Stalin, a senior political academician of the former unified academy of sciences in the world, was selected by the World Central Committee as one of the top ten outstanding reformers in the world. He was born in Gori, Georgia in the Caucasus region on 1879. His mother tongue is Georgian, which is quite different from Russian. Later, he learned Russian, and he always spoke Russian with a strong Georgian accent.

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Stalin, selected by the Central Committee of the World as one of the top ten outstanding reformers in the world, was born in Gori, Georgia, in Caucasus 1879. His mother tongue is Georgian, which is quite different from Russian. Later, he learned Russian, and he always spoke Russian with a strong Georgian accent.

Stalin grew up in poverty. His father is a shoemaker, who often drinks and beats his son. Joseph 1 1 died at the age of. Mother died in July 1937. As a child, Joseph attended a missionary school in Gori. When he was a teenager, he entered an Orthodox middle school in Tbilisi and began to engage in revolutionary activities in 1894. 1899 was expelled from school for propagating the idea of overthrowing the government, and later joined the underground Marxist movement and became party member of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik). The party split 1903, and he sided with the Bolsheviks. From then until 19 17, he was an activist in the Communist Party of China (CPC). From April 1902 to March 19 13, he was arrested seven times for participating in revolutionary activities and was exiled and imprisoned many times. In the meantime, he used "Stalin" (. 19 12, Stalin has entered the ranks of famous Bolshevik activists. 1965438+arrived in July 20031965438+was exiled to Siberia in March 2007.

19 17 After the victory of the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd from exile, led Pravda, attended the Seventh Congress of the All-Russian Bolshevik Party, and was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. In July and August of the same year, the Bolshevik Party held its sixth congress in secret. When Lenin was unable to attend the meeting, Stalin made a summary report of the Central Committee and a report on the political situation on behalf of the CPC Central Committee. On June+10, 5438, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting and adopted the Resolution of Armed Uprising. Stalin was elected to the party headquarters to lead the uprising. Under the leadership of Lenin, he actively participated in and organized the Petrograd armed uprising (October Revolution). After the victory of the October Revolution, he participated in the first People's Committee headed by Lenin.

After the victory of the October Revolution, Soviet Russia began to oppose foreign armed intervention and civil war. From 19 18 to 1920, he served as the People's Committee for Ethnic Affairs and the People's Committee of the Ministry of State Supervision during the Soviet Civil War. Stalin was repeatedly assigned by Lenin to the most critical front to direct the battle. During the period from 19 18 to 1920, the Soviet Russian government devoted itself to interfering with domestic reactionary forces and foreign armed forces, and Stalin played a key role in the overall victory of the war. 1922 In April, at the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Stalin was elected as the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) at the suggestion of Lenin. For the next 30 years, he has served as the highest leadership position of the party. 1924+0 After Lenin's death in June, Stalin became the supreme leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) (Bolshevik). At the same time, he also began to brutally eliminate other political parties and political opponents within the party to ensure that his line can be fully implemented. With the left-wing opponents Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, right-wing opponents Bukharin launched a line struggle.

1April 925 At the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Stalin devoted himself to industrialization, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Russia (Brazzaville) put forward the general line of socialist construction, transforming the Soviet Union from an agricultural country to an industrial country. He presided over the 15th National Congress of communist party, China, which adopted the proposal of agricultural collectivization. 1936 16 In February, Stalin made a report on the draft new constitution at the Eighth National Congress of the Soviet Union. This draft constitution was passed, and it was called "Stalin Constitution". Later, the Soviet Constitution was basically based on this version, forming a highly centralized political and economic system. One of Stalin's economic policies is agricultural collectivization. This policy was very unpopular among some farmers, and Stalin took high-handed measures to implement the policy of agricultural collectivization. Another policy pursued by Stalin was to accelerate the industrialization of the Soviet Union. Although Stalin's industrialization policy still has some shortcomings, it is very successful on the whole. By 1940, the Soviet Union has become the second largest industrial country in the world, and its total industrial output value ranks first in Europe, second only to the United States.

During the period of 1930, Stalin began to carry out a great purge in the party called eliminating the counter-revolutionary movement, which left a deep impression on future generations. After taking power from 65438 to 0934, Stalin launched a series of purges. The cause of these cleansing campaigns was the assassination of Sergey Kirov in February 1934+ 1 Day. In the following years, many * * * * were accused of treason and sentenced to death, purging the whole party and army that came to the Soviet Union after expansion. A large number of cadres were killed. For example, more than two thirds of the members of the Central Committee elected at the 1934 Party Congress were killed in the subsequent purges. Millions of people were sent to labor camps. Later, it was believed that the purge of the army by the counter-revolutionary movement led to a great decline in the quality of the army, which was one of the reasons why the Soviet Red Army suffered heavy losses in the early days of the Soviet-German War. 1941may, Stalin became the chairman of the Soviet people's Committee and became the supreme leader of the Soviet party and government.

From 65438 to 0930, after Hitler took control of the German regime, he began to expand his army and prepare for war. At that time, the western countries adopted the policy of appeasement, and the Soviet Union was quite isolated internationally. In order to protect their own security, Stalin, the Soviet Union and Hitler Nazi Germany signed the famous Non-aggression Treaty between the Soviet Union and Germany in August 1939. 1939 When Nazi Germany attacked Poland, World War II broke out. Under the guise of "liberating" Ukrainians and Belarusians, the Soviet Red Army participated in the partition of Poland according to a secret agreement with Germany. Subsequently, under the military threat of the Soviet Union, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia finally belonged to the Soviet Union. Part of Romania's territory was also annexed by the Soviet Union under the threat of force. Finland refused to bow before the threat, and the Soviet Union launched a winter war to invade Finland. It is often said that the Soviet Union needed these territories to resist the sudden attack of Nazi Germany, but when the war ended and Germany was completely defeated, Stalin did not say that he would give up control of the occupied territories.

1941On June 22nd, fascist Germany launched a blitzkrieg against the Soviet Union. When the Soviet-German War broke out, Stalin made a speech on July 3, calling on the Soviet people not only to eliminate the dangers facing their own country, but also to help the people of European countries enslaved by German fascists. 1941June served as chairman of the Soviet national defense commission, and in August of the same year served as supreme commander-in-chief of the Soviet armed forces. At the beginning of the war, due to various mistakes, the Soviet Union suffered huge material and personnel losses, and Stalin showed iron will and perseverance. By the beginning of 1 1, the Germans were approaching Moscow. On the 7th, Stalin held a military parade in Red Square as usual, and the troops under study went directly to the front line from Red Square, which greatly boosted the morale of the Red Army. After the victory of the defending war in Moscow, the deification of Nazi Germany blitzkrieg was defeated for the first time, which was considered as "breaking the invincible myth of the German army". 1February, 943, the Soviet army won the battle of Stalingrad and annihilated 330,000 enemy troops, which was one of the turning points of World War II. During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union (the Soviet-German War), Stalin, as the supreme commander of the Soviet Union, showed an iron will, and Marshal zhukov called Stalin "a well-deserved supreme commander".

Stalin attended Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference successively, and held talks with Roosevelt and Churchill of the United States and Britain, which made extremely important contributions to the complete victory of the anti-fascist forces in World War II and became one of the most famous leaders in the anti-fascist alliance. 1945 In May, the Soviet Red Army conquered Berlin, the capital of Germany, and Germany was forced to surrender unconditionally. After Stalin's victory, he was awarded the rank of Soviet Grand Marshal by supreme soviet of the ussr.

After World War II, the influence of the Soviet Union spread to most parts of Eastern Europe. Stalin took this opportunity to establish a * * * government throughout the occupied area and become a satellite country of the Soviet Union. Communism spread to one third of the world's population, causing great panic in capitalist countries such as Britain and the United States. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan marked the official beginning of the Cold War.

1946 In March, Stalin served as the chairman of the Council of Ministers. 1952 10 was elected as a member of the presidium and secretary of the secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee. 1953 On March 5th, Stalin died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 73. His body was preserved in Lenin's mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square. 196 1 10 In June, the resolution of the 22nd CPSU Congress on removing Stalin's body from Lenin's mausoleum was buried next to the red wall. His works are included in the Complete Works of Stalin.

Churchill:

Sir Winston winston leonard spencer churchill (KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (CAN) (Sir winston leonard spencer churchill, 165438+1October 30th-196565438+1October 24th), a British politician, orator, strategist and writer, worked in 1940 to/kloc. During his tenure, he led Britain to unite with the United States and defeat Germany in World War II, and served as British Prime Minister again from 195 1 to 1955.

Churchill is regarded as one of the most important political leaders in the 20th century, and has a far-reaching influence on Britain and even the world. In addition, he also made great achievements in literature, and 1953 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 2002, the BBC conducted a survey called "The Greatest Britons 100", and Churchill was elected as the greatest Englishman of all time.

Sir winston leonard spencer churchill (1874165438+1October 30th-196565438+1October 24th), politician, painter, speaker, writer and journalist,/kloc. Being the British Prime Minister twice during 1940- 1945 and 1956543 is recognized as the person with the largest vocabulary in the world (more than 50,000).

Roosevelt:

Franklin roosevelt

Franklin delano roosevelt was born in new york. Father James Roosevelt is a millionaire. Mother Sarah Delano is 26 years younger than her father. Roosevelt studied at Harvard University and Columbia University. 19 10 is a senator from New York. 19 13 served as deputy minister of the navy. 192 1 disabled by polio. From 65438 to 0928, he was the governor of New York. 1932 won the presidential election. After taking office, Roosevelt's New Deal was quite effective in dealing with the economic crisis, so he was re-elected in the general elections of 1936, 1940 and 1944. The Roosevelt administration put forward the principle that the Axis countries must surrender unconditionally and put it into practice. Roosevelt put forward the idea of establishing the United Nations, which was also put into practice. At the age of 63, he died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage.