Introduction of works
Disciples' Lyrics is a work of Ci and Fu by Song Yu, a writer of Chu State in the Warring States Period. This poem skillfully depicts beautiful women by contrast. Many phrases, such as "the son of the owner, adding one point is too long, subtracting one point is too short, the powder is too white, and the Zhu Fu is too red", have always been regarded as classic pens to show the beauty of women. The article also depicts an ugly female image to illustrate the lewdness of the disciple, and uses Dr. Zhang Hua's mouth to show his love view. The full text is reasonable, with vivid images and exquisite metaphors, and has high artistic achievements.
original work
Lotharistic fu 1
Doctor, disciple, the King of Chu 2, Song Yu said: "Jade is a carefree beauty, talkative and lustful." May the king not enter or leave the harem. "
Wang asked Song Yu in the words of a disciple. Jade said: "I am carefree and beautiful, influenced by the sky." If you talk more, learn from the teacher; As for lewdness, I have nothing. "The king said," said son lewd what's the point? If you say something, you will stop at 6 o'clock. Without saying anything, retreat. Jade said: "The beauty of the world is Mo Ruochu, the beauty of Chu is Mo Ruo, and the beauty of a minister is the son of Mo Ruochen." . For the owner's son, adding one point is too long and reducing one point is too short; Powder Taibai 8, Zhu Taihong 9; Eyebrows are like jade feathers and muscles are like snow; The waist is bundle element 10, and the teeth are shellfish; Smile, confuse Yangcheng, and fall in love with Cai 1 1. However, this woman climbed the wall to spy on the minister for three years, 12, and has not been allowed so far. A lothario is different: his wife has swollen ears 14, her lips are full of teeth 15, she wobbles sideways 16, and she has scabbed hemorrhoids 17. Disciple was very satisfied, so he gave birth to five sons 18. Wang Shucha's 19, who is a lecherous? "
At that time, Dr. Qin Zhanghua was next to 20, so he went on to say: "Today, my husband Song Yusheng called the neighbor's daughter beautiful, and the evil of stupidity was 21; I think I'm virtuous and say I'm not as good as him. Besides, my husband, a concubine in Nanchu Poor Lane, is 23 years old. How can he be king? If I am humble, those who see me are afraid to speak. "
The king said, "Try to speak for me." The doctor said, "Vivian. I have been to many places, 9 places and 24 cities. There are 26 in Xianyang, 27 in Handan, and 28 in Zheng, Wei, Qin and Yan. 29 years old is the end of spring, 30 years old is the sun welcoming summer, and 365,438+0 girls come out. This suburb is 33 colors and 34 lights. It's beautiful and exquisite, and it doesn't need decoration. I admire its beauty very much, because it is called the "May 3rd" poem: "Take a good road, take care of your children and get rid of thirty-six". It's great to give you a speech on youth. So the virgin didn't come when she had hope, and suddenly didn't come when she did. Dense body sparse 39, pitch different 40; Smile, steal your eyes and wander +0. The poem also said,' Spring breeze makes you feel fresh and glorious, and Jiezhai makes you feel happy. It is better to give me nothing. Quit because of delay. Getu was moved by a few words. Mental dependence; I want my face to be 47, my heart to care for my righteousness to be 48, and my hymn ceremony to be 49, but it's not bad in the end, so 50 is enough. "
So the king of Chu called it good, and Song Yu did not retreat.
Annotation of works
1, disciple: disciple with compound surname. I don't know if it really exists, but it may just be a fictional character in literature.
2. King Chu: This refers to King Xiang of Chu.
3. Shortness: This refers to attacking its shortcomings.
4. Leisure: elegant and handsome.
5, micro-words: dissatisfied words.
6. Stop: As opposed to "retreat" below, it means to stay.
7. Master's son: the daughter of the east neighbor.
8. write (zhuó): rub.
9. Zhu Shi: Use tobacco oil.
10. Bundle element: a bundle of white raw silk. This is to describe a thin waist.
1 1, Charm Yangcheng, Charm Cai Xia: Charm men in Yangcheng and Cai Xia. Yangcheng and Cai Xia are the fiefs of Chu nobles.
12，peek: peek。
13, disallowed: disagree, disagree.
14, LUN: Curled.
15, Yan's lips and teeth: teeth are sparse, irregular and exposed. Eriocheir sinensis: showing its teeth. Calendar teeth: describe the sparse and irregular teeth.
16, sideways (jǔ) and tumbling (lóu): hunched over and staggered in walking. Hey: hunchback.
17, scabies and hemorrhoids: scabies and hemorrhoids.
18, give her five children: give her five children.
19, which test: which is familiar. Look carefully.
20. Dr. Qin Zhanghua was at the side: At that time, Dr. Qin Zhanghua was in Chu. Zhanghua: Chu place name. This is the name of the earth.
2 1, the evil of stupidity: beauty can confuse people and produce evil thoughts.
22. Peter: He means Song Yu.
23. Nanchu poor lane concubine: refers to the woman in the remote place of Chu, that is, the "son of the east neighbor".
24. Nine Earths in Zhou Lan: I have traveled all over Kyushu. Nine pictures: Kyushu.
25. Five capitals: Five capitals generally refer to bustling cities.
26. Xianyang: At that time, it was the capital of Qin State, so it was located in the northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province.
27. Xidan: Play in Handan. Xi: Let's play. Handan: At that time, it was the capital of Zhao State, so the address is now Handan City, Hebei Province.
28. Take your time between Zheng He (zhēn) and (wíI): stay at Qinshui and the waterside of Zheng and Wei. Calm down: stay, stay. Zheng and Wei: two country names in the Spring and Autumn Period, so the address is from xinzheng city to hua county and Puyang. Qin Yan: Two rivers in Zheng State. The Book of Songs, Zheng Yan, describes the scene where daughters meet and play on the shore every year on the Fourth Festival.
29. direction: close, close.
30. Welcome the summer sun: there will be warm sunshine in summer. Welcome: Welcome, it will appear.
3 1, ostrich (cāng), ostrich (gēng), ostrich (jiē) are singing.
32, group of women out of mulberry: many beautiful women pick mulberry leaves in the mulberry room.
33.shū: refers to the rural beauty in Zheng and Wei dynasties.
34. China is full of light: splendid and radiant.
35. Poetry: Quote from The Book of Songs.
36, along the road, with children (qū): Walk hand in hand with your sweetheart along the road. Remove: sleeves. "The Book of Songs Zheng Feng follows the Tao": "Follow the Tao and mix shackles."
37. Overlapping (Hu Ning): Same as "dream". Hope: there is expectation.
38, suddenly: intertextuality with embarrassment, suddenly: uncertain appearance. The meaning of these two sentences is that beautiful women seem to come and not come, which makes people upset and uneasy.
39. Italy is dense and sparse: although the feelings are close, the traces are far away.
40. Different views on pitching: every move of a beautiful woman is different.
4 1, mi m n: Peeking at her, she is making eyes at her.
42. The spring breeze is fresh and magnificent: everything wakes up under the spring breeze, fresh and dense. May: Wake up.
43. After fasting, Yin Hui was born: That kind of beauty is sincere and solemn; Wait for my good news. Zhai: Behave solemnly.
44. No life is better than giving me such a gift: it seems that you can't combine with her like this, so you might as well die.
45. Quit because of procrastination: She retreated behind her and politely declined.
46. A slight comment: refers to a poem that failed to impress her at last.
I want to see her face with my own eyes.
48, worry about its meaning: thinking about moral norms in my heart, the great defense of men and women.
49, Yang's "Poetry" is not bad: recite the old saying of "The Book of Songs", observe etiquette, and finally have no deviant behavior. Error: a shortcoming, a mistake.
50. Fame: commendable.
original text
Doctor, disciple, waiting on the king of Chu, Song Yu said, "Yu is a carefree beauty, complaining a lot and lustful." May the king not follow you in and out of the harem. "
Wang asked Song Yu in the words of a disciple. Jade said: "I am carefree and beautiful, influenced by the sky." If you talk more, learn from the teacher; As for lewdness, I have nothing to offer. "The king said," I am not lewd. What's the point? If you have something to say, just stop; Retreat if you have nothing to say. "Jade said," The most beautiful person in the world is Mo Ruochu, the most beautiful person in Chu is Mo Ruo Chen Li, and the most beautiful person in Chen Li is the son of his boss. For the owner's son, adding one point is too long and reducing one point is too short; Powder is too white, Zhu Taihong; Eyebrows are like jade feathers and muscles are like snow; The waist is like a bundle, and the teeth are like shells; Smile, confuse Yangcheng and fall in love with Cai. However, this woman has been spying on me on the wall for three years and is still not allowed. The lothario is not: his wife has a wrinkled head and ears, a wrinkled lips and teeth, a rickety side face, scabies and hemorrhoids. Disciple was very satisfied, so he had five sons. "Who cares, Wang? Who is a good lover? "
At that time, Dr. Qin Zhanghua was nearby, so he went on to say: "My husband Song Yusheng called the neighbor's daughter beautiful and stupid; I don't think I'm that good. Besides, my husband's concubine in Nanchu poor lane is not enough to be king. " If I am modest, people who have seen it before will be afraid to say anything. "The king said," Try to speak for me. " The doctor said, "Be passive. I have traveled a long way, nine places and five capitals. Out of Xianyang, out of Handan, calmly between Zheng, Wei, Qin and Yan. At the end of spring, the sun ushered in summer, and women came out. The beauty of this suburb is bright and doesn't need decoration. I admire its beauty, because it is called a poem:' Take a good road and take care of your children'. It's great to give you a speech on youth. Therefore, if a virgin is not expected to come, she will suddenly disappear. The dense body is sparse and the pitch is different; Smile, secretly look at the traffic. The poem also says:' Spring breeze comes to sleep, fresh and glorious, and Zhai Jie comes to listen, giving me such joy is better than no life.' Quit because of delay. Gaitu was moved by a whisper. Mental dependence; I want to save face, my heart cares about my righteousness, I celebrate "poetry" and keep the ceremony, but it is not bad in the end, which is enough. "
So the king of Chu called it good, and Song Yu did not retreat.
Translation of works
This disciple is a doctor of Chu, who speaks ill of Song Yu in front of the king of Chu. He said: "Song Yu is quiet and handsome, articulate, subtle and loves women. I hope the king won't let him in and out of the harem. "
The king of Chu questioned Song Yu in the words of his disciples. Song Yu said, "Beautiful appearance is natural; Good at phrasing words and sentences, learning from teachers; As for the lust for women, I don't have it. " King Chu said, "Is it really reasonable that you don't love women?" Stay if you have reason, and leave if you have no reason. "Song Yu then argued," there is no one in the world who can compare with Chu women, and no one can surpass the beauty in my hometown. The most beautiful girl in my hometown is the lady next door. Miss owners, from the body, plus one point is too high, minus one point is too short; As far as skin color is concerned, powder is too white and cinnabar is too red, which is really just right. Her eyebrows are like kingfisher feathers, her skin is as clean as snow, her waist is as slender as silk, her teeth are as neat as a series of Beckhams, and her sweet smile is enough to confuse and dump people in Yangcheng and Lower Caiyi. Such a beautiful woman has been lying on the wall spying on me for three years, and I still haven't promised to associate with her. This is not the case with the lothario. His wife is unkempt, her ears are tight, her lips are everted, her teeth are uneven, her back is hunched, she walks with a limp, and she suffers from scabies and hemorrhoids. Such an ugly woman, her disciples love her very much and have five children. I beg your majesty to see who is a lecherous. "
At that time, zhanghua, the doctor of Qin State, was in Chu State and took the opportunity to say to the king of Chu: "Now Song Yu is preaching that the neighbor's young lady is a beauty, and beauty can confuse people and produce evil thoughts; I think I am honest and abide by morality. I think I am not as good as Song Yu. And how can a woman in a remote place in Chu, the son of the East, tell the king? If I say that my eyes are mean and obvious to all, I dare not say. "
King Chu said, "Try to tell me more." The doctor said, "Yes. When I was young, I often traveled far and wide, visited Kyushu and visited bustling cities. Leave Xianyang, play in Handan, and live in Qinshui and Weishui of Zhengzhou and Weifang. It's late spring, and there will be warm sunshine in summer, birds chirping and beautiful women picking mulberry leaves in mulberry trees. The rural beauties of Zheng and Wei are beautiful and radiant. Graceful figure and beautiful face. Looking at the beauty among them, I quoted a sentence from the Book of Songs:' Hand in hand with my sweetheart and walk on the road.' You'd better give her to this beautiful young woman. Beauty seems to come and not come, which makes people upset and uneasy. Although the feelings are very close, they look very distant. Beauty's every move is different; Looking at her secretly, I couldn't help smiling. She is making eyes at her. So I also quoted the words in the Book of Songs:' Everything wakes up in the spring breeze, fresh and dense. Beauty is the heart of a child, solemn; Wait for my good news. If you can't combine with her like this, you might as well die. "She stepped back and politely declined. I probably couldn't find a poem that touched her in the end, so I had to rely on each other with spiritual support; I really want to see her face with my own eyes, think about ethics, and think about the debate between men and women. Reciting the old saying of the Book of Songs and observing etiquette have never been wrong, so there is no deviance in the end. "
So the king of Chu promised to say yes, and Song Yu did not leave.
Creation background
This poem was written at the end of the Warring States period, when Chu was in decline. According to legend, this poem was written by the author to satirize the luxurious life of King Xiang of Chu.
works appreciation
"lothario" has always been synonymous with lewd. This started with Fu. In fact, it is not bad to say that he is a clever villain, and it is ironic to say that he is a lecherous. In Fu, the disciple slandered Song Yu for being lewd in front of the king of Chu, and Song Yu took the neighbor's daughter as an example to show that he was not lewd. And the wife of the lothario is ugly, but the lothario has given birth to five children with her, refuting the lewdness of the lothario. The wife of the lothario described by the author is not only ugly, but also disgusting. However, if a lothario is "pleasing", it can be called "color blindness". In fact, the author's topic is Li Sao's "Many women are jealous of Emei, and rumors are erotic", aiming at condemning those smart villains who are jealous of talents. At the same time, it satirizes the tortuous expression of the king of Chu with the help of Dr. zhanghua's "Love stops at ceremony" (Shan Li's Notes on Selected Works).
This fu has three attitudes towards the relationship between men and women: the disciple is a woman who loves him; Song Yu himself is pretentious and conceited; Dr. Qin Zhanghua is lewd and virtuous. In order to fight back against his disciples, the author pretends to be the second kind. In fact, the author agrees with the third kind, that is, to express feelings and stop at ceremonies. This attitude is close to human nature and conforms to etiquette. It is the attitude of ancient China literati and doctors towards the representativeness of gender relations. Compared with Taoists or adulterers, this is indeed a desirable attitude. Therefore, it is sometimes reflected in ancient literary works.
This poem is very descriptive, such as: "adding one point is too long and subtracting one point is too short;" The powder is too white, Zhu Taihong. " "The eyebrows are like jade feathers, the muscles are like snow, the waist is like a bundle, and the teeth are like shells. "This method is inherited from predecessors, such as" The Book of Songs Feng Wei Tells People ":"Soft hands, firm skin, collar like a salamander, teeth like a rhinoceros, and a cicada's head like a moth eyebrow ",but the description of this fu is more delicate and nuanced.
After the publication of this book, lothario became synonymous with lecherous. However, as long as you read this article carefully, it is not difficult to find that it is really rare for an apprentice to never pursue beautiful women, never change his mind and never abandon his ugly wife. It is absolutely impossible for a lecherous to be so single-minded in husband and wife's life, so we should clarify it realistically.
The great influence of Song Yu's Fu is mainly due to the author's clever use of contrast to describe the portrait of a beautiful woman. The phrase "the son of the master" in this article is not only quoted by later generations, but also imitated by others. For example, Shang Mo Sang, a folk song of Yuefu, used the same technique when describing the beauty of Luo Fu, a mulberry picker. The poem reads: "When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he rubbed his shoulders; When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgot to plow, and the hoe forgot to hoe. When they came back to complain, they sat and watched Luo Fu. " How beautiful Luo Fu is is not directly described in the poem. It is only said that the bearer of water dropped his burden, the young man took off his hat, the farmer forgot to plow and mow the grass, and even aroused resentment from his family, just because he went to see Luo Fu. This technique of describing beautiful women has been used to this day. Wang, known as the "king of western songs", also used this technique when he wrote the song "In that faraway place". In his lyrics, he described the beautiful shepherd girl like this: "In that distant place, there is a good girl, and people will look back when they pass by her." People want to look back with nostalgia, because the shepherd girl is so beautiful, the author sends out such feelings: "I would like to be a lamb and lie next to her and let her beat me gently with a whip every day." The same is true of Huangmei Opera "Couples Watching Lights". On the fifteenth day of the first month, a young couple went to enjoy the lanterns and watched them. The young man is very dissatisfied with the audience around him staring at his beautiful wife instead of looking at the lanterns. Describing beautiful women in this way can be said to have become a traditional way of expression, which can be traced back to Song Yu's Ode to a Disciple.
Brief introduction of the author
Song Yu (about 298 BC ~ about 222 BC), Zi Ziyuan, Han nationality, was born in Yancheng (now Yicheng, Hubei) during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period, and was a lyricist of Chu State. Born after Qu Yuan, he was still a disciple of Qu Yuan. He used to be the king's assistant. Hao Fu is a writer of Ci Fu who is as famous as Le Tang and Jing Ke after Qu Yuan. According to legend, there are many ci-fu. There are 16 ci-fu in the thirty volumes of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, and there are many today. His works include Nine Arguments, Feng Fu, Gao, and The Ode to a Disciple, but some people suspect that he didn't write the last three. The allusions of the so-called "Xialiba people", "Yangchun Baixue" and "Qugao and Widow" all come from him. "Zhongxiang County Records" recorded him as: "Song Yu, a city person, was a talented person who argued and was good at writing and recognizing sounds." Song Yu is also a famous handsome man in the history of China. He is charming, handsome and charming, with great wit and extraordinary speech. Therefore, the king of Chu often asked him to accompany him, or to visit the Lantai Palace, or to have a dream.