification has intensified. The total area of salinized land accounts for about 8.5% of the total land area; From 65438 to 0995, the per capita arable land in China was only about 0.08 hectares, ranking third from the bottom among 26 countries with a population of over 50 million in the world.
Most grasslands have been or are being degraded. Due to the predatory development of grassland, indiscriminate cultivation, excessive firewood harvesting and long-term overgrazing, the grassland area in China has decreased year by year and the grassland quality has gradually declined. Among them, the moderately degraded grassland has reached 65.438+0.3 billion hectares, and it is spreading at the rate of 20,000 square kilometers per year.
Although the forest coverage rate in China has improved, the overall quality of forest resources is still declining, and the per capita stock is less than the world average 1/7, and the forest ecological function is seriously degraded.
The area of soil erosion in China has reached 3.67 million square kilometers, and it is increasing at the rate of 6.5438+0 million square kilometers per year. The area of desertified land in China has reached 2.62 million square kilometers, and it continues to expand at the rate of 2,460 square kilometers per year. At present, the area of desertified land in China is 6.5438 0.689 million square kilometers, accounting for 654.38 0.07.6% of the national territory.
The marine environment is also not optimistic. 1999 China's coastal waters were seriously polluted, with Class IV and IV seawater reaching more than 46%. Among them, the proportion of four types of seawater in the most polluted East China Sea is as high as 53%.
The above information shows that China's ecological security is facing severe challenges. In particular, the overall ecological environment in China is still deteriorating, and the situation facing the national ecological security is very grim.
Ecological deterioration is harmful.
How harmful is the deterioration of ecological environment?
Look at the economic losses first. According to the research results organized by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the direct economic loss and indirect economic loss caused by the national ecological destruction in 1986 were 831400,000 yuan; During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, with the rapid growth of the national economy, the destruction of the ecological environment intensified. 1994 The economic loss caused by the destruction of ecological environment is about 42016 billion yuan, which is close to 10% of GDP in that year.
It should be pointed out that the above calculation is only the direct economic loss and partial indirect economic loss of ecological destruction, and does not include many incalculable potential economic losses such as gene and species disappearance. According to the assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, this kind of loss is far greater than the direct economic loss caused by ecological damage, sometimes 2-3 times or even 10 times.
Ecological destruction has aggravated poverty and affected social stability. In some areas with serious desertification in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, local farmers have been forced to migrate and become ecological victims.
Resulting in frequent natural disasters. Among many types of natural disasters, except earthquakes and volcanic activities, many natural disasters are closely related to human destruction of ecology, especially frequent floods, droughts, mudslides and sandstorms, which can be said to be the consequences of the deterioration of the ecological environment.
The deterioration of ecological environment restricts the sustainable development of social economy to a certain extent: serious river interruption and pollution aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, which seriously affects the social and economic development of downstream areas; Excessive consumption of biological resources and mass disappearance of species not only destroy the stability of ecosystem, but also further weaken the supply capacity of raw materials for industrial and agricultural production. ...
We must face up to the reality that the overall deterioration of China's ecological environment has not been fundamentally reversed, and its losses and negative effects are still expanding!
Defend the national ecological security.
A large number of facts have repeatedly proved that the role of human factors, especially unreasonable development and construction activities, is an important cause of ecological damage. Misunderstandings such as quick success and instant benefit and blind pursuit of "high speed" have long excluded environmental protection from social and economic development strategies, policies and plans, leading to frequent decision-making mistakes and ecological disasters. Large-scale iron and steel smelting, "food is the key link", "fast water" and "get on the bus first and buy tickets later" have all caused shocking damage to the environment. What is worrying is that new ecological destruction still occurs from time to time.
Ecological damage caused by decision-making mistakes is the biggest damage. At present, we must first strengthen environmental education for leading comrades in various localities and departments, so that they can face up to the existing environmental problems and effectively achieve the coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection, and can no longer "eat the food of their ancestors and cut off the road for their children and grandchildren." "Secondly, it is necessary to enhance the environmental awareness of the whole people, so that the ecological security of the vast number of countries is related to the safety and warmth of the people of the whole country. It's not too late to make amends. It's time for the whole people to mobilize and everyone to protect and build the ecological environment. People are aware of the seriousness and consequences of the deterioration of the ecological environment and start to protect the environment from themselves.